Combating Pathogenic Microorganisms Using Plant-Derived Antimicrobials: A Minireview of the Mechanistic Basis (original) (raw)
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Microorganisms
The increasing incidence of drug- resistant pathogens raises an urgent need to identify and isolate new bioactive compounds from medicinal plants using standardized modern analytical procedures. Medicinal plant-derived compounds could provide novel straightforward approaches against pathogenic bacteria. This review explores the antimicrobial activity of plant-derived components, their possible mechanisms of action, as well as their chemical potential. The focus is put on the current challenges and future perspectives surrounding medicinal plants antimicrobial activity. There are some inherent challenges regarding medicinal plant extracts and their antimicrobial efficacy. Appropriate and optimized extraction methodology plant species dependent leads to upgraded and selective extracted compounds. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the determination of the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts may show variations in obtained results. Moreover, there are several difficulties and ...
Antibiotics provide the main basis for the therapy of microbial (bacterial and fungal) infections. Since the discovery of these antibiotics and their uses as chemotherapeutic agents there was a belief in the medical fraternity that this would lead to the eventual eradication of infectious diseases. There is a continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action because there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and re-emerging infectious diseases. Another big concern is the development of resistance to the antibiotics in current clinical use. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. In the present scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic organisms, this has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from other sources including plants. Higher plants produce hundreds to thousands of diverse chemical compounds with different biological activities. The antimicrobial compounds produced by plants are active against plant and human pathogenic microorganisms. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug-resistant microbial pathogens.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022
Editorial on the Research Topic Discovery of novel plant-derived compounds with antibacterial actions against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, volume II The wide and even abuse of antimicrobials in medicine and agriculture has led to severe widespread antimicrobial resistance, causing reduced effectiveness or even ineffectiveness of many antibacterial agents (Hobson et al., 2021). Therefore, it is essential and urgent to discover novel antibacterial agents that can effectively fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Nature is a reservoir for diverse antimicrobial agents. Our and other recent research indicates that numerous medicinal plants, spices, and their bioactive compounds possess antibacterial properties (
International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2019
The effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi, and at country level worldwide both in humans and animals was endangered by the emergence of conventional antimicrobial resistance. As result, the world interestingly, forward-looking to the natural products of medicinal plants as alternative remedies in the field of medical sciences in view of the novel molecules delivered by this discipline of science. In spite of the fact that, traditional medicinal healers have used medicinal plants for treatment of different ailments for centuries, there has always been a frequently asked question about their therapeutic efficacy, validation and standardization. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to review and enlighten challenges, opportunities and future prospects of antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants as alternative solutions to combat antimicrobial resistance worldwide in humans as well as animals. Moreover, a continuous and progressing systematic researches and investigation using standardized extract develop through advanced analytical procedures need to be conducted to prove the biological ingredients and test the safety, efficiency and to determine the types of compounds responsible for the antimicrobial effects of these medicinal plants will be desirable.
Plant-Derived Natural Products for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 2024
Bacterial infections are a significant public health concern, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) has become a major challenge for modern medicine. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics have contributed to the development of ARB, which has led to the need for alternative therapies. Plant-derived natural products (PNPs) have been extensively studied for their potential as alternative therapies for the treatment of bacterial infections. The diverse chemical compounds found in plants have shown significant antibacterial properties, making them a promising source of novel antibacterial agents. The use of PNPs as antibacterial agents is particularly appealing because they offer a relatively safe and cost-effective approach to the treatment of bacterial infections. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the current state of research on PNPs as antibacterial agents. It will cover the mechanisms of action of the main PNPs against bacterial pathogens and discuss their potential to be used as complementary therapies to combat ARB. This chapter will also highlight the most common screening methodologies to discover new PNPs and the challenges and future prospects in the development of these compounds as antibacterial agents.
Insights into Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Applications of Plant Bioactive Compounds
Microorganisms
Plants have long been thought to contribute to health promotion due to their fiber and phenolic content, as well as their inherent biological potential. The bioactive derivatives of medicinal plants are a valuable resource in the fight against serious diseases all around the world. The present review focuses on the current state of knowledge on the usage and medicinal applications of plant bioactives. Issues concerning the effect of aromatic plant derivatives on human gut microbiota and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potentials are discussed and worth further exploring.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010
Pharmaceutical and scientific communities have recently received the attention of the medicinal plants and various publications have documented the therapeutic worth of natural compounds to validate the claims of their biological activity. Profuse use of commercial antibiotic and synthetic pesticides for human and crop protection is harmful to human health, ecosystem and environment. Attention has also been drawn to the antimicrobial properties of plants and their metabolites due to the growing incidences of drug-resistant pathogens of both clinical and agricultural importance. Medicinal plants have their intrinsic ability to resist pathogenic microorganisms and this has led the researchers to investigate their mechanisms of action and isolation of active compounds. This has enabled exploitation of medicinal plants for the treatment of microbial infections of both plants and humans by developing new antimicrobial agents. This novel search entails extensive research and it is therefo...
2020
The advent of antibiotics revolutionized medical care resulting in significantly reduced mortality and morbidity caused by infectious diseases. However, excessive use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance and indeed, the incidence of multidrug‐resistant pathogens is considered as a major disadvantage in medication strategy, which has led the scholar's attention towards innovative antibiotic sources in recent years. Medicinal plants contain a variety of secondary metabolites with a wide range of therapeutic potential against the resistant microbes. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore the antibacterial potential of traditional herbal medicine against bacterial infections. More than 200 published research articles reporting the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against drug‐resistant microbial infections were searched using different databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and the Directory of Open Access Journals (D...
Metabolites
The war on multidrug resistance (MDR) has resulted in the greatest loss to the world’s economy. Antibiotics, the bedrock, and wonder drug of the 20th century have played a central role in treating infectious diseases. However, the inappropriate, irregular, and irrational uses of antibiotics have resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This has resulted in an increased interest in medicinal plants since 30–50% of current pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are plant-derived. The question we address in this review is whether plants, which produce a rich diversity of secondary metabolites, may provide novel antibiotics to tackle MDR microbes and novel chemosensitizers to reclaim currently used antibiotics that have been rendered ineffective by the MDR microbes. Plants synthesize secondary metabolites and phytochemicals and have great potential to act as therapeutics. The main focus of this mini-review is to highlight the potential benefits of plant derived multiple compou...