Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners (original) (raw)
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Journal of sports science & medicine, 2008
The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of sodium citrate ingestion on the metabolic response to exercise and performance in a 1500-m competitive run in trained female middle-distance runners in field conditions. Seventeen athletes (mean (± SD) aged 18.6 ± 2.5 years, VO2max 55.2 ± 7.6 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) competed in two 1500-m races following ingestion of 0.4 g·kg(-1) body mass of sodium citrate (CIT) and placebo (PLC - 1.0% solution of NaCl). The two substances, CIT and PLC were administered in 800 ml of solution in a randomly assigned double-blind crossover manner. Capillary blood samples were analysed for lactate, glucose, haemoglobin and haematocrit before administering the solutions (baseline) as well as before and after both 1500-m races. The athletes' times for trials CIT and PLC were 321.4 ± 26.4 and 317.4 ± 22.5 s, respectively (p > 0.05). A greater relative increase in plasma volume after administering the experimental solution, an increased body mass (by ...
Impact of acute sodium citrate ingestion on endurance running performance in a warm environment
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014
=-0.09) were similar (P > 0.05) in the two trials. Postexercise blood lactate concentration was higher (P < 0.001) in CIT (11.05 ± 3.22 mmol L −1) compared to PLC trial (8.22 ± 2.64 mmol L −1). Ratings of perceived exertion, fatigue and thermal sensation did not differ in the two trials (P > 0.05). Conclusion Acute CIT ingestion induces alkalosis, water retention, plasma volume expansion and an increase in post-exercise blood lactate concentration, but does not improve 5,000-m running performance in a warm environment in non-heat-acclimated endurance-trained males.
The effects of sodium citrate ingestion on metabolism and physical performance capacity
2007
High-intensity exercise is associated with the accumulation of lactate and hydrogen ions (H+) within active muscle and blood. The rise in the concentration of H+ (fall in pH) induces fatigue. Ingestion of sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate has been shown to increase blood pH and HCO3 – concentration and to facilitate the efflux of intracellular lactate and H+ from contracting muscle cells. This, in turn, may delay the fall in intramuscular pH to the critical level, postpone the development of fatigue and improve performance during intense exercise. Unfortunately, ingestion of sodium bicarbonate induces gastrointestinal distress in many subjects. On the other hand, it is believed that sodium citrate administration has all the benefits of sodium bicarbonate without the associated negative side effects. However, analysis of the literature reveals that the possible ergogenic effect of sodium citrate has been assessed in sport-specific time-trials in very few studies and the results ar...
Acute versus chronic supplementation of sodium citrate on 200 m performance in adolescent swimmers
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014
Background: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over design was used to investigate whether two different sodium citrate dihydrate (Na-CIT) supplementation protocols improve 200 m swimming performance in adolescent swimmers. Methods: Ten, male swimmers (14.9 ± 0.4 years of age; 63.5 ± 4 kg) performed four 200 m time trials with the following treatments: acute (ACU) supplementation (0.5 g kg −1 administered 120 min pre-trial), acute placebo (PLC-A), chronic (CHR) supplementation (0.1 g : kg −1 for three days and 0.3 g kg −1 on the forth day 120 min pre-trial), and chronic placebo (PLC-C). The order of the trials was randomized, with at least a six-day wash-out period between trials. Blood samples were collected by finger prick pre-ingestion, 100 min post-ingestion, and 3 min post-trial. Performance time, rate of perceived exertion, pH, base excess, bicarbonate and lactate concentration were measured.
Influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks on marathon running performance
1995
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of drinking two carbohydrate (CHO) electrolyte solutions and water on marathon running performance. Seven endurance-trained runners completed three 42.2-km treadmill time-trials which were randomly assigned and 4 weeks apart. On each occasion the subjects ingested 3 ml · Kg−1 body weight of either water (W), a 6.9% CHO solution (O) or a 5.5% CHO solution (L) immediately prior to the start of the run and 2 ml · kg−1 body weight every 5 km thereafter. The total volume of fluid ingested [mean (SEM)] was 1112 (42), 1116 (44) and 1100 (44) ml, respectively. Running times for W, O and L trials were 193.9 (5.0), 192.4 (3.3) and 190.0 (3.9) min, respectively. Performance time for the L trial was faster (P < 0.05) compared with that of the W trial. Running speed was maintained in the L trial, whereas it decreased after 10 km (P < 0.05) in the W and after 25 km (P < 0.05) in the O trial. Blood glucose and lactate, and hormonal responses to fluid ingestion were similar in all three trials. Higher plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations were observed at the end of the W trial compared with those obtained after the O and L trials, respectively (P < 0.05). Plasma ammonia concentration was higher (P < 0.01) at the end of the L trial compared with the W trial. Plasma creatine kinase concentration was higher (P < 0.05) 24 h after the completion of the L trial than after the W trial. This study shows that the ingestion of a 5.5% CHO solution improves marathon running performance.
Effects of Ingestion of Bicarbonate, Citrate, Lactate, and Chloride on Sprint Running
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2004
Ingestion of sodium bicarbonate is known to enhance sprint performance, probably via increased buffering of intracellular acidity. The goal was to compare the effect of ingestion of sodium bicarbonate with that of other potential buffering agents (sodium citrate and sodium lactate) and of a placebo (sodium chloride) on sprinting. Methods: In a double-blind randomized crossover trial, 15 competitive male endurance runners performed a run to exhaustion 90 min after ingestion of each of the agents in the same osmolar dose relative to body mass (3.6 mosmol•kg Ϫ1) on separate days. The agents were packed in gelatin capsules and ingested with 750 mL of water over 90 min. During each treatment we assayed serial finger-prick blood samples for lactate and bicarbonate. A familiarization trial was used to set a treadmill speed for each runner's set of runs. We converted changes in run time between treatments into changes in a time trial of similar duration using the critical-power model, and we estimated likelihood of practical benefit using 0.5% as the smallest worthwhile change in time-trial performance. Results: The mean run times to exhaustion for each treatment were: bicarbonate 82.3 s, lactate 80.2 s, citrate 78.2 s, and chloride 77.4 s. Relative to bicarbonate, the effects on equivalent time-trial time were lactate 1.0%, citrate 2.2%, and chloride 2.7% (90% likely limits Ϯ2.1%). Ingested lactate and citrate both appeared to be converted to bicarbonate before the run. There were no substantial differences in gut discomfort between the buffer treatments. Conclusion: Bicarbonate is possibly more beneficial to sprint performance than lactate and probably more beneficial than citrate or chloride. We recommend ingestion of sodium bicarbonate to enhance sprint performance.
Experimental Physiology, 1997
Feeding a high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet and administration of alkalinizing agents have both been shown to improve performance in high-intensity exercise. The effect of these treatments in combination was investigated in the present study. Six healthy male subjects exercised to exhaustion on an electrically braked cycle ergometer at a power output equivalent to 100% of their maximum oxygen uptake (VOµ,max) on four separate occasions. Each subject consumed either a diet with the same composition as his normal diet (termed the experimental normal (N) diet; 54 ± 7% CHO, 13 ± 2% protein, 33 ± 7% fat) or a high-CHO diet (81 ± 2% CHO, 13 ± 2% protein, 6 ± 1% fat) that had the same energy and protein content for the 3 days prior to the exercise tests. Subjects then ingested either a placebo (CaCO×) or trisodium citrate (0•3 g (kg body mass)¢) 3 h before exercise. Time to fatigue was not different between experimental conditions. Consumption of the high-CHO diet had no effect on blood acid-base status, but the ingestion of sodium citrate induced a mild metabolic alkalosis after both the N diet and the high-CHO diet. This alkalinizing effect was also evident after exercise, since blood pH, plasma bicarbonate and blood base excess were higher (P < 0•05) after the ingestion of sodium citrate than under the placebo conditions. The changes in blood lactate, pyruvate and glucose and plasma glycerol after exercise were similar for all experimental conditions. Blood lactate, glucose and pyruvate and plasma glycerol concentrations increased from resting values (P < 0•01) following exercise but this increase was similar under all experimental conditions. These data demonstrate that when the energy and protein content of the diets is the same, exercise capacity and the metabolic response to intense exercise are similar following consumption either of a high-CHO diet or a more normal diet. Acute ingestion of sodium citrate prior to exercise resulted in a reduction in post-exercise acidosis despite a blood lactate concentration that was similar to that observed after the ingestion of a placebo, but did not affect exercise performance under the conditions of this study. introduction Consumption of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, high-protein diet over several days has been shown to induce a mild metabolic acidosis and to impair the performance of high-intensity exercise of a few minutes duration (Maughan & Poole, 1981; Greenhaff, Gleeson & Maughan, 1987a, 1988c; Greenhaff, Gleeson, Whiting & Maughan, 1987b). Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that the acute reversal of the diet-induced acidosis by administration of sodium bicarbonate does not restore exercise capacity under these conditions (Ball, Greenhaff
Effect of carbohydrate intake on half-marathon performance of well-trained runners
International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 2005
Eighteen highly-trained runners ran two half marathons in mild environmental conditions, 3 wk apart, consuming either 426 +/- 227 mL of a flavored placebo drink (PLACEBO) or an equivalent volume of water (386 +/- 185 mL) and a commercial gel (GEL) supplying 1.1 +/- 0.2 g/kg body mass (BM) carbohydrate (CHO). Voluntary consumption of this fluid was associated with a mean BM change of approximately 2.4%. Runners performed better in their second race by 0.9% or 40 s (P = 0.03). Three runners complained of gastrointestinal discomfort in GEL trial, which produced a clear impairment of half-marathon performance by 2.4% or 105 s (P=0.03). The effect of GEL on performance was trivial: time was improvedby 0.3% or 14 s compared with PLACEBO (P = 0.52). Consuming the gel was associated with a 2.4% slower time through the 2 x 200 m feed zone; adding a trivial approximately 2 s to race time. Although benefits to half marathon performance were not detected, the theoretical improvement during 1-h ...
International journal of sport nutrition
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a carbohydrateelectrolyte solution, ingested during exercise, with the effects of a preexercise carbohydrate meal on endurance running performance. Ten endurance-trained males completed two 30-km treadmill runs. In one trial subjects consumed a placebo solution 4 hr before exercise and a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution immediately before exercise and every 5 km (C). In the other trial, subjects consumed a 4-hr preexercise high-carbohydrate meal and water immediately before exercise and every 5 km (M). Performance times were identical for M and C, and there was no difference in the self-selected speeds. Oxygen uptake, heart rates, perceived rate of exertion, and respiratory exchange ratios were also similar. However, blood glucose concentration was higher in C during the first 20 km of the 30-km run. In M, blood glucose concentration was maintained above 4.5 mmol . L-' throughout exercise. Thus, the two conditions produced the same 30-km treadmill running performance time.