Personality factors in professional ethical behaviour: studies of empathy and narcissism (original) (raw)
https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530412331283453
Sign up for access to the world's latest research
checkGet notified about relevant papers
checkSave papers to use in your research
checkJoin the discussion with peers
checkTrack your impact
Related papers
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015
Professional ethics of employees is an effective Factor in the growth of spirituality and reducing administrative corruption in organizations. One factor that influences employees on Professional Ethics is personality. The overall goal of this research is to study the link between personalities of employees (Neuroticism, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience) and their Professional ethics (responsibility, Competitiveness , honestly, respect to others, respect to values, justice, Sympathy to others, Loyalty) in Medical Sciences University of Bushehr.. To study the correlation between personality style and Professional ethics of employees, five hypotheses were proposed in this project and the objective was to find the ones that were supported by the collected and analyzed data. Two sets of questionnaires titled "Form NEO five factors personality test" and "Professional ethics" questionnaires were distributed among 270 employees. Population of this research was 690 employees. The sorted data was analyzed using in SPSS and Lisrel software. While designed to test the hypothesis, based on the results, Findings show that, Between personality traits and PE, there is a positive relationship (0.445), Between personality traits and PE, there is a negative relationship(-0 .251) some recommendations for developing Professional ethics in the organization, as is the end of the study
Social science & medicine (1982), 1996
Compassionate-empathic physicians (CEPs) are desired by patients, but rarely found in medical settings. The purpose of this study was to promote our understanding of this gap by determining personal characteristics that distinguish CEPs from other physicians, and organizational factors that might enhance or inhibit physicians' compassionate-empathic behavior (CEB). In the first stage of the study, three groups of physicians who differed in their compassionate-empathic pattern of behavior toward patients were identified by a sociometric questionnaire distributed to 324 physicians in a general hospital. In the second stage, almost all of these physicians (N = 308) were asked to fill out a self administered structured questionnaire, and 214 (69.5%) responded. Comparisons among the three groups show that the physicians identified as CEPs, more than other physicians, are younger, have fewer years in medical practice, and score higher on pro-social, non-stereotypic attitudes toward pa...
Mutual Connections in Between Empathy and Personality Traits of Helping Professions
Postmodern Openings
The aim of the research was an examination and determination of relations between the empathy and personality. We focused on which personal features could predict the empathy. The study investigated 240 respondents from 30 to 35 years, 128 women and 112 men in helping professions. For determination of the empathy level we used non-standardized questionnaire Empathy Quotient EQ, for determination of personal features we used the first part of standardized Clinical analysis questionnaire CAQ-the range of normal personality. The difference between women and men was only in personal characteristics: dominance and hypersensitivity. The obtained results proved the relation between empathy and personality. Regarding to personal features and empathy, based on linear regression analyze were found the relations between empathy and emotional stability.
Impact of Personality Traits on Ethical Behavior
2018
Personality traits and ethical behavior have a significant psychological characteristics, which can be utilized as an important interpreters of many outcomes. However, they are commonly studied in separate ways, providing a path to create an understanding of their relationships. The research study has reviewed different perspectives in regards to understand the nature of the relationships between personality traits and ethical behavior and conceptualized them so that it can provide support for understanding the strength of these relationships. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the link between five factors of personality traits and ethical behavior. Neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness as the main factors of personality traits have been hypothesized to predict ethical behavior. By using an adapted survey questionnaire, data were collected from teaching staff at public sector higher education institutions of Sindh, Pakistan. Multi...
PLOS ONE
Background Existing research has suggested that self-reported empathy in medical students is moderated by personality traits and diverse demographic and educational factors including age, gender, nationality, career aspirations, as well as year of curriculum. It is unclear how empathy, personality, and background factors might impact on students' attitudes towards professionalism in medicine. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in first and final year medical students at an Irish medical school. The following instruments were administered: (a) Jefferson Scale of Empathy; (b) NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-3); (c) Attitudes towards Professionalism Scale. Demographic and educational variables were also measured. Descriptive and correlational analysis was conducted to examine the association between empathy, personality, professionalism-related attitudes and additional measures. Regression analysis was used to examine determinants of attitudes towards professional behaviour. Results Both selected NEO-FFI personality traits and empathy were independently associated with distinct categories of professional behaviour. Specifically, Openness to Experience was associated with higher empathy scores, and higher 'Social responsibility'. Extraversion was linked with higher scores on the "Personal characteristics" and "Interactions with team" categories, while Conscientiousness was also positively associated with "Personal characteristics". In agreement with previous studies, the personality traits most associated empathy
Professional Moral Reasoning and (lack of) Empathy
Tidsskrift for Professionsstudier
Empathy is seen as a virtue or even a necessary skill in many professions. However, while proponents of the concept argue that it plays a fundamental role in our moral judgements, critics have objected that our empathy is easily manipulated and that our dispositions to empathise more strongly with those close to or resembling ourselves makes it a poor moral guide. We argue that while not necessary for professional moral judgement, professional moral reasoning would be fundamentally amiss without the ability and willingness to perceive the situation from the perspective of those they are trained to serve.
Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder
Psychiatry …, 2011
The study's objective was to empirically assess cognitive and emotional empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). To date, "lack of empathy" is a core feature of NPD solely based on clinical observation. The study's method was that forty-seven patients with NPD, 53 healthy controls, and 27 clinical controls with borderline personality disorder (BPD) were included in the study. Emotional and cognitive empathy were assessed with traditional questionnaire measures, the newly developed Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), and the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). The study's results were that individuals with NPD displayed significant impairments in emotional empathy on the MET. Furthermore, relative to BPD patients and healthy controls, NPD patients did not show deficits in cognitive empathy on the MET or MASC. Crucially, this empathic profile of NPD is not captured by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for Axis II Disorders (SCID-II). The study's conclusions were that while NPD involves deficits in emotional empathy, cognitive empathy seems grossly unaffected.
While the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) has gained increasing attention as a measure of noncriminal psychopathy, absent has been research involving samples including business people. This study investigated the validity of the PPI with such a population by examining the association between psychopathic traits and moral decision-making among MBA students. Sixty-six MBA students were assessed using the PPI, the MACH-IV (a measure of Machiavellianism), the Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Defining Issues Test (DIT-2). Only PPI Machiavellian Egocentricity was associated with level of post-conventional moral reasoning. MACH-IV Machiavellianism was a stronger predictor of the Subjectivist ethical position than were PPI subscales. However, a combination of MACH-IV Machiavellianism and four PPI scales accounted for 46% of the variance in Subjectivism. Results suggested that Machiavellian Egocentricity and Machiavellianism are distinct constructs. Benning, Patrick, Hicks, Blonigen, & Krueger (2003)’s two factor model of the PPI was also supported. In general, the findings provided further validation for the PPI as a tool for assessing psychopathic traits among “mainstream” individuals, including business people.
The ethical dimension of executive leadership is thought to be uniquely important because of the executive's potential to influence employee and organizational behavior. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the link between five factor personality traits and ethical leadership. Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were hypothesized to predict ethical leadership. The results revealed that Neuroticism have negative effect on ethical leadership perception of employees. Results did not show any significant relationship between extraversion and ethical leadership. However, as proposed Openness to experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are found to be important antecedents for ethical leadership.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
Related papers
Iranian association for ethics in science and technology, 2025
Introduction: Compliance with ethical standards by hospital staff plays a significant role in the treatment process of patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of personality traits of temperament and character on professional ethics with the mediating role of psychological defense mechanisms in hospital staff. Material and Methods: The method of this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the present study was employees of Al-Jazeera Hospital in Riyadh in 2024. Considering the number of the target population, 60 people were selected by simple random method. In this study, the professional ethics questionnaire of Armito et al. (2011), defense mechanisms of Anders et al. (1993) and the personality trait questionnaire of temperament and character of Cloninger (1994) were used. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and path analysis with SPSS18 and Amos23 software. Results: The findings showed that there is a significant negative correlation between immature mechanisms (-0.24) and neurotic mechanisms (-0.22) with professional ethics at a significance level of 0.01. There is a significant positive correlation between mature mechanisms (0.29), temperament (0.26), and character (0.28) with professional ethics at a significance level of 0.01. Also, psychological defense mechanisms play a mediating role in the relationship between personality traits of temperament and character on professional ethics. Also, the total coefficient of explanation in the direct and indirect paths by personality traits of temperament and character and psychological defense mechanisms on professional ethics was equal to 0.51. Conclusion: This study showed that cognitive and behavioral factors including psychological defense mechanisms and personality traits of temperament and character play a fundamental role in the level of professional ethics of hospital staff.
2015
The objective of the present research was two-fold: (1) To provide a new definition of ethical competence, and (2) to clarify the influence of empathy, personal values and the five factor model of personality on ethical competence. The present research provides a comprehensive overview about recent approaches and empirically explores the interconnections of these constructs. 366 German undergraduate students were examined in a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship of empathy, personal values, and the five factor model of personality with moral judgment competence and counterproductive work behavior as indicators of moral judgment and behavior. We found self-transcendence values to be related to both, high levels of empathy and ethical competence, in contrast to self-enhancement values. Multiple mediation analysis revealed unique effects of empathy on ethical competence through values as mediators. Affective (but not cognitive) empathy transmitted its effect on ethical competence through benevolence, conformity, tradition, power, and hedonism. Most importantly, perspective taking lost its predictive power when investigated alongside affective empathy dimensions. These results converge to an important role of affective empathy, in particular empathic concern, with regard to personal values and ethical competence. Furthermore, the five factor model of personality explained variance in measures of ethical competence. Our research suggests that organizational decision makers should consider the role of empathy, personal values and the five factor model in their human resource management in order to select employees with high ethical competence.
Journal of Business Ethics, 2015
The objective of the present research was twofold: (1) to provide a new definition of ethical competence, and (2) to clarify the influence of empathy, personal values, and the five-factor model of personality on ethical competence. The present research provides a comprehensive overview about recent approaches and empirically explores the interconnections of these constructs. 366 German undergraduate students were examined in a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship of empathy, personal values, and the five-factor model of personality with moral judgment competence and counterproductive work behavior as indicators of moral judgment and behavior. We found self-transcendence values to be related to both, high levels of empathy and ethical competence, in contrast to self-enhancement values. Multiple mediation analysis revealed unique effects of empathy on ethical competence through values as mediators. Affective (but not cognitive) empathy transmitted its effect on ethical competence through benevolence, conformity, tradition, power, and hedonism. Most importantly, perspective taking lost its predictive power when investigated alongside affective empathy dimensions. These results converge to an important role of affective empathy, in particular empathic concern, with regard to personal values and ethical competence. Furthermore, the five-factor model of personality explained variance in measures of ethical competence. Our research suggests that organizational decision makers should consider the role of empathy, personal values, and the five-factor model in their human resource management in order to select employees with high ethical competence.
2017
This study examines the outcome of narcissism on ethical behaviour and measure the association of narcissism and ethical behaviour. The other main objective of this study was to find the presence of emotional intelligence in a narcissistic personality and measure its moderating effects on the relationship of narcissism and ethical behaviour. A total of 310 participants working at middle management levels in public and private telecom sectors of Pakistan within the context of local culture completed self-rating scales for narcissism, emotional intelligence and ethical behaviour. Results of multiple regression analyses supported the hypotheses that narcissism and ethical behaviour are negatively associated. However, the moderating role of emotional intelligence in a narcissistic person was not significant .These findings suggest that narcissism with emotional intelligence further deteriorates the relationship with ethical behaviour and narcissistic personality displays unethical behav...
Big Five personality traits and ethical climate: A test of antecedents of unethical behaviour
Journal of Education for Business, 2020
This study investigated the impact of Big-Five personality traits and ethical climate on unethical behavior. We tested our model on a sample of 203 B-School students. The results show that agreeableness, conscientiousness, and ethical climate are negatively associated with unethical behavior. However, the present study does not provide empirical support for the theorized relationships of openness to experience, extroversion, and neuroticism with unethical behavior. KEYWORDS Big-five personality traits; ethical climate; unethical behavior Literature review and hypotheses development Unethical behavior We define unethical behavior as any "voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization, its members, or both" (Robinson & Bennett, 1995; p. 556). Unethical behavior is that type CONTACT Navin Kumar Koodamara
The dark side of empathy in narcissistic personality disorder
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023
Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by self-absorption, grandiosity, exploitation of others and lack of empathy. People with that disorder may switch from an overt form, mainly with grandiosity, to a covert presentation, with fears, hypersensitivity and dependence from others. Empathy represents a key point in detecting people affected by narcissistic personality disorder because, even if it is described as reduced, it plays a fundamental role in exploitation and manipulation. A systematic search of Literature without any language or time restriction, was performed combining thesaurus and free-search indexing terms related to Narcissistic personality disorder and empathy and produced 531 results. Fifty-two papers that analyzed possible issues in the empathic attitude of people with narcissistic personality disorder were included in this narrative review. Empathy is the capability of understating and feeling others emotions. It is not a unitary construct and can be distinguished in cognitive and affective. It might be channeled into prosocial and antisocial behaviors. A crucial trait identified in narcissistic empathy is affective dissonance that is closely related to rivalry as part of the dark tetrad (narcissism, machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism). Subjects affected by narcissistic personality disorder show greater impairment in affective aspects while their cognitive part of empathy appears preserved. Saving at least the cognitive aspects of empathy may contribute to therapeutic improvement of affective aspects.
Malicious mind readers? A meta-analysis on Machiavellianism and cognitive and affective empathy
Personality and Individual Differences, 2021
This meta-analysis investigated how the antagonistic personality trait Machiavellianism (Mach) relates to cognitive and affective empathy. Due to the role of manipulation in Mach, previous research argued that Mach should go along with higher empathic ability but found negative effects very consistently. Thus, some scholars argued that individuals with high scores in Mach had empathic deficits. The current meta-analysis (70 studies, 76 samples, and 232 effect sizes) challenged both perspectives by investigating bivariate and multivariate relations between Mach, self-reported cognitive empathy, cognitive empathic skills, and affective empathy. Further, we tested if gender distributions, student samples, and different utilized Mach scales accounted for differences across studies (i.e., moderated those). Bivariate analyses revealed inverse correlations of Mach with all facets of empathy (ρs from-.10 to-.36). The relations with self-reported and performance-based cognitive empathy almost dissolved when controlling for affective empathy. Neither of the proposed moderators significantly explained differences across studies. In general, studies with a high percentage of men and those comprising non-students revealed more diverse correlations than studies with a large proportion of women and studies that exclusively recruited students. The results suggest low affective empathy in Mach but contradict both the empathic deficits-and the "skilled mind reader"-perspectives.
Management & Economics Research Journal, 2022
This study examines the impact of psychopathic and narcissist personalities on employees' adverse outcomes. Additionally, this study investigates the intervening mechanism of workplace incivility among the relationship of psychopathic and narcissist personalities and adverse outcomes. Furthermore, the interactive impact of Islamic work values was also tested between the association of workplace incivility and adverse outcomes. Using the purposive sampling technique, data was collected through a survey method from 404 permanent employees of a public sector organization in two different time-lags. PROCESS-macro was used to test indirect, interactive, and moderated mediation effects. The findings of this study confirm the direct effect relationship between that psychopathic and narcissist personalities and employees’ adverse outcomes. Further, this study confirms that workplace incivility indirectly enhances the adverse outcomes of employees. Finally, the study findings revealed th...
Associations between narcissism, empathy, personality, and imagined interactions
This research examined the association between covert narcissism, empathy, personality traits and the functions of imagined interactions, a type of social cognition and intrapersonal communication using the hyper-sensitive narcissism scale, the interpersonal reactivity index, Big 5 personality trait measures and a modified version of the Survey of Imagined Interaction. Narcissism defined as hypersensitivity to criticism and overcompensating with inflated self-exaggeration has been ignored in cognition and communication. Results revealed that anxiety and anger are associated with narcissism. A hierarchical regression analysis based on 241 participants also revealed support for hypotheses demonstrating associations between empathy, personality, and imagined interactions. Results are discussed in terms of an cognitive communication profile of narcissism. A narcissist appears to lack perspective taking, indulge in fantasies, is disagreeable, neurotic, and open to new experiences, ruminates about conflict and does not compensate for the lack of conversational partners.
Related topics
Cited by
Ethics & Behavior, 2011
In this paper we describe our approach to understanding wrongdoing in medical research and practice, which involves the statistical analysis of coded data from a large set of published cases. We focus on understanding the environmental factors that predict the kind and the severity of wrongdoing in medicine. Through review of empirical and theoretical literature, consultation with experts, the application of criminological theory, and ongoing analysis of our first 60 cases, we hypothesize that 10 contextual features of the medical environment (including financial rewards, oversight failures, and patients belonging to vulnerable groups) may contribute to professional wrongdoing. We define each variable, examine data supporting our hypothesis, and present a brief case synopsis from our study that illustrates the potential influence of the variable. Finally, we discuss limitations of the resulting framework and directions for future research.
PeerJ, 2013
Objective. The health and well being of medical doctors is vital to their longevity and safe practice. The concept of resilience is recognised as a key component of well being and is an important factor in medical training to help doctors learn to cope with challenge, stress, and adversity. This study examined the relationship of resilience to personality traits and resilience in doctors in order to identify the key traits that promote or impair resilience.
Evaluation & the Health Professions, 2013
How to select candidates with appropriate personal qualities for medical school is an important issue. This study examined the psychometric properties and group differences of the Personal Qualities Assessment (PQA) to test the feasibility of using it as a tool to assess the medical school applicants in a non-Western culture. Seven hundred forty-six medical students in Taiwan completed two psychometric measures: Mojac to assess moral orientation and NACE to assess four aspects of interpersonal relationships. Thirty-one students completed the tests twice to establish test-retest reliability. A subsample of 127 students also completed a measure of the ''Big Five'' personality traits to examine the construct validity of these scales. Both Mojac and NACE had acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Conceptually, coherent and significant relationships were observed between test components and between the NACE and Big Five. NACE but not Mojac varied significantly between different sociodemographic groups. Both tests demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. However, the predictive validity of PQA requires future studies.
Medical Teacher, 2015
Background: Over the past 70 years, there has been a recurring debate in the literature and in the popular press about how best to select medical students. This implies that we are still not getting it right: either some students are unsuited to medicine or the graduating doctors are considered unsatisfactory, or both. Aim: To determine whether particular variables at the point of selection might distinguish those more likely to become satisfactory professional doctors, by following a complete intake cohort of students throughout medical school and analysing all the data used for the students' selection, their performance on a range of other potential selection tests, academic and clinical assessments throughout their studies, and records of professional behaviour covering the entire five years of the course. Methods: A longitudinal database captured the following anonymised information for every student (n ¼ 146) admitted in 2007 to the Hull York Medical School (HYMS) in the UK: demographic data (age, sex, citizenship); performance in each component of the selection procedure; performance in some other possible selection instruments (cognitive and non-cognitive psychometric tests); professional behaviour in tutorials and in other clinical settings; academic performance, clinical and communication skills at summative assessments throughout; professional behaviour lapses monitored routinely as part of the fitness-to-practise procedures. Correlations were sought between predictor variables and criterion variables chosen to demonstrate the full range of course outcomes from failure to complete the course to graduation with honours, and to reveal clinical and professional strengths and weaknesses. Results: Student demography was found to be an important predictor of outcomes, with females, younger students and British citizens performing better overall. The selection variable ''HYMS academic score'', based on prior academic performance, was a significant predictor of components of Year 4 written and Year 5 clinical examinations. Some cognitive subtest scores from the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) and the UKCAT total score were also significant predictors of the same components, and a unique predictor of the Year 5 written examination. A number of the non-cognitive tests were significant independent predictors of Years 4 and 5 clinical performance, and of lapses in professional behaviour. First-and second-year tutor ratings were significant predictors of all outcomes, both desirable and undesirable. Performance in Years 1 and 2 written exams did not predict performance in Year 4 but did generally predict Year 5 written and clinical performance. Conclusions: Measures of a range of relevant selection attributes and personal qualities can predict intermediate and end of course achievements in academic, clinical and professional behaviour domains. In this study HYMS academic score, some UKCAT subtest scores and the total UKCAT score, and some non-cognitive tests completed at the outset of studies, together predicted outcomes most comprehensively. Tutor evaluation of students early in the course also identified the more and less successful students in the three domains of academic, clinical and professional performance. These results may be helpful in informing the future development of selection tools.
Graduate entry to medicine: widening psychological diversity
2009
Background: At Nottingham University more than 95% of entrants to the traditional 5-year medical course are school leavers. Since 2003 we have admitted graduate entrants (GEM) to a shortened (4-year) course to 'widen access to students from more disadvantaged backgrounds'. We have recently shown that the GEM course widens academic and socio-demographic diversity of the medical student population. This study explored whether GEM students also bring psychological diversity and whether this could be beneficial.
Medical Teacher, 2011
The Personal Qualities Assessment (PQA) was developed to enhance medical student selection by measuring a range of non-cognitive attributes in the applicants to medical school. Applicants to the five Scottish medical schools were invited to pilot the test in 2001 and 2002. To evaluate the predictive validity of PQA for selecting medical students. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in which PQA scores were compared with senior year medical school performance. Consent to access performance markers was obtained from 626 students (61.6% of 1017 entrants in 2002-2003). Linkable Foundation Year (4th) rankings were available for 411 (66%) students and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) rankings for 335 (54%) of those consenting. Both samples were representative of the original cohort. No significant correlations were detected between separate elements of the PQA assessment and student performance. However, using the algorithm advocated by Powis et al. those defined as 'non-extreme' (<±1.5 SD from the cohort mean scores; SD, standard deviation) character types on the involved-detached and on the libertarian-communitarian moral orientation scales were ranked higher in OSCEs (average of 7.5% or 25 out of 335, p = 0.049). This study was limited by high attrition and basic outcome markers which are insensitive to relevant non-cognitive characteristics. However, it is the largest currently available study of predictive validity for the PQA assessment. There was one finding of significance: that those students who were identified by PQA as 'not extreme' on the two personal characteristics scales performed better in an OSCE measure of professionalism. Futures studies are required since psychometric testing for both cognitive and non-cognitive attributes are increasingly used in admission process and these should include more and better measures of professionalism against which to correlate non-cognitive traits.
Recruiting for values in healthcare: a preliminary review of the evidence
Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2015
Displaying compassion, benevolence and respect, and preserving the dignity of patients are important for any healthcare professional to ensure the provision of high quality care and patient outcomes. This paper presents a structured search and thematic review of the research evidence relating to values-based recruitment within healthcare. Several different databases, journals and government reports were searched to retrieve studies relating to values-based recruitment published between 1998 and 2013, both in healthcare settings and other occupational contexts. There is limited published research related to values-based recruitment directly, so the available theoretical context of values is explored alongside an analysis of the impact of value congruence. The implications for the design of selection methods to measure values is explored beyond the scope of the initial literature search.
Preventing and combating administrative narcissism: Implications for professional programmes
Journal of Educational Administration, 2010
Purpose -The paper seeks to examine the problem of destructive narcissism as an aspect of the emotional dimension of educational administration. Positions of power and influence provide motive and opportunity for the damaging character of this personality disorder to negatively affect the work life of colleagues and sabotage organizational effectiveness, ranging in degree from mild annoyance to extreme disabling. Design/methodology/approach -The paper presents a model of narcissism composed of the typical profile and organisational expression in educational settings, drawing on narcissism theory. This includes the narcissist's illegitimate sense of entitlement, inappropriate need for admiration and attention, lack of empathy, and projection of negative traits onto others that affect the politics and culture of schools and universities, including social interaction and work styles, that produces an objectified use of people. Findings -Four aspects of graduate professional programs are examined for the effects of destructive narcissistic pattern -student recruitment, curriculum, narcissistic professors, and research activities -and strategies recommended for dealing with this problem. Originality/value -The problem of narcissism in educational administration and leadership professional programmes is not addressed in the field.
ARTICLES: Validation of Ethical Decision Making Measures: Evidence for a New Set of Measures
Ethics & Behavior, 2006
Ethical decision making measures are widely applied as the principal dependent variable used in studies of research integrity. However, evidence bearing on the internal and external validity of these measures is not available. In this study, ethical decision making measures were administered to 102 graduate students in the biological, health, and social sciences, along with measures examining exposure to ethical breaches and the severity of punishments recommended. The ethical decision making measure was found to be related to exposure to ethical events and the severity of punishments awarded. The implications of these findings for the application of ethical decision making measures are discussed.
Chapter 4 Personality, affect, and organizational change: a qualitative study
Research on Emotion in Organizations, 2010
Published studies of the relationships between personality, affect, and organizational change have been overwhelmingly quantitative, while clinical and psychodynamic approaches have seldom dealt with the context of organizational change. We used semistructured interviews to explore the ''middle ground'', by researching how participants in change believed aspects of their personalities contributed to their responses, particularly on an affective level. We found that traits such as openness to experience, resilience, pragmatism, change self-efficacy, and locus of control influenced participants' perceptions of how they reacted to organizational change. The findings point to the important role that qualitative research into personality can play in improving understanding of emotional responses to organizational change.
Competition and sensemaking in ethical situations
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2013
Competition was examined in relation to ethicality. The effect of a competitor being an in-group vs. out-group member, the competitor offering uncorroborated or corroborated information, and the impact of the competitor goals were examined. The findings suggest that the way competition is presented has an important influence on how individuals make sense of an ethically ambiguous situation and make ethical decisions. A main effect was found, such that when a competitor offered uncorroborated information, participants made less ethical decisions and used pro-ethical reasoning strategies less often. An additional main effect was found suggesting that participants made more ethical decisions when working with an in-group competitor rather than an out-group competitor. Complex interactive effects were also found and discussed.
Working in Health Access Programme (WHAP): initial results
Medical Education, 2008
CONTEXT Academic achievement and social class are positively related and applications to medical schools reflect a class-based bias favouring middle-class candidates. Applying a measure that is class-free could be useful as an indicator of a potential good health professional may widen the pool of applicants. In the Working in Health Access Programme (WHAP), we report on the potential usefulness of such a measure. In addition, we describe a programme for raising awareness of higher education (HE) and careers in health care. METHODS Pupils attending schools with low HE participation rates sat a battery of psychometric tests assessing both cognitive and non-cognitive skills. A total of 2349 pupils sat the tests and 1000 of them took part in the subsequent activities. These pupils are being followed up and have obtained their Standard Grade (Year 11) examination results. RESULTS Although social class influenced cognitive skills, it had no influence on non-cognitive abilities. Pupils with high levels of cognitive ability were found in all classes, including the most deprived. Both the testing and the awareness-raising programme were successful. Additional information was obtained on factors influencing the participantsÕ choices of career.
Research in educational administration & leadership, 2022
Article Info As leaders of educational organizations, school principals can change teachers' perceptions of school positively or negatively with leadership styles they have. The purpose of this study is to determine in what direction and level the narcissistic leadership behaviors of school principals is related with teachers' organizational trust and cynicism levels according to teachers' perceptions. 397 teachers working in primary, secondary and high schools in Siirt/Turkey during the 2019-2020 academic year completed self-report surveys. Teachers' perceived organizational cynicism and perceived organizational trust were shown to have a negative and moderate relationship. This indicates that the increase in organizational cynicism ultimately decreases organizational trust. Also, 37% of the total variance in the organizational cynicism variable is explained by the behaviours of
International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management, 2020
This study examines the indirect effect of employee empathy on service loyalty through the intervening effect of trust in and satisfaction with service employees during service interactions. Data was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire from university students. 410 useable responses were used to perform data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping for indirect effects were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results show a significant impact of employee empathy on trust in service employee and satisfaction with service employee during customer-employee interactions. Also, satisfaction with a service employee showed a significant effect on service loyalty during service interactions. The study enhances the understanding of empathy within banking services during interactions between service employee and customer. It also provides insights for service managers and frontline service employees on how empathy develops custom...