QoS-enabled Internet-on-train network architecture: inter-working by MMP-SCTP versus MIP (original) (raw)
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SCTP as mobility protocol for enhancing internet on the train
Internet-on-the-train is a rising concept in the last few years. Several trials in different countries have proved the feasibility of offering Internet access to train commuters, but none of them combines broadband access, scalability, seamless handover and quality of service guarantees in one solution. In this paper, we look at the features of SCTP and its extensions which could overcome these shortcomings and which were successfully demonstrated.
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The recent advent of high speed trains introduces new mobility patterns in wireless environments. The LTE-A (Long Term Evolution of 3GPP - Advanced) networks have largely tackled the Doppler effect problem in the physical layer and are able to keep wireless service with 100Mpbs throughput within a cell in speeds up to 350 km/h. Yet the much more frequent handovers across cells greatly increases the possibility of service interruptions, and the problem is prominent for multimedia communications that demand both high-throughput and continuous connections. In this paper, we present a novel LTE-based solution to support high throughput and continuous multimedia services for high speed train passengers. Our solution is based on a Cell Array that smartly organizes the cells along a railway, together with a femto cell service that aggregates traffic demands within individual train cabins. Given that the movement direction and speed of a high-speed train are generally known, our Cell Array effectively predicts the upcoming LTE cells in service, and enables a seamless handover that will not interrupt multimedia streams. To accommodate the extreme channel variations, we further propose a scheduling and resource allocation mechanism to maximize the service rate based on periodical signal quality changes. Our simulation under diverse network and railway/train configurations demonstrates that the proposed solution achieves much lower handover latency and higher data throughput, as compared to existing solutions. It also well resists to network and traffic dynamics, thus enabling uninterrupted quality multimedia services for passengers in high speed trains.
Access to Broadband Services on Trains
Provision of high speed Internet access on moving trains is a challenging task, recently addressed by several research projects and also network operators, resulting in different proprietary solutions involving different telecommunication technologies. Some solutions are being tested in pilot networks while there are already some in commercial operation. The most challenging aspect is the provision of (seemingly) uninterrupted service in all different sections of the railway line, including those with particularly unfavourable radio propagation environment such as valleys, dells and tunnels. As a consequence, the sole use of the 2G/3G access technologies such as GPRS, EDGE, UMTS/WCDMA or HSPA for the access to the broadband services on trains is inadequate both economically as well as technically in most countries. Thus, some rail operators are already offering high speed internet access based on hybrid solutions which are comprised of various wireless access technologies such as uni-or bi-directional satellite links, 2G/3G technologies, WiMAX and WiFi. In this paper we provide a brief overview of different technical solutions for provision of broadband access on trains, along with the most important providers, trials and commercial implementations, and discuss the feasibility of implementation of broadband service delivery on trains in Slovenia.
An implementation scheme of broadband train-ground internetworking with rapid mobile IP services
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2012 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), 2012
We developed a network platform that is responsible for an uninterrupted and seamless connectivity from the train to the wayside through heterogeneous wireless access technologies. However, limiting the offered services to only an onboard Internet is not a feasible business case. A viable one should extend to a broad spectrum of railway communication services like: train control, diagnostics, real time passenger information, entertainment, security CCTV surveillance etc. In a highly volatile environment (from the communication link point of view) such a fast moving train, it is neccesary to introduce prioritization among different traffic classes. This will implicitly determine under what conditions a certain flow should get suspended or dropped in order to preserve the flows of a higher priority as long as possible and to ensure that they meet their QoS demands. The first step towards this goal is data traffic differentiation.
2011 18th IEEE Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology in the Benelux (SCVT), 2011
Although Internet on the train and train to wayside communication in general becomes more and more available for train operators, there are still a lot of challenges for future research. We previously developed a network platform that is responsible for an uninterrupted and seamless connectivity from the train to the wayside through heterogeneous wireless access technologies. This paper mainly focuses on the concept for providing sufficient Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees in a dynamic train environment. Within this network platform, IPv6 strategies are adopted for QoS, exploiting multi-homing and intelligent aggregation techniques. The implementation that has been done in the Click Modular Router programming environment will also be presented in details. Index Terms-Click Modular Router, IPv6, railway, data traffic aggregation I. INTRODUCTION roviding a communication system between fast moving trains and the ground involves some major challenges [1]. These are mainly caused by a very dynamic behavior of communication channels due to high speed of a train. Most notable are Doppler shifts, variation in line-of-sight (LoS) between train and base stations, frequency selective fading, handover etc. They cause variations in conditions of communication channels that are both spacial and temporal. Additionally, limiting the offered services to only onboard Internet is not a feasible business case. A viable business case should extend to a broad spectrum of railway communication services like: train control, diagnostics, real time passenger information and entertainment, security services (CCTV surveillance) etc. P Previous research [2,4] suggested that three different types of wireless communication technologies (satellite links, wireless local area networks, mobile operator networks) can be used simultaneously to provide an uninterrupted and seamless connectivity between train and wayside. A typical scenario would be to use a satellite link as the main communication channel, with a backup in public 2G/3G networks when there is no LoS. WiFi communication would be used when the train is in a railway station. In order to guarantee a user friendly experience, it is
Mobile Service Continuity for Edge Train Networks
2019 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2019
In moving train networks, two-hop architecture is adopted to improve users experience by reducing the interaction between on-board users and base stations on the train route. In addition, edge networking have emerged as a solution for bringing services to the proximity of the users. However, deploying two-hop and edge networks do not guarantee a continuous service delivery for train users. When a large number of users transit from the train to the land, they experience service interruption due to control signalling storm and backhaul latency. In this paper, we propose a holistic edge service management system to provide mobile service continuity. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we develop an enhanced handover scheme that reduces control signals by handling user mobility at the edge. Second, we develop a pre-copy migration scheme that eliminates backhaul latency by relocating containerized applications to the user proximity across edge train networks. Our experimental results show that the two proposed solution can reduce the control signals and migration downtime by 50% and 36%, respectively.