Benign Cartilaginous Tumors of Bone (original) (raw)
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Cytogenetic findings in benign cartilaginous neoplasms
Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 2003
Cytogenetic analysis has improved our understanding of the histopathogenesis of many benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, as well as served as an important diagnostic adjunct for these pathologic entities. Cytogenetic reports of benign cartilaginous tumors, however, are relatively few. This is unfortunate, as distinguishing benign and malignant cartilaginous neoplasms can often be difficult. In this study, the cytogenetic findings of two enchondromas, two periosteal chondromas, and one soft part chondroma and a review of the literature are reported. Abnormal diploid or near-diploid clones were detected in all specimens analyzed. Although a tumor-specific anomaly did not emerge from these studies, involvement of certain chromosomes/chromosomal regions appears recurrent.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2015
The autosomal dominant condition multiple osteochondromas, formerly called multiple hereditary exostoses, is associated with a risk of malignant progression of osteochondroma into secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma. Most patients with multiple osteochondromas have exostosin-1 or exostosin-2 gene mutations. To our knowledge, it has not been previously reported that patients may also harbor intraosseous (central) chondroid neoplasms, enchondromas, or atypical chondroid tumors or central chondrosarcomas. The combination of osteochondroma and enchondromas also exists in patients with metachondromatosis, a disorder associated with a protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 gene mutation. This study aims to establish any correlation between multiple osteochondromas and intraosseous cartilaginous neoplasms. We retrospectively reviewed all histologically proven intraosseous atypical chondroid tumors or chondrosarcomas in our prospective nationwide Dutch tertiary referral multiple ...
Pathology of primary malignant bone and cartilage tumours
International Orthopaedics, 2006
Bone-and cartilage-forming tumours (osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas) are rare malignant neoplasms. These tumours are clinically aggressive and often need extensive local and/or systemic treatment. Whereas no other treatment but surgery is currently available for chondrosarcomas, osteosarcomas show an approximately 50-80%
Secondary Chondrosarcoma in Osteochondroma: Report of 107 Patients
Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, 2003
Secondary chondrosarcomas are rare; recognition and diagnosis are difficult. Slow growth and late recurrence require long-term followup to understand the clinical course. In the current study, 107 patients had secondary chondrosarcoma arising in a solitary osteochondroma (61 patients) or multiple exostoses (46 patients). All histologic slides were reviewed without knowledge of the outcome, and radiologic studies were available for review in 71 cases. Patients with secondary chondrosarcoma were one to two decades younger than those with primary chondrosarcoma. Male preponderance and a predilection for flat bones were observed. The radiologic signs of sarcomatous degeneration included irregularity of the margin, inhomogeneous mineralization, and an associated soft tissue mass. The tumors generally were well-differentiated. Only 10 tumors were classified as Grade 2. Five-year and 10-year local recurrence rates were 15.9% and 17.5%, respectively, and 5-and 10-year mortality rates were 1.6% and 4.8% for patients having initial treatment at the authors' institution. Metastasis developed in five patients: in the lung in four patients and in the groin region in one patient. Most patients who died of tumor died of local recurrence. Wide excision had the lowest local recurrence rate. With successful surgical treatment, patients may have long-term diseasefree survival.
Ultrastructure of benign cartilaginous tumors of intraosseous origin
Human Pathology, 1979
The tfltrastructure of chonclroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and enchondroma is described. In chondroblastoma the tumor cells often show nuclear indentations and a thick nuclear fibrous lamina, and have features indicative of poorly differentiated cartilaginous ceils. Chondroblastoma is a tumor thought to arise fl'ont immature cllondrocytes related to tile epiphyseal cartilage. In chondromyxoid fibroma the cells are pleomorphic with irregular cell processes and scalloping of the cell membrane. The nuclei are also often indented and demonstrate the presence of-a thick nuclear fibrous lamina. The matrix consists of proteoglycan granules and fine fibrils. The large bizarre atypical cells often seen in this tumor, except for their size, do not differ from the typical cells." Chondromyxoid fibroma arises from cells related to the epiphyseal cartilage and demonstrates moderate degrees of cartilaginous differentiatioh. The close relationship between chondromyxoid fibroma and chondroblastoJna is emphasized. The nuclear irregularities and the presence of a thick fibrou.s lathina are features shared by these two lesions. The tumor ceils of enchondroma have features of well differentiated cartilage, and the pericellular matrix tends to be sparse around most cells. In addition to proteoglycan granules and fine fibrils, the matrix contains many dense membrane bound bodies. Numerous tumor cells undergoing necrosis are noted. Studies comparing enchondroma and well differentiated chondrosarcoma show no morphologic differences and both tunaors have similar features. Tile application of electron microscopy does not provide pathognomonic feattu-es to distinguish between these lesions. However, it helps to correlate the uhrastructural findings with light nficroscopy.
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 2009
Background: To identify the different and identical features of 2 tumors with similar pathologic findings, chondroblastic osteosarcoma (OGS) and chondrosarcoma (CSA), with highlights on radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Ten patients with chondroblastic OGS and 10 patients with CSA were enrolled. After recording the tumor location, tumor morphology was evaluated for patterns of bony destruction, visible tumor matrix, and aggressive periosteal reactions, endosteal scalloping, cortical expansion, cortical breakthrough and pathologic fracture by radiographic analysis. Signal intensity changes, enhancement pattern, and tumor extensions were evaluated by MRI. Results: The mean patient ages were 24.7 and 56.7 years in patients with chondroblastic OGS and CSA, respectively (p = 0.001). Tumor occurrence was detected in the appendicular bones in 8 chondroblastic OGS and 3 CSA. Three chondroblastic OGS occurred around the knee (p = 0.003). In addition, there were 6 tumors arising from the metaphysis and 2 arising from the diaphysis in chondroblastic OGS patients. In CSA patients, 1 tumor arose in the metaphysis, 1 in the diaphysis, and 1 in the epiphysis (p = 0.039). On radiographs, visible bone-forming tumor matrix was present in 8 chondroblastic OGS, and coexistence of bone-and cartilage-forming patterns were detected in 2. Visible cartilage-forming tumor matrix was present in 7 CSA, and atypical radiodensity patterns were detected in 2 (p < 0.001). Aggressive periosteal reaction was present in 7 chondroblastic OGS, and non-aggressive periosteal reaction was found in 1 CSA (p = 0.008). MRI revealed the presence of a lobular structure of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and peripheral rim and septal enhancement pattern was noted in 2 chondroblastic OGS and 10 CSA patients. Inhomogeneous and marginal enhancement patterns were noted in 6 and 2 chondroblastic OGS, respectively (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Metaphysis origin, bone-forming tumor matrix, aggressive periosteal reaction, and young patient age favored chondroblastic OGS. Some chondroblastic OGS showed radiologic and MRI appearances that were typical of CSA. [J Chin Med Assoc 2009;72(2):76-82]
An Overview and Insights into Osteochondroma – A Rare Tumor of Bone and Cartilage
2016
Osteochondromas are the rare benign and malignant tumour of the growing bone, usually affecting the young adults. Solitary osteocartilaginous exostosis is more common than the hereditary multiple exostosis (HME). The first 3 decades of life has maximum chances of getting affected with osteochondroma and hardly occurs in craniofacial bones because of the fact that these bones are not formed by endochondral ossification. Most of the symptoms occur at the periphery of the bone tissues, with causes of osteochondroma being unknown. It involves in genetic condition and is associated with mutations of EXT1 or EXT2 genes. Diagnosis is difficult at symptomless stage, incidentally it is diagnosed when X-ray is carried out. Detection of tumor by ultra sound is accurate than other diagnosis process. No treatment is required other than regular monitoring of tumor. Standard allele specific PCR based techniques on osteochondroma showing both recombine and intact alleles were reported. The observat...