Triple test cross analysis in F2 populations of four barley crosses (original) (raw)
Triple test cross analysis in first backcross populations of four wheat crosses
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1978
SUMMARYThe triple test cross analysis (Kearsey & Jinks, 1968; Jinks & Perkins, 1970) was used to detect and estimate the additive, dominance and epistatic components of genetic variation for four metric traits, namely, final plant height, number of spikelets per spike, 100-kernel weight and yield per plant, in the first backcross populations of four wheat crosses (Norteno 67 α Moti, Sonalika α Moti, Kalyan Sona α Sonalika and Kalyan Sona × NP 876). Epistasis was a more important component of variation for final plant height and yield per plant than for number of spikelets per spike and 100-kernel weight. On the other hand, the additive component was highly significant for all four characters in all eight backcrosses.
Study_on_Genotypic_Response_and_Correlation_Analys.pdf
Barley, being a tremendous opportunities crop, we are far back regarding study, research and utilization. An experiment was conducted 2014-2015 to evaluate the barley genotypes for their yield attributing traits and correlation and causation. Eleven yield contributing traits viz., days to booting, heading and flowering; peduncle length, spike length, plant height, flag leaf area, flag leaf-1 area, thousand grain weight, biological weight and yield per hectare were recorded. High significant variation among genotypes was found for traits under study. Genotypes SBYT3-13#1115 (1960 kg), 14-SB-NAK-MR#17 (1760 kg) and AM POP#26 (1660 kg) were found to be superior for their per se performance based on grain yield per hectare, yield attributing and other quantitative traits. Thousand grains weight (0.333) had positively highest significant correlation with grain yield per hectare followed by spike length (0.310). Grain yield per hectare showed negative highly significant correlation with days to flowering (-0.796) followed by days to heading (-0.761) and days to booting (-0.663). Peduncle length (0.229), plant height (0.226), biological weight (0.181) and flag leaf area (0.032) were positively correlated with grain yield per hectare while flag leaf-1 area(-0.029) was negatively correlated. Thus, selection for genotypes with higher thousand grain weight and spike length accommodating earlier days to flowering, heading and booting is a prerequisite for attaining improvement in grain yield per hectare.
In order to estimate the gene effects in the inheritance of the plant height, five winter wheat genotypes (Pobeda, Renesansa, Sara, Partizanka and Pesma) were selected. The above mentioned genotypes were diallel crossed and F1, F2, and Fbc1 were obtained. The gene effects were estimated on the basis of generation mean analysis, using an additive-dominant model with three and six-parameters (Mather and Jinks, 1982). The adequacy of the additive-dominance model with three-parameters was tested using the Scaling-test and Chi-square (χ2) test. In the most crosses the value of the dominant gene effect was more significant than additive. The three-parameter model was adequate for the three crossing combination: Pobeda/Pesma, Renesansa/Pesma and Sara/Pesma. In the remaining crossing combinations tests showed the presence of epistatic effect which suggested that three-parameter model was not adequate. The application of six-parameter models was fitted for explaining genetic variation for the plant height and indicated the presence of various epistatic effects. The inheritance of the plant height was influenced by additive×additive and dominance×dominance type of non-allelic interactions. Duplicate gene interactions were also seen functioning in controlling plant height in most crosses. The best fit model indicated a very similar gene effects which were presented by a model with six-parameters. Epistasis played a considerable role in controlling plant height of wheat which revealed that epistatic gene effect cannot be ignored in establishing a breeding program to improve wheat populations for this trait. Keywords: wheat, plant height, gene effects.
Iran Agricultural Research, 2016
ABSTRACT- Barley (Hordeumvulgare L.) is one of the most important cereals in the world which is used as human and cattle feed and for malt production. One of the most important steps in a hybrid and selection breeding program of barley is the selection of suitable parents with high general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for grain yield. In order to estimate the combining ability and heterosis in barley for a number of qualitative traits, seven genotypes were crossed in one-way diallel crosses using Griffing (Method II). Grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, spike weight, 1000-grain weight, number of spikelet, plant height, spike length, peduncle length, days to physiological maturity, and spikelet density were measured. Results of variance analysis showed that there were very significant differences between genotypes for all the measured traits. General combining ability (GCA) effect was significant for all traits, 166/352 genotype had the highest value of GCA ...
Analysis of quantitative traits in barley by the use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms
Heredity, 1997
Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) produced with EcoRI and PstI both in combination with MseI restriction enzymes have been studied in the parents of four barley mapping populations. Averages of 15.9 and 18.7 polymorphic products per assay were produced for the EcoRI/MseI and PstI/MseI combinations, respectively. There was some evidence of interaction between cross combinations and restriction enzyme combinations, with PstI/MseI generating relatively more polymorphic products than EcoRI/MseI in the Blenheim x E224/3 cross combination, the least polymorphic of the four. Three hundred and ninety-eight AFLP products, using both restriction enzyme combinations, were generated in a doubled haploid population of 68 lines produced from the Blenheim x E224/3 cross. These were added to existing marker data for the cross to study the effects of incorporation of AFLPs produced by different restriction enzyme combinations upon genetic maps. Addition of the AFLP data resulted in greater genome coverage, both through linking previously separate groups and extensions to other groups. This increase in coverage appeared to result from AFLPs sampling some different regions of the genome compared to RAPDs and RFLPs, as the map distances spanned by the RAPD and RFLP linkage groups were similar with and without incorporation of AFLPs. There was also evidence that the EcoRI and PstI restriction enzymes sampled different regions of the genome. The revised maps were used in scanning for QTLs controlling a subset of 12 economically important traits measured in the cross. Overall, the QTLs accounted for an average of 53 per cent of the phenotypic variation for the characters. Positive and negative alleles were present in each parent for each character, apart from hot water extract corrected to 1.5 per cent nitrogen (HWEc). Several regions of the genome appeared to be involved in the control of several characters, notably chromosome 2, the denso locus on chromosome 3, the short arm of chromosome 5 and chromosome 7.
Genetic analysis for test weight in six-row winter barley
Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, 2015
Test weight has been shown to be an influence of the growing environment, crop management, and the length of the grain filling period, plant diseases, pests and genetic effects. The diallel analysis provides reliable method particularly in autogamous crops to review the genetic system and gene action involved in the expression of plant attributes, right in the F1 generation. The objectives of this study was to analyze the inheritance type, nature of gene action, and the component of genetic variance for test weight in a six-parent half diallel cross of winter barley. For these parents, generally the dominant alleles increase the value of test weight while the recessive allele leads to a reduction of this trait. The additives effects are involved in the determinism of test weight only in the case of “Orizont” and “Plaisant” varieties. The dominant alleles which control the phenotypic expression of this trait have a higher frequency than the recessive ones and also an asymmetry of pos...
Genotypic and phenotypic interrelationships among
Two field experiments were conducted in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Ten Egyptian bread wheat genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and evaluated for eight characters. The aim was to study the phenotypic and genotypic correlations and genotypic path analysis for grain yield and yield components. Highly significant differences were observed among genotypes for all the eight studied traits. Statistical analysis showed that genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the traits. The results revealed positive association in between number of tillers plant-1, number of spikelets spike-1, spike length, number of grains spike-1 and 1000 grain weight with grain yield plant-1 at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. However, days to 50% heading and plant height contributed negatively towards grain yield at both levels. Path analysis showed that maximum positive direct effect on grain yield plant-1 was contributed mostly by number of grains spike-1, followed by number of tillers plant-1 and 1000-grain weights were the major contributors towards grain yield. Since these three characters had high correlation and also high direct effect thus direct selection for these three characters should be of a major concern for a plant breeder. It was, therefore, suggested that number of grains spike-1, number of tillers plant-1 and 1000-grain weight should be given emphasis for future wheat yield improvement programs
COMPARISON BETWEEN SOME METHODS OF DIALLEL CROSS ANALYSIS IN MAIZE
A half diallel set of crosses involving 8 inbred lines of maize along with two commercial hybrids (SC 10 and SC Pioneer 30k8) were evaluated at two different sowing dates (2/5/2014 and 1/6/2014) using RCBD design with three replications at the Agricultural Research and Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University to determine combining ability and gene action for grain yield and its components. Significant planting date mean squares were detected, with a higher magnitude at early sowing date compared to that at late one. Genotypes as well as their components (parents, crosses and parents vs crosses) mean squares reached the significance level of probability for most studied traits. Significant mean squares due to general and specific combining ability (GCA (a) and SCA (b)) were obtained for all the studied traits using Griffing's methods (M 2 and M 4) and method of Jones at early, late and across sowing dates for most studied traits. Also, low GCA/ SCA ratio using Griffing's methods and a/b ratio using Jones method showed that non-additive type of gene action was the more important part of the total genetic variability for most studied traits in both and across planting dates. The parental inbred lines P3 and P7 seemed to be the best combiner for grain yield plant-1 as well as one or more of its components. The most desirable inter- and intera-allelic interactions were presented in both methods of Griffing by the F1 hybrids; P1xP7, P2xP8, P3xP4, P3xP7, P1xP8, P2xP3, P2xP8, P3xP4, P3xP7, P4xP7, P5xP6, P5xP8 and P6xP7 for grain yield plant-1. The crosses P3xP4, P3xP7, P6xP7, P5xP6, P2xP3, P1xP7, P4xP7, P2xP8, P1xP6 and P1xP7 gave significantly positive superiority in grain yield over SC10 and SC 30K8 in the combined analysis. Also, the three crosses P3xP7, P3xP4 and P5xP6 in the combined analysis were out yielded by (26.37 and 36.56%), (22.03 and 31.87%), (16.16 and 25.56%) over SC 10 and SC Pioneer 30K8, respectively. Highly significant and larger in magnitude values of dominance component (H1) were obtained for all traits in both sowing dates. Significant (h2) values were detected for all the studied traits. Low heritability values were detected for all studied traits. Values of H2/4H1was largely deviated from 0.25 were obtained for 100-kernel weight in both planting dates and No. of kernels row-1 at early sowing date. The same trend was detected by F values. Over-dominance was obtained for all traits. The parental inbred line P5 at early sowing date and P8 and P1 at late planting date for grain yield plant-1 seemed to carry the most dominant genes responsible for the expression of this trait. However, P4 for grain yield plant-1 had recessive genes. The correlation analysis revealed a strong relation between the four methods used in this study for estimation of error variance for all studied traits.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1992
The quantitative traits height and ear-emergence date were analyzed in the F2 progeny of a cross between a tall winter barley cultivar (Gerbel) and a short spring barley cultivar (Heriot). The trait distributions were found to be related to the genotypes at two biochemical loci,/?-amylase (Bmyl) and water-soluble protein (Wsp3), which are known to lie on the long arm of chromosome 4. Linkages between each trait and the markers were investigated using normal mixture models. The two parental phenotypes and the heterozygote phenotype of Bmyl were distinguishable so the model could be used directly to estimate linkage between Bmyi and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for height (Height). The Gerbel homozygote and heterozygote phenotype of Wsp3 could not be distinguished and the model was adapted accordingly. The proportion of plants requiring vernalization was consistent with control by two independent genes acting epistatically, and a normal mixture model based on a two-gene hypothesis was fitted to the distribution of ear-emergence date to estimate linkage between the marker loci and a QTL for ear-emergence date (Vrnl). The parameters of each model were the recombination fraction between the marker locus and the QTL and the means and standard deviations associated with each QTL genotype; these were estimated by maximum likelihood. The fitted distributions correspond well to those observed and the order of the loci along the chromosome is inferred to be Height -Vrnl -Bmyl -Wsp3, with Wsp3 being the most distal.