Semantic Web Service Composition using Planning and Ontology Concept Relevance (original) (raw)

Semantically Aware Web Service Composition Through AI Planning

International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 2015

Web service composition is a significant problem as the number of available web services increases; however, manual composition is not an efficient option. Automated web service composition can be performed using AI Planning techniques, utilizing descriptions of available atomic web services, enhanced with semantic awareness and relaxation. This paper discusses a unified, semantically aware approach, handling both semantic (OWL-S & SAWSDL) and non-semantic (WSDL) web service descriptions. In the first case, ontology analysis is adopted to semantically enhance the planning domains and problems, in order to deal with cases where exact syntactic input-to-output matching is not feasible. In the non-semantic descriptions case, semantic information is acquired utilizing alternative sources such as lexical thesauri. Concept similarity measures are applied and utilized to achieve the desired degree of semantic relaxation. The solution to a web service composition problem is a plan describin...

The PORSCE II Framework: Using AI Planning for Automated Semantic Web Service Composition

2009

This paper presents PORSCE II, an integrated system that performs automatic semantic web service composition exploiting AI techniques, specifically planning. Essential steps in achieving web service composition include the translation of the web service composition problem into a solver-ready planning domain and problem, followed by the acquisition of solutions, and the translation of the solutions back to web service terms. The solutions to the problem, that is, the descriptions of the desired composite service, are obtained by means of external domain-independent planning systems, they are visualized and finally evaluated. Throughout the entire process, the system exploits semantic information extracted from the semantic descriptions of the available web services and the corresponding ontologies, in order to perform composition under semantic awareness and relaxation. 2 O. HATZI ET AL.

SEMAPLAN: Combining Planning with Semantic Matching to Achieve Web Service Composition

2006 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS'06), 2006

Composing existing Web services to deliver new functionality is a difficult problem as it involves resolving semantic, syntactic and structural differences among the interfaces of a large number of services. Unlike most planning problems, it can not be assumed that Web services are described using terms from a single domain theory. While service descriptions may be controlled to some extent in restricted settings (e.g., intraenterprise integration), in Web-scale open integration, lack of common, formalized service descriptions prevent the direct application of standard planning methods. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to compose Web services in the presence of semantic ambiguity by combining semantic matching and AI planning algorithms. Specifically, we use cues from domain-independent and domain-specific ontologies to compute an overall semantic similarity score between ambiguous terms. This semantic similarity score is used by AI planning algorithms to guide the searching process when composing services. Experimental results indicate that planning with semantic matching produces better results than planning or semantic matching alone. The solution is suitable for semiautomated composition tools or directory browsers.

Context optimization of AI planning for semantic Web services composition

Service Oriented Computing and Applications, 2007

Web services composition techniques are gaining momentum as the opportunity to establish reusable and versatile inter-operability applications. Many researchers propose their composition approach based on planning techniques. We propose our context aware planning method which comprises global planning and local optimization based on context information. The major technical contributions of this paper are: (1) We propose an ontology-based framework for the context-aware composition of Web services. Context model, which are structured based on OWL-S, captures the Service-related, Environment-related, and User-related context and can be used in an unambiguous, machine interpretable form. (2) We propose context-aware plan architecture and thus is more scalability and flexibility for the planning process, and thereby improving the efficiency and precision. (3) We propose a hybrid approach to build a plan corresponding to a context-aware service composition, based on global planning and local optimization, considering both the usability and adoption. We test our approach on a simple, yet realistic example, and the preliminary results demonstrate that our implementation provides a practical solution.

Planning for semantic web services

Semantic Web Services Workshop at 3rd International …, 2004

Using Semantic Web ontologies to describe Web Services has proven to be useful for various different tasks including service discovery and composition. AI planning techniques have been employed to automate the composition of Web Services described this way. Planners use the description of the preconditions and effects of a service to do various sorts of reasoning about how to combine services into a plan. OWL-S 1.1 will support the description of the preconditions and effects of services using OWL statements similar to atoms in Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). Thus, planners are required to understand the semantics of OWL in order to evaluate such preconditions. However, planners typically support only fairly limited reasoning capabilities which cannot handle the expressivity of Semantic Web ontologies. In particular, planners typically make the closed world assumption, whereas OWL has open world semantics. In this paper, we demonstrate how an OWL reasoner can be integrated with an AI planner to overcome these problems. We identify the challenges of writing the service descriptions and reasoning about them when OWL is used to describe preconditions and effects. We also investigate the efficiency of such an integrated system and show how OWL reasoning can be optimized for this system. Finally, we present the performance results of our prototype implementation.

Graph Planning Based Composition For Adaptable Semantic Web Services

Procedia Computer Science, 2017

This paper proposes a context-aware semantic planning graph technique for Web services composition. We first use an ontology based context model for extending Web services descriptions with information about the most suitable context for its use. Then, we transform the composition problem into a semantic context aware graph planning problem to build a set of best composed Web services based on user's context. The construction of the planning graph is based on semantic context-aware Web service discovery. This allow, for each step of the construction, to add most suitable Web services in terms of semantic compatibility between the services parameters, and their context similarity with the user's context. In the backward search step, semantic and contextual similarity scores are used to find composed Web services list. Finally, in the ranking step, a score is calculated for each candidate solution and a set of ranked solutions is returned to the user.

Automatic composition of semantic web services

1st International Conference on …, 2003

With the growing number of Web services, importance of composing existing Web Services into more complex services in order to achieve new and more useful solutions is increasing. However, in order to automatically compose new services, existing services need to be encoded in a machine understandable form. The semantics of a service can be described by annotating it with respect to service ontologies. The goals of automatic composition include reducing the complexity of creating composite services as well as choosing an optimal composition among possible options. This paper describes the Interface-Matching Automatic Composition technique that aims for generation of complex Web Services automatically by capturing user's expected outcomes when a set of inputs are provided; the result is a sequence of services whose combined execution achieves the user goals.

Automatic Semantic Web Services Composition

Web service composition has quickly become an important area of research in the services oriented architecture community. One of the challenges in composition is the existence of heterogeneities between independently created and autonomously managed Web service requesters and Web service providers. Most of the previous work in this area either involve too much human effort or overlook the problem of data heterogeneities, thus cannot automatically generate executable workflow for real-world problems. In this paper ...

A Framework for Semi-automated Web Service Composition in Semantic Web

2013 International Conference on Cloud & Ubiquitous Computing & Emerging Technologies, 2013

Number of web services available on Internet and its usage are increasing very fast. In many cases, one service is not enough to complete the business requirement; composition of web services is carried out. Autonomous composition of web services to achieve new functionality is generating considerable attention in semantic web domain. Development time and effort for new applications can be reduced with service composition. Various approaches to carry out automated composition of web services are discussed in literature. Web service composition using ontologies is one of the effective approaches. In this paper we demonstrate how the ontology based composition can be made faster for each customer. We propose a framework to provide precomposed web services to fulfil user requirements. We detail how ontology merging can be used for composition which expedites the whole process. We discuss how framework provides customer specific ontology merging and repository. We also elaborate on how merging of ontologies is carried out.

Web Services composition - from ontology to plan by query †

Control and Cybernetics, 2011

The paper proposes a method to cover the world of web services with a uniform semantics, possibly simple but enabling to arrange complex flows of service invocations. The flows are built according to fully declarative user's intentions, specified in a lan- guage common for the descriptions of services and for the query. In the approach we model the world of services and of the subjects they operate on using a uniform knowledge database and an object- oriented manner. The current work describes the first phase of the composition: making an abstract plan, i.e., giving an answer how (with what types of services) the required effect can be obtained. The problem of creating a plan is converted to building a specialized graph.