NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE (original) (raw)
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Nanotechnology is the study of extremely small structures, having size of 0.1 to 100 nm. Nano medicine is a relatively new field of science and technology. Brief explanation of the history of nanotechnology is given. The application of Nanotechnology in medicine such as in diagnosis, treatment and management of diseases is discussed in detail. Applications of Nano particles in drug delivery, protein and peptide delivery, and cancer are explained. Applications of various Nano systems in cancer therapy such as carbon Nano tube, dendrimers, nano crystal, nano wire, nano shells etc. are given. The advancement in nanotechnology helps in the treatment of neuro degenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Applications of nano technology in tuberculosis treatment, the clinical application of nanotechnology in operative dentistry, in ophthalmology are discussed in this work. Light is also shed on the advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology to medical science.
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The chapter deals with the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the field of medicine. It focuses on the treatment of cancerous cells in the body as a case study. Cancer as we all know is a disease which is spreading at the speed of light across the nations, primarily due to the lifestyles and heredity. The human war against the disease is on, and many cures are in practice or under research, so as to limit the deaths due to it. Most of the research is focused on finding alternative and effective techniques in conquering cancer, so that the stigma attached with it can be diminished; the researchers are also focusing on lowering the side effects of the currently practiced cures. We all hope that a day will come when it will come under the category of conquerable diseases. It has been shown that cancer deaths in the world have declined considerably, but it is still unconquerable. It is still one of the leading causes of death around the globe. Usual therapy like radiation, surgery, and immunotherapy in addition to chemotherapy has shown challenges like ease of access to the tumor cells, danger of operating on a vital organ to name some. Off late, research laboratories are using nanoparticles for the detection in addition to drug delivery in treatment of various diseases. It gives boost to minimizing the side effects encountered in conventional therapies at the cellular and tissue level. Nanoparticles' widespread use is accounted by their size.