Substance use patterns among first-year college students: Secondary effects of a combined alcohol intervention (original) (raw)
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Marijuana use in the context of alcohol interventions for mandated college students
Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2017
Concurrent use of marijuana and alcohol among college students is highly prevalent and associated with negative consequences. It remains unclear whether marijuana use is influenced by or lessens the efficacy of alcohol interventions delivered within a stepped-care approach. Participants were 530 college students who violated campus alcohol policy and were mandated to an alcohol-focused brief advice (BA) session. Participants who reported continued risky alcohol use (4+ heavy drinking episodes and/or 5+ alcohol-related consequences in the past month) six weeks following the BA session were randomized to a brief motivational intervention (BMI; n=211) or assessment only (AO; n=194) condition. Follow-up assessments were conducted 3, 6, and 9months' post-intervention. Multiple regression analyses revealed that marijuana user status did not influence drinking outcomes following the BA session. However, hierarchical linear models suggested that marijuana users who were randomized to BM...
Indicated prevention for college student marijuana use: A randomized controlled trial
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2013
Objective-Marijuana is the most frequently reported illicit substance used on college campuses. Despite the prevalence, few published intervention studies have focused specifically on addressing high-risk marijuana use on college campuses. The present study evaluated the efficacy of an inperson brief motivational enhancement intervention for reducing marijuana use and related consequences among frequently using college students. Method-Participants included 212 college students from two campuses who reported frequent marijuana use (i.e., using marijuana at least 5 times in the past month). Participants completed web-based screening and baseline assessments and upon completion of the baseline survey were randomized to either receive an in-person brief intervention or an assessment control group. Follow-up assessments were completed approximately three and six months post-baseline. Marijuana use was measured by number of days used in the last 30 days, typical number of joints used in a typical week in the last 60 days, and marijuana-related consequences. Results-Results indicated significant intervention effects on number of joints smoked in a typical week and a trend toward fewer marijuana-related consequences compared to the control group at three-month follow-up. Conclusion-This study provides preliminary data on short-term effects of a focused marijuana intervention for college students at reducing marijuana use during the academic quarter.
Are there secondary effects on marijuana use from brief alcohol interventions for college students?
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2015
This study examined whether brief motivational interventions (BMIs) designed for reducing heavy drinking among college students have secondary effects on reducing marijuana use. The data came from Project INTEGRATE, which combined data from 24 independent trials of BMIs and other individual-focused interventions designed to reduce heavy drinking and related problems among college students. We analyzed data from 10 samples across nine studies that used random assignment of participants into either a BMI or a control group and assessed marijuana use outcomes (N = 6,768; 41.5% men; 73.2% White; 57.7% first-year students; 19.2% current marijuana users at baseline). We derived three marijuana use groups within studies by cross-tabulating baseline and follow-up data: Nonusers, Reducers, and Stayers/Increasers. Peto's one-step odds ratio analyses for meta-analysis revealed no significant intervention effects on marijuana use at either short-term (1-3 month) or long-term (6-12 month) fo...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2009
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine whether a universal school-based substance abuse prevention program, Take Charge of Your Life (TCYL), prevents or reduces the use of tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana. Methods: Eighty-three school clusters (representing school districts) from six metropolitan areas were randomized to treatment (41) or control (42) conditions. Using active consenting procedures, 19,529 seventh graders were enrolled in the 5-year study. Self-administered surveys were completed by the students annually. Trained Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) police officers presented TCYL in seventh and ninth grades in treatment schools. Analyses were conducted with data from 17,320 students who completed a baseline survey. Intervention outcomes were measured using self-reported past-month and past-year use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana when students were in the 11th grade. Results: Main effect analyses show a negative program effect for use of alcohol and cigarettes and no effect for marijuana use. Subgroup analyses indicated that the negative effect occurred among nonusers at baseline, and mostly among white students of both genders. A positive program effect was found for students who used marijuana at baseline. Two complementary papers explore the relationship of the targeted program mediators to the use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana and specifically for students who were substance-free or who used substances at baseline. Conclusions: The negative impact of the program on baseline nonusers of alcohol and tobacco indicate that TCYL should not be delivered as a universal prevention intervention. The finding of a beneficial effect for baseline marijuana users further supports this conclusion. The programmatic and methodological challenges faced by the Adolescent Substance Abuse Prevention Study (ASAPS) and lessons learned offer insights for prevention researchers who will be designing similar randomized field trials in the future.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2009
Objective: The current study is a multisite randomized alcohol prevention trial to evaluate the effi cacy of both a parenting handbook intervention and the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) intervention, alone and in combination, in reducing alcohol use and consequences among a high-risk population of matriculating college students (i.e., former high school athletes). Method: Students (n = 1,275) completed a series of Web-administered measures at baseline (in the summer before starting college) and follow-up (after 10 months). Students were randomized to one of four conditions: parent intervention only, BASICS only, combined (parent and BASICS), and assessment-only control. Intervention effi cacy was tested on a number of outcome measures, including peak blood alcohol concentration, weekly and weekend drinking, and negative consequences. Hypothesized mediators and moderators of intervention effect were tested. Results:
Evaluating two brief substance-use interventions for mandated college students
Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 2006
Objective: This study evaluated two brief personal feedback substance-use interventions for students mandated to the Rutgers University Alcohol and Other Drug Assistance Program for Students (ADAPS): (1) a brief motivational interview (BMI) intervention and (2) a written feedback-only (WF) intervention. A key question addressed by this study was whether there is a need for face-to-face feedback in the context of motivational interviewing to affect changes in substanceuse behaviors or whether a written personal feedback profile is enough of an intervention to motivate students to change their substance use. Method: The sample consisted of 222 students who were mandated to ADAPS, were eligible for the study, and completed the 3-month follow-up assessment. Eligible students completed a baseline assessment from which a personal feedback profile was created. They were then randomly assigned to the BMI or WF condition. Students were followed 3 months later. Results: Students in both interventions reduced their al-
College Student Drug Prevention: A Review of Individually-Oriented Prevention Strategies
Journal of Drug Issues, 2005
Thie current paper tjightigtits ttie cotlege years as a risk period for development, continuation, and escatation of itticit substance use and substance use disorders and reviews the literature related to the prevention and treatment of these disorders in college populations. Despite widespread Implementation of college drug prevention programs, a review of the literature reveals few controlled trials targeting this population. However, alcohol prevention has been extensively studied, and many efficacious inten/entions for college drinking share theoretical and methodological underpinnings with interventions shown to be efficacious in drug prevention and treatment with other populations (I.e., school-based prevention, adolescent and adult drug treatment). These inten/entions could be adapted to target drug prevention on college campuses. Barriers to implementation and evaluation of these inten/entions on campus are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research and programmatic directions.
Patterns of alcohol use and marijuana use among students at 2- and 4-year institutions
Journal of American college health : J of ACH, 2018
The objective of this study was to understand substance use patterns of alcohol, marijuana, and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) among 2- and 4-year college students. Participants were 526 young adults aged 18-23 (n = 355 4-year students; n = 171 2-year students) recruited from February 2015 to January 2016 who were participating in a larger longitudinal study. Latent class analysis was used to identify past-month classes of alcohol, marijuana, and SAM use. Among both 2- and 4-year students, a four-class solution yielded the best-fitting model, with 2-year classes tending to include greater marijuana use and less alcohol use and 4-year classes tending to include heavy alcohol use. Demographic characteristics were largely similar across classes. Classes of alcohol, marijuana, and SAM use differed by education status. Screening and prevention efforts for 4-year students may need to be tailored for the needs of 2-year students.
2009
Little is known about individual and situational factors that moderate the efficacy of Personalized Feedback Interventions (PFIs). Mandated college students (N = 348) were randomly assigned to either a PFI delivered in the context of a brief motivational interview (BMI; n = 180) or a written PFI only (WF) condition and followed up at 4 months and 15 months post-intervention. We empirically identified heterogeneous subgroups utilizing mixture modeling analysis based on heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related problems. The four identified groups were dichotomized into an improved (53.4%) and a non-improved (46.6%) group. Logistic regression results indicated that the BMI was no more efficacious than the WF across all mandated students. However, mandated students who experienced a serious incident requiring medical or police attention and those with higher levels of alcohol-related problems at baseline benefited more from the BMI than from the WF. It may be an efficacious and cost-effective approach to provide a written PFI for low-risk mandated students and an enhanced PFI with a BMI for those who experience a serious incident or with higher baseline alcohol-related problems. Keywords alcohol; college students; brief intervention; personalized feedback intervention; evidence-based treatment Over 40% of college students report heavy episodic drinking (HED) at least once in the past two weeks and over 20% report HED three or more times in the past two weeks (Wechsler, Lee, Kuo, Seibring, Nelson, & Lee, 2002). Consequences of excessive drinking among college students include injuries, motor vehicle accidents, unprotected sex, sexual victimization, academic problems, health problems, suicide attempts, destructive behavior, and police involvement (Engs, Diebold,
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use Among First-Year U.S. College Students: A Time Series Analysis
Substance Use & Misuse, 2008
The present study sought to evaluate the day-to-day patterns of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use among first year college students in the U.S. Using 210 days of weekly time-line follow-back diary data collected in 2002-2003, the authors examined within-person patterns of use. The sample was 48% female and 90% Caucasian. Sixty eight percent of the participants were permanent residents of Indiana. Univariate time series analysis was employed to evaluate behavioral trends for each substance across the academic year and to determine the predictive value of day-to-day substance use. Some of the most common trends included higher levels of substance use at the beginning and/ or end of the academic year. Use on any given day could be predicted best from the amount of corresponding substance use one day prior.