Fitolitkutatási adatok a Hódmezővásárhely-Kopáncs II. lelőhely (Csongrád megye) környezeti rekonstrukciójához és archaeobotanikai elemzéséhez. (original) (raw)
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2020
The Kakucs-Turján archaeological site was investigated by a Polish-Hungarian-German research team of archaeologists and various specialists. This volume explores the plant economy of Early and Middle Bronze Age Kakucs-Turján based on systematically sampled macrobotanical remains. The study provides a comprehensive consideration of the plant-related activities and (post-)depositional processes that have contributed to the formation of the charred deposits, and it considers the character of the plant-food economy (cultivation, processing, storage, etc.) that was practiced by the inhabitants. The results emphasise the importance of a detailed consideration of site-formation processes in macrobotanical studies of stratified settlements, and further illustrate the unique character of the crop spectrum of this particular Vatya community.
Two kurgans located on the Great Hungarian Plain, the Csı´po +and Lyukas-mound, have been examined in precise detail with the involvement of experts of various disciplines. International cooperation enhanced research on the biogenic genesis of soils and landscapes. The aim was to elucidate the construction of both mound bodies, to describe modern soil development, to analyse the buried soils under the kurgans, and to reconstruct the palaeoenvironments of their surroundings, utilizing biomorphic analysis and pedological investigations. The results of the biomorph (phytolith) analysis and the soil macromorphological descriptions indicate that both the modern and palaeo profiles of both kurgans include Chernozem-type soils, formed under predominantly semi-arid steppe vegetation. No evidence of Luvisol development was detectable. The ancient environments of both kurgans were similar in many points with the modern landscape, and development was determined by climate and vegetation typical for steppe environments. r
Bánffy, E. ed. The Environmental History of the Prehistoric Sárköz Region in southern Hungary, 187-2019 , 2020
As aptly noted by Kalicz et al. (2007, 20), the current state of archaeobotanical research on the Neolithic in Hungary makes it difficult to draw any final conclusions (Tempir 1964; see also Gyulai 2007; 2010). Therefore, the DFG project “Die Besiedlungsgeschichte der Siedlungskammer um Fajsz (Kom. Bács-Kiskun, Südungarn) in der Ältesten Bandkeramik” (2006 – 2010) as well as the excavations ahead of the construction of the Hungarian M6 motorway (Bánffy et al. 2010; 2014; Osztás et al. 2016, and further contributions in the same volume) provided an excellent opportunity to start systematic archaeobotanical investigations in the Sárköz region for the first time. Of the four excavated sites in the Sárköz region, the samples comprise plant remains dating to the Neolithic and, although to a lesser extent, to the Bronze Age (the latter included here for the sake of completeness only). This study reviews and discusses the fully archived and assessed quantitative data with the ArboDat 2016 archaeobotanical database program.
New Results from the Prehistoric Archaeological Research in the 3rd District of Budapest
Hungarian Archaeology 2018/Winter, 2018
The Roman Period ruins of Aquincum, still visible in many places, are the first to come to mind when thinking about archaeological remains in the 3rd district of the capital, i.e., Óbuda. Besides these, sites of numerous archaeological cultures from every major historical period are known in this quite varied and diverse landscape. The settlements in most of the cases form clusters in geographical locations providing the most favorable conditions for inhabitation, thus creating archaeological sites where the records of individual periods are often found layered atop one another. The archaeological excavations and monitoring work on these sites, carried out during the past years by the Budapest History Museum, were in several cases completed by interdisciplinary, environmental archaeological examinations either as part of the excavations or in independent projects. In our brief report we would like to present the latest results of our research performed on three multilayer prehistoric sites in Óbuda.
2019
Complex archeozoological, environmental historical and geoarchaeological results are presented from archeological sites of Rákóczifalva-Bagi-föld and Rákóczifalva-Rokkant-föld in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County. In this area several hectares of archeological excavations uncovered masses of Gepida settlement features around two oxbow lakes. According to geoarcheological and environmental historical analyses a model for local settling and lifestyle strategies of the Gepid communities can be reconstructed. Based on the results of the digital relief model, maps, historical maps and analysis of geoarchaeological drillings, the Bagi-földek are located on a deeper and younger alluvial surface with good water supply and are connected to the development of the Tisza River, while the Rokkant-földek are located on an older residual surface and are rising above the alluvium of the Tisza River. The Gepid communities settled on a point bar system located on the high-floodplain and low floodplain in a semi-circular, semi-peninsula-like protected area. These surfaces provided different farming possibilities for the Gepid communities of the Migration Period: the utilization of the gallery forest, gatherings in the area of the forests and floodplain, fishing and hunting, extensive animal husbandry on the higher, drier areas and plant cultivation around the settlements and houses. According to our data, the inhabitants of the excavated Gepid settlement fully utilized the Tisza valley environment for food production on an organic (nonindustrial) level (Sólymos, 1995), or in the Anthropocene I. horizon (e.g. Crutzen & Stoermer 2000; Steffen et al. 2011) during the Migration Period in the 6 th century. The environment occupied by the Gepid community, the floodplain islands and residual surfaces in the Tisza Valley was inhabited from the early Neolithic. The exploitation of their environment, from settlement strategy to gathering, has a similar system as in the case of the Gepid settlement we have described. Our publication is a precursor to a comprehensive work with archaeologists, so we did not aim to analyze the individual cultures in detail from the perspective of environmental history and archaeology. We plan to do that together with the archaeologists who carry out the archaeological excavations. As a result, our article deals specifically with the settlement, geoarchaeological, bioarchaeological, and above all, archaeozoological analysis of the Gepid communities. Kivonat Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok megyei Rákóczifalva-Bagi-földeken és Rákóczifalva-Rokkant-földeken végzett több hektárra is kiterjedő régészeti ásatások során feltárt, két holtág körül található gepida leletekhez kapcsolódó komplex archeozoológiai, régészeti geológiai és környezettörténeti vizsgálatok eredményeit mutatjuk be publikációnkban. A rákóczifalvi gepida lelőhelyek geoarcheológiai és környezettörténeti elemzése nyomán egy modellt adhatunk a gepida közösségek megtelepedési stratégiájára és életmódjára. A digitális domborzati modell, a térképek és a történelmi térképek, a földtani fúrások geoarcheológiai vizsgálati eredményei alapján a Bagi-földek egy jó vízellátású, mélyebb és fiatalabb, a Tisza folyó fejlődéséhez kapcsolódó alluviális felszínen helyezkedik el, míg a Rokkant-földek az allúvium fölé emelkedő idősebb maradványfelszínen. A vizsgált területen megtelepedő gepida közösségek így a magas ártéren és az alacsony ártéren található, félkörívben,
Archeovest V1 – In Honorem Doina Benea Interdisciplinariate ȋn Archeologie şi Istorie, Asoia ția Archeovest, 2017
Editor: Sorin FORȚIU (cu mulțumiri pentru ajutorul punctual acordat lui Andrei STAVILĂ, Cristian OPREAN, Adrian CÎNTAR și Simona REGEP) Coordonator: Dorel MICLE DVD-ROM: Adrian CÎNTAR WEB: Sorin FORȚIU și Claudiu TOMA Coperta: Alice DUMITRAȘCU Foto copertă: Tudor VREME-MOSER, http://ideatm.ro/wordpress/ Această lucrarea a apărut sub egida: © ArheoVest, Timișoara, 2017 Președinte Lorena SMADU www.arheovest.com ISBN 978-963-315-358-1 (Összes/General) ISBN 978-963-315-359-8 (I. kötet/volumul) Avertisment: Acest volum digital este o imagine cât se poate de fidelă a celui tipărit.
The results of archaeobotanical research at the pile-dwellings of Strojanova voda and Maharski prekop are presented. The Eneolithic sites are located at the southeastern part of the Ljubljansko barje marshes, Slovenia and are dated to around the mid-4 th millennium BC. The methodological approaches to archaeobotanical research at the two sites vary considerably. At Strojanova voda, profile sampling was carried out in 2012. Waterlogged archaeobotanical samples were treated and examined with fine wet sieving in the laboratory. At the Maharski prekop, the samples were surface sampled in 2005. Large quantities of sediment samples from the cultural layer were rough washed over sieves on the field; organic fractions caught on the sieves were dried and then examined. In addition to methodological applications, some common conclusions about the nutrition habits of the Eneolithic pile-dwellers can be made on the basis of the results of both studies. In addition to gathering edible wild plants, especially forest fruits and nuts, the inhabitants also grew einkorn, emmer, barley, peas, opium poppy and flax, and possibly also turnip. At Strojanova voda, numerous remains of crushed red dogwood seeds/fruits were found. Red dogwood is a plant with inedible fruits, the purpose of which is still being explored. Plant remains also contribute to the reconstruction of ecological conditions in the immediate vicinity of pile-dwellings.