Glucose but not insulin or insulin resistance is associated with memory performance in middle-aged non-diabetic women: a cross sectional study (original) (raw)
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Increased Glucose Levels Are Associated With Episodic Memory in Nondiabetic Women
Diabetes, 2007
OBJECTIVE—Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of a reduction in cognitive function. We investigated the hypothesis that plasma glucose is associated with a reduction in episodic and/or semantic memory already in nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We linked two large population-based datasets in Sweden: the Betula study, in which a random sample from the population aged 35–85 years was investigated for cognitive function, including episodic and semantic memory; and the Västerbotten Intervention Program, a health survey with subjects aged 40, 50, and 60 years, that includes measuring of fasting and 2-h plasma glucose, along with other risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We identified 411 (179 men and 232 women, mean age 50.6 ± 8.0 years) nondiabetic subjects, free from dementia, who had participated in the two surveys within 6 months. RESULTS—Women had better episodic (score 7.37 ± 1.42) and semantic memory (score 16.05 ± 2.76) than m...
Minireview: Mechanisms by Which the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Impair Memory
Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. These effects seem particularly true for memory functions. This article examines how diabetes and the biological changes that occur with diabetes such as hyperglycemia, changes in insulin concentration, hypertension, and changes in lipid levels might lead to these alterations in cognitive functioning, with an emphasis on the mechanisms leading to changes in memory.
Effects of glucose on memory processes in young adults
Psychopharmacologia, 1991
Recent studies suggest that glucose enhances memory in rodents and humans. The present experiment investigated the effects of glucose on memory performance and blood glucose changes in young adults (19-25 years). Subjects ingested (300 ml beverage) three doses of glucose (0, 30, 100 g) in a random, double-blind, triple crossover design. Thirty minutes post-glucose, subjects were shown nouns on a computer monitor and then administered recall and recognition memory tests. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals. There was no effect of glucose on memory performance, and plasma glucose measures did not correlate with memory test scores. Statistical power was adequate to detect a medium effect. The results contradict the hypothesis that glucose enhances memory performance in young, healthy normal adults.
Neurobiology of aging, 2016
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), although its role in AD etiology is unclear. We assessed insulin resistance using fasting and insulin-stimulated measures in 51 elderly subjects with no dementia (ND; n = 37) and with cognitive impairment (CI; n = 14). CI subjects exhibited either mild CI or AD. Fasting insulin resistance was measured using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal was assessed using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to calculate glucose disposal rate into lean mass, the primary site of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Because insulin crosses the blood-brain barrier, we also assessed whether insulin infusion would improve verbal episodic memory compared to baseline. Different but equivalent versions of cognitive tests were administered in counterbalanced order in the basal and insulin-stimulated state. Groups did not differ in age or body mass index. Cognitively i...
Serum Insulin and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study
The American Journal of Medicine, 2018
Objective: To examine the association of serum glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance with cognitive functioning seven years later in a longitudinal population-based study of Finnish older adults. Methods: Serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline in 269 dementia-free individuals aged 65-79 years derived from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study. Insulin resistance was estimated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Participants were reexamined seven years later, and global cognition, episodic memory, executive functioning, verbal expression, and psychomotor speed were assessed both at baseline and at follow-up. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations with cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjusting for several potential confounders, including common vascular risk factors. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, no associations of insulin resistance with cognitive functioning were observed. After excluding 19 incident dementia cases, higher baseline HOMA values were related to worse performance in global cognition
Lifestyle, glucose regulation and the cognitive effects of glucose load in middle-aged adults
British Journal of Nutrition, 2008
Interventions aimed at improving glucose regulatory mechanisms have been suggested as a possible source of cognitive enhancement in the elderly. In particular, previous research has identified episodic memory as a target for facilitation after either moderate increases in glycaemia (after a glucose drink) or after improvements in glucose regulation. The present study aimed to extend this research by examining the joint effects of glucose ingestion and glucose regulation on cognition. In addition, risk factors associated with the development of poor glucose regulation in middle-aged adults were considered. In a repeated measures design, thirty-three middle-aged adults (aged 35-55 years) performed a battery of memory and non-memory tasks after either 25 g or 50 g glucose or a sweetness matched placebo drink. To assess the impact of individual differences in glucose regulation, blood glucose measurements were taken on four occasions during testing. A lifestyle and diet questionnaire was also administered. Consistent with previous research, episodic memory ability benefited from glucose ingestion when task demands were high. Blood glucose concentration was also found to predict performance across a number of cognitive domains. Interestingly, the risk factors associated with poor glucose regulation were linked to dietary impacts traditionally associated with poor health, e.g. the consumption of high-sugar sweets and drinks. The research replicates earlier work suggesting that task demands are critical to the glucose facilitation effect. Importantly, the data demonstrate clear associations between elevated glycaemia and relatively poor cognitive performance, which may be partly due to the effect of dietary and lifestyle factors.
Effect of Glucose and Peripheral Glucose Regulation on Memory in the Elderly
Neurobiology of Aging, 1997
MESSIER, C., M. GAGNON AND V. KNOTT. Effect of glucose and peripheral glucose regulation on memory in the elderly. NEUROBIOL AGING 18(3) 297-304, 1997.-We examined changes in cognitive performance following the intake of a glucose (50 g) or saccharin solution (50 mg) in fasted elderly male and female subjects. Glucoregulation was estimated using a recovery index that was used to categorize subjects within each sex as having poor or good recovery. Elderly males with poor recovery performed worse on the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale and on the free recall or recognition parts of a word list task. The item analysis of the Logical Memory subtest showed that male subjects with poor recovery remembered less of the last items of the paragraphs after drinking saccharin while the first items were equally remembered by both groups. Glucose improved the performance of the males with good regulation for the first seven items while the performance of males with poor regulation decreased for those items under glucose. The present study support the notion that peripheral glucoregulation can influence memory performance and that the ingestion of glucose can influence certain aspects of memory functioning.
Insulin and cognitive function in an elderly population. The Rotterdam Study
Diabetes Care, 1997
OBJECTIVE -To examine the association between insulin and cognitive function in the population-based Rotterdam Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Serum insulin was measured 2 h after an oral glucose load, while global cognitive function was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination in 5,510 subjects, aged 55 years and over.
Glucose effects on declarative and nondeclarative memory in healthy elderly and young adults
Psychobiology, 1997
Peripheral glucose ingestion enhances performance on explicit declarative verbal memory tasks in healthy elderly people. In the present experiment, healthy young and elderly adults were administered glucose (50 g) or saccharin followed by tests of declarative verbal memory (free recall and recognition of a word list) and a nondeclarative priming test (word-stem completion). In the elderly, glucose significantly enhanced performance on the declarative but not on the nondeclarative portions of the test. Performance by the young subjects was equivalent in the glucose and saccharin conditions. These fmdings, that glucose enhances memory for a declarative/explicit but not nondeclarative/implicit task, support the notion that declarative and nondeclarative memory systems are separate functional and anatomic systems.