World Agriculture and Climate Change: Economic Adaptations (original) (raw)

Climate Change and Agriculture

The weakness of the agricultural part to both environmental change and variability is entrenched in the writing. The general agreement is that adjustments in temperature and precipitation will bring about changes in area and water administrations that will in this manner influence farming profitability.This paper emphasizes broadly on climate change, and the consequences of climate changeand its impact on agriculture. It provides a broad account of both the bio-physical impact of climate change on agriculture, and its economic and social consequences.The economic impact of climate change, particularly for less-developed countries and especially in sectors like agriculture, is of paramount importance.

Climate change and agricultural development

SCARDA briefing …, 2008

Climate change will be a major driver of change in the agricultural sector in the coming decades, along with changes in population, income, urbanization, dietary preferences, and technology.1 Agriculture is unique among economic sectors in its dependence on temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables, and is thus unique in its sensitivity to changes in those variables. Farmers around the world have long been accustomed to dealing with the vagaries of weather, but climate change is now occurring on a larger scale and will bring bigger challenges in terms of what farmers produce, where and how they produce it, and what we eat. Throughout the entire history of agriculture over the past 10,000 years, including the period of rapid growth and intensification during the Green Revolution over the past half century, global mean temperatures have remained within a range of about 1˚C from current levels (Schellnhuber, Rahmstorf, and Winkelmann 2016). The 2016 Paris climate accord set a target of keeping temperatures well below 2˚C above preindustrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5˚C. But most climate change scenarios show future temperatures rising well above these levels and well beyond historical experience. This chapter explores the implications of these changes. The first part examines alternative scenarios for climate change. The next section presents the latest findings on climate change impacts on agriculture and food security. Options to adapt to climate change and its impacts are considered as well as mitigation strategies.

Effects of global climate change on world agriculture: an interpretive review

Climate Research, 1998

Climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity. Concern over the potential effects of long-term climatic change on agriculture has motivated a substantial body of research over the past decade. This body of research addresses possible physical effects of climatic change on agriculture, such as changes in crop and livestock yields, as well as the economic consequences of these potential yield changes. This paper reviews the extant literature on these physical and economic effects and interprets this research in terms of common themes or findings. Of particular interest are findings concerning the role of human adaptations in responding to climate change, possible regional impacts to agricultural systems and potential changes in patterns of food production and prices. Limitations and sensitivities of these findings are discussed and key areas of uncertainty are highlighted. Finally, some speculations regarding issues of potential importance in interpreting and using information on climate change and agriculture are presented.

Economic implications of global climate change for world agriculture

Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 1992

This paper challenges the hypothesis that negative yield effects in key temperate grain producing regions of the world resulting from global climate change would have a serious impact on world food production. Model results demonstrate that even with concurrent productivity losses in the major grain producing regions of the world, global warming will not seriously disrupt world agricultural markets. Country/regional crop yield changes induce interregional adjustments in production and consumption that serve to buffer the severity of climate change impacts on world agriculture and result in relatively modest impacts on world agricultural prices and domestic economies.

Climate change and agricultural production

Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012

The threat of global environmental change has tended to focus on the possible impacts of a changing environment on agriculture and the implications for global food security. From a policy viewpoint, however, it is also difficult to understand the level to which agriculturally related activities may contribute to global-scale environmental change and the extent to which policies to prevent, mitigate, or adapt to environmental change may affect agriculture and hunger. These issues are likely to become especially important in making decisions not only about how to reduce the magnitude of human perturbations to the environment but also about how to improve both food security and environmental quality in the more crowded world of today and the future. This paper highlights the close linkages between agriculture, environment, and hunger in the past, reviews some of the ways in which the global food system interacts with the global environment in the present, and raises some questions regarding agriculture, environment, and hunger in the future. The primary focus of the paper is on global-scale changes in the environment, including possible changes in the earth's climate to enhance environmental sustainability of agricultural products in our society.

Climate change impacts on global agriculture

2010

Based on predicted changes in the magnitude and distribution of global precipitation, temperature and river flow under the IPCC SRES A1B and A2 scenarios, this study assesses the potential impacts of climate change and CO 2 fertilization on global agriculture. The analysis uses the new version of the GTAP-W model, which distinguishes between rainfed and irrigated agriculture and implements water as an explicit factor of production for irrigated agriculture. Future climate change is likely to modify regional water endowments and soil moisture. As a consequence, the distribution of harvested land would change, modifying production and international trade patterns. The results suggest that a partial analysis of the main factors through which climate change will affect agricultural productivity lead to different outcomes. Our results show that global food production, welfare and GDP fall in the two time periods and SRES scenarios. Higher food prices are expected. Independently of the SRES scenario, expected losses in welfare are marked in the long term. They are larger under the SRES A2 scenario for the 2020s and under the SRES A1B scenario for the 2050s. The results show that countries are not only influenced by regional climate change, but also by climate-induced changes in competitiveness.

Economic impact of climate change on agricultural sector: a review

2013

Global warming is the most serious environmental threat of the 21 st century. Extreme changes in global temperature over the last few decades have caused devastating natural disasters have immensely impacted on the agricultural sector as agricultural production is highly dependent on weather, climate and water availability, and is adversely affected by weather-and climate related disasters. This review paper summarizes the recent studies focused on (a) understanding and measuring the effect of climate change on the agricultural sector and (b) recent inventions and adaptations to cope up with the negative effects of climate change. The paper attempts to review how climate and agriculture is interrelated. It illuminates the vulnerability of the agricultural sector that depends highly on the climatic variables, like rainfall and temperatures. The exploration of climatic variations in this paper reveals the estimated economic costs of climate change on agricultural productivity of different regions and also gives an insight into how these climatic challenges at present and future can be best tackled in order to maximize agricultural output which in turn is the backbone of food sustainability of the nations worldwide.