Role of good health care in holistic development: A comparative study of two States in India . (original) (raw)

Health Analysis - Kerala and Bihar: A Comparison

2009

The paper discusses that although health problems need to be controlled by evolving an efficient and responsive healthcare services, an appropriate social policy which addresses the poor living conditions and social arrangements could act as a catalyst for health improvement. Health improvement is a complex phenomenon and cannot occur just by isolated inputs. It is mediated by a number of factors which co-exist which needs to be tackled by an action programme. The inter-sectoral action needs to be recognized for achieving any health improvement in Bihar. What is also needed is a 'Bihar discourse' instead of 'Bihar bashing'.

Morbidity Patterns in Kerala: Levels and Determinants

SSRN Journal

This paper examines the levels, patterns, and determinants of morbidity in Kerala. This study is based on a community survey conducted in 2004, in three districts of the state namely Thiruvananthapuram, Malappuram and Kannur. The survey covers 3320 households having 17071 individuals in all age groups. Reported morbidity was captured for a period of fifteen days prior to the data of survey. Life course analysis was performed to understand the risk of morbidity at various stages, like infancy, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, reproductive ages and old age, in relation to the impact of socio-economic, demographic and regional factors.

Low Mortality and High Morbidity Syndrome - The Health Paradox in Kerala: A Review

2018

The development of any nation depends on the health of its people. It is a fundamental factor which affects the quantity and quality of the population and their by their productivity. Even though Kerala has been acclaimed for the achievements in the human development indicators like health status, sex ratio, life expectancy etc; a close scrutiny to these broad indicators brings up more questions. This paper is to make a review of the emerging health issues in Kerala economy for efficient provisions and management of public health care delivery systems. Keywords: Health status, Mortality, Morbidity, Chronic diseases.

Emerging challenges in the health systems of Kerala, India: qualitative analysis of literature reviews

Journal of Health Research

PurposeThe substantial increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is considered a major threat to developing countries. According to various international organizations and researchers, Kerala is reputed to have the best health system in India. However, many economists and health-care experts have discussed the risks embedded in the asymmetrical developmental pattern of the state, considering its high health-care and human development index and low economic growth. This study, a scoping review, aims to explore four major health economic issues related to the Kerala health system.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the literature was performed using PRISMA to facilitate selection, sampling and analysis. Qualitative data were collected for thematic content analysis.FindingsChronic diseases in a significant proportion of the population, low compliance with emergency medical systems, high health-care costs and poor health insurance coverage were observed in the Kerala co...

Changes in levels of morbidity and hospitalisation in Kerala: A district level analysis (1995-2014

Elsevier - Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 2019

Background: The objective of paper is to provide background information about the morbidity and hospitalization pattern in districts Kerala based on secondary data. Methods: Using data from three rounds (52nd, 60th, and 71st) of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), the trend and pattern of self-reported morbidity were analysed across districts of Kerala. Descriptive analysis was carried out to understand the prevalence of self-reported morbidity variation over a period of two decades (1995–2014) and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the significant determinants of various types of self-reported morbidities and hospitalization. Results: The results indicate that while infectious diseases and NCDs increased by six times, CVDs increased by nearly nine times, and disability increased by five times from 1995 to 2014. Age, sex and location emerged as significant determinant of morbidity, with the elderly, female and urban areas depicting higher levels. Levels of morbidity and hospitalization were higher in the Southern part of Kerala than in Northern Kerala. Conclusions: The emerging pattern of high morbidity in Kerala warrants treatment and constant medical attention in primary and community level, especially among elderly person. There is a need for widened and sustained public health care system with affordable average cost of treatment for NCDs and CVDs at the primary level.

The Kerala Regime and Regional Disparities in Health Infrastructure Versus Outcomes

Conventional wisdom holds that although at the time of Kerala state formation in 1956 the northern region (Malabar) lagged behind the southern region (Travancore-Cochin) in development indicators, interregional disparities reduced considerably in ensuing decades. The reduction in regional disparities is typically attributed to modern Kerala's welfare policy regime, which emphasized greater growth of infrastructure facilities in Malabar. This study presents evidence for health that suggests that while disparities in outcomes reduced over time, disparities in key infrastructural inputs did not reduce. These differing trends for infrastructure and outcomes are consistent with a diminishing returns argument that may have little to do directly with the Kerala regime. Rather, the potency of the Kerala regime lay in its ability to increase development inputs throughout the state (albeit without favoring the lagging region) and consolidate the conditions for 'public action' to effectively demand and utilize these inputs.

Do Socio-economic Development and Improvement of Health Go Together?: A Comparison among Indian States

Social Change, 2010

Socioeconomic development in a country is very much linked with the improvement of overall status of health of the people in the country. The causality works both ways. However, the degree of relations between the two varies over region and time. This article is an attempt to show how health status is linked with the socioeconomic status in different states of India. The health status is seen only for children and women and the data are taken from National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-2 and NFHS-3). For other development parameters National Sample Survey (NSS) data are used. The socioeconomic variables taken for this purpose are head count ratio, real mean consumption, sex ratio, literacy level and infant mortality rate whereas Article Social Change 40(4) 525-543

Interstate Level Comparison of People’s Health Status and the State of Public Health Care Services in India

Journal of Health Management, 2014

Health is an essential component of economic development and there is a strong correlation between health of human population and societal well-being. We cannot just think of the development of the human capital without the development of health and education of the people. However, it is found that although India has made large gains on the health front of its population, there exist wide variations between and within states. While states such as Kerala, Punjab and Tamil Nadu have a very developed health sector and the health indicators of these states are comparable to those of developed middle-income countries, states such as Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, etc., are almost at the level of Sub-Saharan Africa. By using a few of the key health indicators the present article makes a critical analysis of the health status of people in the 17 major states of India, the ongoing health development programmes and the present state of public health c...

Consumption Expenditure and Health Status: A Case of Eloor Municipality; Kerala

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013

Ata in 1978, while reiterating the goal of "health for all", formulated primary health care approach seeking to provide promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services and involving health related sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry, public works etc. (Paniker and Somen 1984). The health status of a population depends upon the maintenance of health. The maintenance of health depends upon the prevention of disease, treatment of disease, and social environment which in turn depends upon wealth and employment. This indicates that there is a direct relationship between the health status of people and their expenditure towards preventive diseases. That means consumption expenditure is one of the determinant of health status. According to World Health Organisation (WHO 2000), Health is a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity". There exist functional relationship between health which is output and health care which is input. In developing country like India, where the only assets of people have their bodies, health assumes even greater significance. If the state exist to safeguard right of its citizen to the fundamental pre requisites of survival, it must also up to its responsibility to protect them from illness and pre mature mortality. (Mishra et al, 2005). Health refers to the well being arising from freedom from diseases. Though well being is experienced at the individual level, the individual concerned is not only the actor in the health process. The other actors include households, community, hospitals, medical industries, government, agencies such as WHO etc. These actors act both independently and jointly.(Brahma Guptan 2004). It is estimated that India spends 0.6% of its GDP on health against 8.3% by Germany, 6.5% by US and 6.3% KSA (ministry of rural development, 2010). Kerala stands unique among Indian states with consistently higher level of human development comparable with that of many advanced countries like USA, France, UK, but with a lower percapita income (Rs 39815). The higher consumption that compelled the state to import a number of consumer goods from other parts of the country, there by turning Kerala state in to a consumer state. In fact some of the multinational corporations even selected Kerala for launching their products. This indicates high degree of consumption prevailing in Kerala. Kerala is well known for its socio-demographic achievements. The current health status of Kerala as indicated by the level of mortality rate, life expectancy of its population is more akin to those of countries with much higher levels percapita income. The estimated life expectancy of Kerala is 71 for males and 76 for females 1n 2010-11.kearala's infant mortality rate 13 per thousand live births in the year 2010-11 was around four times lower than the rate of India as a whole. Very impressive gain has also been made in reducing the birth rate; the total fertility rate has reached 1:7(2008-09) in even lower in some parts. Statement of the problem While Kerala made remarkable achievement with respect to the mortality and fertility, the level of morbidity is reported to be high and this started debate on the " low mortality and high morbidity syndrome" in Kerala. This debate concentrated around whether the high morbidity in Kerala was real perceived, given the high literacy, better health care infrastructure and higher utilisation of health care services. Though Kerala has achieved BIBLIOGRAPHY