Factors Affecting Intention among Students to Be Vaccinated against A/H1N1 Influenza: A Health Belief Model Approach (original) (raw)
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Innovations in pharmacy, 2012
OBJECTIVES: 1) Assess participants' perceptions of severity, risk, and susceptibility to the novel H1N1 influenza virus and/or vaccine, vaccine benefits and barriers, and cues to action and 2) Identify predictors of participants' intention to receive the novel H1N1 vaccine. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study SETTING: Local grocery store chain and university in the central Virginia area PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of adult college students and grocery store patrons INTERVENTION: Participants filled out an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire based upon the Health Belief Model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' predictors of intention to receive the novel H1N1 vaccine RESULTS: A total of 664 participants completed a questionnaire. The majority of participants were aged 25-64 years old (66.9%). The majority were female (69.1%), Caucasian (73.7%), and felt at risk for getting sick from the virus (70.3%). Most disagreed that they would die from the virus...
INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 2023
To better prepare for a potential future pandemic, it is important to investigate factors that influenced responses to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors that influenced the decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost everyone throughout the world. Vaccines are a significant factor in managing a pandemic. As vaccines are developed, governments develop vaccine roll-out plans. Unfortunately, vaccine hesitancies can slow the implementation of any vaccine program. A question arises as to the factors that are associated with the decision to get vaccinated. The present study explored associations between vaccine hesitancy, and the Health Belief Model (HBM) in student samples from the Czech Republic, Israel, and the United States. From August, 2021 through December, 2021, an online survey was distributed in Czech, Hebrew, and English. A total of 447 participants completed the survey. A binomial logistic regression was conducted to ascertain the influence of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers on the likelihood that participants are vaccinated. Results revealed that the factors of perceived severity and perceived benefits explained 52.6% (Nagelkerke R 2) of the variance in vaccination. An analysis of Variance (ANOVA) found significant differences between countries for the 4 HBM factors. Based on these findings, it is recommended that policymakers put forth added emphasis on the severity of a virus and the benefits associated with the vaccine. Further, since there appears to be variability between countries in perceptions of the virus, and associated vaccine, governments should consider factors within their own environment when developing a strategy to combat a pandemic. More specifically, government could explore their own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as they develop a pandemic strategy. Additional practical and theoretical implications are discussed. Keywords COVID-19, health belief model, vaccine hesitancy, pandemic What do we already know about this topic? The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost everyone throughout the world. Vaccine hesitancy has been a challenge for healthcare systems and policymakers who work to mitigate the challenges of a pandemic. The global aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic has provided an environment to better understand the factors that influence the decision to get vaccinated. How does your research contribute to the field? The aim of the present study was to investigate factors that influenced the decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine. An analysis of a sample of college students from the Czech Republic, Israel, and the United States revealed similarities in perceptions of the severity of the virus, as well as the perceived benefits in relation to the decision to get vaccinated. In addition, results provide evidence as to the differences in the levels of perceptions relative to getting vaccinated. What are your research's implications toward theory, practice, or policy? Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic has been a significant global challenge. The present study provides evidence that policy makers should further promote the benefits of a vaccine and emphasize potential severity of the virus. In addition to highlighting the death rate of a virus, it may be prudent to highlight the severe and potentially long-term symptoms of a virus. Finally, the present study provides evidence of country-specific varying perceptions of susceptibly, severity, benefits, and barriers associated with a virus and vaccine. Rather than a global model for dealing with a virus, governments should consider their own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in creating an effective model to mitigate the virus.
Eurosurveillance, 2009
A cross-sectional telephone survey on a nationally representative sample of 1,000 Greek households was performed to assess the acceptability of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v vaccine, factors associated with intention to decline and stated reasons for declining vaccination. The survey was initiated the last week of August 2009 (week 35) and is still ongoing (analysis up to week 44). The percentage of participants answering they would "probably not/definitely not" accept the vaccine increased from 47.1% in week 35 to 63.1% in week 44 (test for trend: p<0.001). More than half of the people which chronic illnesses (53.3%) indicated "probably not/definitely not". Factors associated with intention to decline vaccination were female sex, age between 30-64 years, perception of low likelihood of getting infected or of low risk associated with influenza, and absence of household members suffering from chronic illnesses. For the majority of the respondents (59.8%), the main reason for intending to decline vaccination was the belief that the vaccine might not be safe. Promotion of vaccination programmes should be designed taking into account the attitudinal barriers to the pandemic vaccine.
Journal of Public Health, 2011
Aims (1) To determine undergraduate medical students' knowledge about and perceptions of influenza A (H1N1) infection, (2) to explore their willingness to be vaccinated, and (3) to identify variables that could predict the likelihood of taking the vaccination. Subject and methods A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 264 medical students was performed. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Summary statistics, Pearson chi-square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results A total of 264 undergraduate medical students were interviewed. All of them had heard of the influenza vaccine, but none had ever been vaccinated at the time of survey. Regarding mode of transmission, 38.3% had at least two misconceptions. Of them, 43% had willingness to be vaccinated. In the binary logistic model, willingness to be vaccinated was statistically significant with those who feared the resurgence of a pandemic influenza (p = 0.01), those who trusted that vaccination would be effective for prevention of a pandemic influenza (p = 0.045), and those who were worried for family (p = 0.03) and if the vaccination would be freely provided (p = 0.04). Conclusion The findings may be helpful for decision makers and health care planners as baseline information for designing wider coverage of newly implemented vaccination programs.
The Eurasian journal of medicine, 2014
The study aimed to determine the willingness to receive the Influenza A(H1N1) vaccine and its determinants in a large group of university students. This is a self-administered questionnairre based cross-sectional study. Students being educated at health and non-health faculties were invited to participate in this attitude survey. A total of 974 students were included in the study, of whom 51.3% (n=500) were in health related faculties. The rate of willingness to receive the Influenza A(H1N1) vaccine was 11.9 and 7.5% for health and non-health groups, respectively (p<0.05). For the health group, having been vaccined with seasonal influenza was a significant determinant of being willingness to receive the Influenza A(H1N1) vaccine (O.R [95% C.I.]), (O.R: 2.9 [1.5-5.6]) and to believe that the Influenza A(H1N1) vaccine prevents swine flu (O.R: 1.7 [1.09-2.8]). For the non-health group, the only determinant was to believe that Influenza A(H1N1) vaccine prevents from swine flu (O.R: 1...
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2021
Background: Vaccination is one of the interventions that can be employed to control coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The aim of this study is to identify factors that affect vaccination intention among health science students, by using the health belief model (HBM) as a theoretical framework. Methods: This study was undertaken in April 2021 using a convenience sample strategy among health science students in Tra Vinh University, which is a university in South Vietnam. Participants were required to complete the self-report questionnaire. All data were calculated by using STATA 14 software, to determine the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, along with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: A total of 412 eligible participants were taken part in the study, with a questionnaire response rate of 48.2%, reporting that 77.7% of participants intended to receive a COVID-19 vaccination when available. An overall score of knowledge was 7.8 ± 1.5 (range 0-10), a positive attitude toward vaccination including perceived susceptibility and severity (3.1 ± 0.7), perceived benefits (3.1 ± 0.7) and cues to action (4.0 ± 0.6). Determinants of willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccination included their field of education, knowledge and factors in HBM model including perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived benefits and cues to action (all p < 0.05). In contrast, perceived barriers had a negative association with the probability of vaccine acceptance (p < 0.05). The study did indicate a number of participants not willing to receive a vaccination due to, mainly, safety (67.4%), development issues (58.7%) and side effects (79.3%). Conclusion: The theoretical framework recognized factors that influence vaccine acceptance. These are considered evidence for the development of planning strategies to optimize the vaccination uptake and offer success in vaccination campaigns for both health science students and the general population.
Beliefs and attitudes towards the influenza vaccine in high-risk individuals
Epidemiology and Infection, 2017
SUMMARYSocietal and economic impact of influenza is mainly due to influenza infection of specific groups, who are at higher risk of health complications leading up to hospitalisation or death. In this study we applied the health belief model (HBM) to evaluate beliefs and attitudes towards influenza disease and vaccine in community-dwelling high-risk individuals (aged 65 or more or having a chronic disease). We conducted a mixed-method study using data collected through a telephone survey of a household unit sample. We used thematic analysis to map responses to HBM dimensions and Poisson regression to model vaccine non-uptake prevalence. The main self-reported reason not to take the vaccine referred to the susceptibility dimension: ‘considering oneself to be a healthy person’ (29·8%, (95% confidence interval (CI) 22·1–38·7)). Bad experiences after vaccination – barriers dimension – were also commonly reported (17·0%, (95% CI 10·8–23·8)). Vaccine non-uptake prevalence was 22% higher i...
BMJ Open, 2024
Objective Vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing infectious diseases, yet it is underused in young adults. College students are important targets for the influenza vaccine given this population’s low vaccination rates; however, limited research has focused on international college students’ vaccination status. This study examined the relationships between the theory of planned behaviour (TPB; attitudes, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and subjective norms) and students’ intention of receiving an influenza vaccine. Design, setting and participants A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 222 domestic students recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and 197 international students recruited through the Registrar’s Office at a Midwest university. Results International students had higher levels of PBC, intention and attitudes towards receiving an influenza vaccine compared with domestic students. Being Hispanic (β=−5.33; 95% CI −9.84 to −0.81, p=0.021), up-to- date vaccination status (β=−1.60; 95% CI −2.99 to −0.17, p=0.028) and identifying as smokers (β=−2.94; 95% CI −5.72 to −0.15, p=0.039) significantly lowered college students’ intention. Attitudes (international: β=0.14; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.23, p=0.003; domestic: β=0.14; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.22, p<0.001), subjective norms (international: β=0.40; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.51, p<0.001; domestic: β=0.34; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.44 p<0.001), and PBC (international: β=0.09; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.18, p=0.042; domestic: β=0.10; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.19, p=0.019) were significantly associated with both domestic and international students’ intention of receiving an influenza vaccine. Conclusion Findings support the TPB’s potential utility to enhance domestic and international college students’ influenza vaccination rates.
COVID-19 Vaccine Motivation, Willingness and Hesitancy of Health Majors University Students in Palestine, 2024
Background: The effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign hinges on the motivation and willingness of the general population to be vaccinated. The purpose of this research was to determine the motivation, willingness, and hesitancy of Al-Quds University students enrolled in health majors to get the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as to detect their attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed to target students in health majors at Al-Quds University during the first semester of 2023-2024, using a proportionate sample stratified by specialization and educational level. A self-reported questionnaire consisted of five main sections: sociodemographic details, information on attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19, attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination, degree of willingness and hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccine, and lastly, sources of knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccine. A linear logistic regression was performed to investigate associations between willingness and hesitancy to be vaccinated for COVID-19 and sociodemographic factors. Results: 66.1% of participants reported being very likely to get vaccinated against COVID-19, 22.8% were unsure, and 11.1% reported being very unlikely to be vaccinated. The major reason for vaccination hesitancy was insecurity due to the rapid development of the vaccine, concerns about COVID-19 vaccination, fear of needles, and distrust in vaccine against mutation. Whereas the essential reasons for vaccination motivation and acceptance ranged from fear of being infected with Covid-19, the desire to get back to normal life, and fear of transmitting the infection to family and others. Additionally, TV and radio were the main source of information regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion: This study showed a high reluctant level among university students in health majors against COVID-19 vaccines. Providing correct information to the public through independent health organizations that are not associated with the ruling authority, particularly to university students, on the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is highly recommended.