11.[1-9]Accessibility Analysis and Evaluation of Government Websites in Developing Countries (original) (raw)

Web Accessibility for Disabled: A Case Study of Government Websites in Pakistan

2012 10th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, 2012

It is the era of information technology and governments around the world opting for electronic government and official websites are now under the use of a diverse population for the purpose of information retrieval. A number of disabled persons are becoming the part of this society but they are ignored when web projects are planned and developed. If this practice of software development is kept continuing then disabled persons would not take the advantage in the electronic government era. This study evaluates the websites of central government in Pakistan including all ministries and divisions using accessibility evaluation tools based on World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) web accessibility standards. Functional accessibility evaluator and total validator are the tools which are used for the evaluation process. The results shows that most of the web sites are not developed according to the accessibility standards for disabled persons. In the light of these results, recommendations are made to improve the accessibility of these websites for disable persons.

Accessibility Evaluation on Malaysian E-Government Websites

2010

The advent of the WWW has caused a dramatic evolution in getting the information. From the web, most of the people nowadays can get information easily from Internet from anywhere and anytime. These Web sites also become an important tool that the government used to market their institution to prospective customers and, to provide government information and services available on-line. To make these web sites more functional, they must be accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. This study was undertaken with the purpose of identifying the accessibility of e-government websites based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). In addition, the study was also intended to investigate webmaster's knowledge and practices pertaining to accessibility. The result of the analysis indicated that there were no single Malaysian e-government websites that passed the W3C Priority 1 accessibility checkpoints. A follow-up study using interviews unveiled that most webmasters did not fully adhere to the standard of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

Web Accessibility Evaluation of Government Websites for People with Disabilities in Turkey

Journal of Advanced Management Science, 2016

The Web is a progressively more important resource in many aspects of life: government, commerce and more. As governments to continue to provide businesses and citizens with new value-added e-services, citizens with disabilities are still being deprived from taking full advantage of these services. While the proportion of people with disabilities (visual impairment, hearing impairment, cognitive disability etc.) in society has been rapidly increasing due to the demographic trends long documented by many researchers, governmental leaders have paid little attention to their needs when planning and implementing Web projects. Therefore, it is essential that all citizens must have equal accessible opportunities to all e-government recourses. This research evaluates the accessibility of each of the 25 e-Government websites in Turkey by people disabilities based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 and 2.0 and using automated testing tools. The results of study indicate that the prevalent priority-1 accessibility barriers identified in this study were related to the absence of text equivalents for non-text elements, and the failure of the static equivalents for dynamic content to get updated when the dynamic content changes. 

Website Accessibility Evaluation of the Federal Government of Nepal

Website accessibility concerns easy and all-time access to information from the website for all people. The constitution of Nepal provisioned equal access to information to all people as a fundamental right. The ICT policy and website directive of Nepal also target equal access to all government websites. This paper attempted to evaluate the websites of 25 high-level institutions of the federal government websites of the government of Nepal for website accessibility based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 guidelines provided by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and some provisions of Government website development and management directive, 2021. This research uses web-based online tools such as SortSite for WCAG 2.1 conformance test; WAVE to evaluate contrast error and Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) errors; W3C markup validation service for HTML validation; and W3C CSS validation service for CSS validation. The results were found unsatisfactory w...

Accessibility analysis using WCAG 2.1: evidence from Indian e-government websites

Universal Access in the Information Society

E-government is a global phenomenon. Many governments throughout the world are using e-government websites to deliver government services to their stakeholders. Consequently, it is now quite crucial for the governments to make sure that e-government websites must be accessible to all stakeholders regardless of their visual, cognitive, and hearing ability. However, many prior studies have shown that most of the e-government websites in different countries do not meet the accessibility guidelines prescribed in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). In this article, we present the evaluation of the accessibility of Indian e-government websites using a sample of 65 websites of various ministries based on the WCAG 2.1 standard. We found that the majority of e-government websites do not meet Level A conformance with WCAG 2.1. Our findings suggest that designers and developers of e-government websites should pay due attention to the accessibility features during the design and development of these websites to achieve universal accessibility.

e-Government Website accessibility: in-depth evaluation of Saudi Arabia and Oman

The electronic journal of e- …, 2005

This paper explores three main areas, firstly, website accessibility guidelines; secondly, website accessibility tools and finally the implication of human factors in the process of implementing successful e-Government websites. It investigates the issues that make a website accessible and explores the importance placed on web usability and accessibility with respect to e-Government websites. It briefly examines accessibility guidelines, evaluation methods and analysis tools. It then evaluates the web accessibility of e-Government websites of Saudi Arabia and Oman by adapting the 'W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines'. Finally, it presents recommendations for improvement of e-Government website accessibility.

Evaluation of Official Governmental (e-Government) Websites for Accessibility in the Middle East

2018

World Wide Web (www), a digital platform providing access to information in an accessible and equitable manner offers immense opportunities to all categories of users. Its inclusivism enables people with physical challenges to access websites, identify, appreciate, navigate, utilize, interact and contribute to the web. This study evaluates the web accessibility features of 58 governmental websites of 17 countries in the Middle East by means of the manual and the automated testing methods with different benchmarks based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG) and Section 508 standards for the website accessibility, for each to achieve a more comprehensive and efficient result for better analysis. The results of the findings are contrasting; from the manual evaluation based on specific criteria, countries such as United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman scored high percentages in majority of the criteria but scored very low in the automated evaluation.

Web Accessibility of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Governmental Websites

2020

National and local governments use the tools and systems made possible by information and communication technologies to address necessary information and to provide public services that enable to the citizen, business and government entities save time and resources. These information and public services should be accessible by everyone including people with disabilities. The prevalence of people with disabilities was estimated around 17.6 percent in 2011 in Ethiopia. In this work, the accessibility of Ethiopia governmental websites evaluated using four automated web accessibility evaluation tools. The results showed that most of the Ethiopia government web sites do not meet the requirements of the guidelines that can be tested by these tools. The most common problems are lack of alternative texts, lack of distinguish ability, lack of adaptability and parsing. The web accessibility evaluation tools also tested within themselves and within each other. Tools found problems in each other's and/or their own home pages.

Usability and Accessibility Analysis of Selected Government Websites in Sri Lanka

2016 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP ), 2016

The websites usability and accessibility standards make more convenient to the internet users. The most of exists websites are failed to follow these standards. Hence, in this research study, we analyze the usability and accessibility standards of highly used websites of Sri Lankan government. The forty-seven government websites are selected to investigate the usability and accessibility guidelines. The above-mentioned guidelines were analyzed using standard online web analytical tools such as WAVE, googlePageSpeed insight, google Mobile-Friendly Test, Pingdom tool, and PowerMapper. Further, the results were analyzed using a weighted method to predict the standard level of the websites.