Knowledge and Opinions Regarding Schizophrenia in the Families of Schizophrenic Patients (original) (raw)
Relati ves' Knowledge and Opinions About Schizophrenia
Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge and opinions of schizophrenic patients' relatives regarding the disorder, its causes, treatment methods, and treatment outcomes, as well as to determine the variables that affected their knowledge and opinions. Method: Data were collected by contacting 332 family members living with schizophrenia outpatients that were treated in 2 different healthcare institutions. A questionnaire form was administered to collect data from the family members regarding demographic features, patients' clinical features, and family members' knowledge of the diagnostics of schizophrenia. The questionnaire also contained 22 statements regarding the etiology, treatment methods, and treatment outcomes of schizophrenia. The data were compared in relation to the demographic features of the relatives and the clinical features of the patients. Results: Most of the family members (62%) referred to the disorder as schizophrenia or psychosis, and 17.5% did not know the name of the disorder. Family members thought schizophrenia was a brain disorder (87.7%), a psychological disorder (95.9%), or a personality disorder (67.5%). All participants agreed with the statement, " medical treatment must be followed ". Magical attributions were believed to be involved in the disorder's onset and its treatment by 27.7% of the participants; this belief was correlated with level of education. Duration of the disorder, number of hospitalizations, existence of another psychotic patient in the family, level of education of the family members, and gender were significant predictors for their opinions. Conclusion: Clinical features of the patients and demographic features of the family members have a significant effect on the family members' knowledge and opinions. Outcomes of the present study could be used in the development of psychoeducational programs.
Objective: Educating families and caregivers of schizophrenic patients on controlling and managing the disorder, has found particular importance in clinical psychology. The present study aims to examine the effect of Psychoeducational interventions on illness management in families of schizophrenic patients. Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design, and two control groups. The study sample consisted of 30 families with a schizophrenic member. The families were selected from referrals to a psychiatric center in Tehran (during a period of 40 days) who met the inclusion criteria, and were randomly placed into three groups: an experimental group, a control group with placebo, and a control group without placebo (10 persons in each group). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The experimental group received trainings (a training package) and attended a group discussion on schizophrenia. The placebo group attended similar meetings, but without educational content and group discussion, and the second control group were only assessed in the pretest and posttest. After finishing the training sessions, and following an interval of 3 months, the posttest was conducted for each group. The study data were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). All statistics were carried out using SPSS software, version 11. Results: According to the results, the experimental group had significantly higher gain scores (α≤0.05) than the two control groups, on the following variables: an increase in the adaptability of the patient in daily functioning, from the viewpoint of both a clinical psychologist and the patient’s family, an increase in the family’s knowledge of the illness, and a reduction in the adverse effects of the illness on the family’s feeling and attitude. Conclusion: The present study showed that family education is effective in increasing patients’ adaptability and patients’ family knowledge, and in reducing the adverse effects of the illness.
Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy
The proportion of households with a schizophrenic or psychosis disorder the results of basic health research in 2018 increased to 7%, which is very high compared to 2013 at 1.7 percent. The symptoms displayed by the patient become a burden for the family, one of them; violent behavior disturbing family environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of family psychoeducation to the knowledge of patients to control violent behavior. The respondents in this study were patients with mental disorders with the risk of violent behavior problems as many as 20 people. The selection of respondents was done by using purposive sampling. The respondents were divided into two groups, each of 10 the intervention group and 10 control group. This research is a quasi-experiment. Education is given to the family in 5 sessions. Families were given booklets and workbook as a guide to teach patients. The data analysis was performed using Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon test, to compare the average value of pre-test and post-test intervention group and the control group. The analysis shows the average value of knowledge of patients treated by families who have received psychoeducation (intervention group) better than the control group (Mann Whitney U, p=0.001 and p=0.002, Wilcoxon test). Regular meetings can be scheduled with the family in the form of family psychoeducation to improve their knowledge and ability of the patient so that recurrence can be prevented / minimized.
Proceedings of the 2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019), 2020
Knowledge about psychotic disorders, having a positive attitude towards psychotic disorders and having knowledge about the care required is an important aspect for families caring for and handling psychotic disorders (family caregiver) to provide ongoing care. Psychoeducation can facilitate effective treatment and care through understanding family knowledge and attitudes related to caring for people with psychotics. This study was carried out in Sadangmekar village, Cisarua sub-district, West Bandung, for seven family caregivers who treated family members who were experiencing psychotic disorders using alternative medicine or were left without treatment. Psychoeducation lasts for one day and uses methods of providing information (lectures), discussions, and watching videos. The results showed that after attending caregiver psychoeducation gained knowledge about the symptoms of the disorder (100%), the importance of medical and psychological treatment in managing the disorder (100%), the importance of adherence to treatment (100%) as well as the insight that the family has an important role in sustaining care (100%).
Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care
Background: Familial psycho-education is a training model dedicated to providing essential information and educating families with a psychiatric patient to work with mental health professionals as part of a treatment plan for their ill family members. Objectives: Our aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the family psychological didactic program as an adjunctive treatment to medication in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia to reduce negative and positive symptoms. Methods: In this clinical trial, we included 49 Iranian inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia hospitalized at Shiraz Psychiatric Hospital from September 2016 to May 2017. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 24) and control (n = 25) groups. All groups were prescribed their usual pharmacological treatments. Additionally, in the experimental group, a psychological education intervention was planned for their families. This intervention consisted of six 90-minute sessions that last...
Psychoeducation for schizophrenia
The Cochrane library, 2011
BackgroundSchizophrenia can be a severe and chronic illness characterised by lack of insight and poor compliance with treatment. Psychoeducational approaches have been developed to increase patients' knowledge of, and insight into, their illness and its treatment. It is supposed that this increased knowledge and insight will enable people with schizophrenia to cope in a more effective way with their illness, thereby improving prognosis.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of psychoeducational interventions compared with standard levels of knowledge provision.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (February 2010).We updated this search November 2012 and added 27 new trials to the awaiting assessment section.Selection criteriaAll relevant randomised controlled trials focusing on psychoeducation for schizophrenia and/or related serious mental illnesses involving individuals or groups. We excluded quasi‐randomised trials.Data collection and analysisAt least two review authors extracted data independently from included papers. We contacted authors of trials for additional and missing data. We calculated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data. We used a fixed‐effects model for heterogeneous dichotomous data. Where possible we also calculated the numbers needed to treat (NNT), as well as weighted means for continuous data.Main resultsThis review includes a total of 5142 participants (mostly inpatients) from 44 trials conducted between 1988 and 2009 (median study duration ˜ 12 weeks, risk of bias ‐ moderate). We found that incidences of non‐compliance were lower in the psychoeducation group in the short term (n = 1400, RR 0.52 CI 0.40 to 0.67, NNT 11 CI 9 to 16). This finding holds for the medium and long term. Relapse appeared to be lower in psychoeducation group (n = 1214, RR 0.70 CI 0.61 to 0.81, NNT 9 CI 7 to 14) and this also applied to readmission (n = 206, RR 0.71 CI 0.56 to 0.89, NNT 5 CI 4 to 13). Scale‐derived data also suggested that psychoeducation promotes better social and global functioning. In the medium term, treating four people with schizophrenia with psychoeducation instead of standard care resulted in one additional person showing a clinical improvement. Evidence suggests that participants receiving psychoeducation are more likely to be satisfied with mental health services (n = 236, RR 0.24 CI 0.12 to 0.50, NNT 5 CI 5 to 8) and have improved quality of life.Authors' conclusionsPsychoeducation does seem to reduce relapse, readmission and encourage medication compliance, as well as reduce the length of hospital stay in these hospital‐based studies of limited quality. The true size of effect is likely to be less than demonstrated in this review ‐ but, nevertheless, some sort of psychoeducation could be clinically effective and potentially cost beneficial. It is not difficult to justify better, more applicable, research in this area aimed at fully investigating the effects of this promising approach.Note: the 27 new citations in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of the review once assessed.
A study on the effects of family education in reducing relapsing symptoms in schizophrenic patients
This study is investigating the effects of family education on preventing the relapse in schizophrenic clients. Two questionnaires including evaluating family awareness of schizophrenia and relapse symptoms of schizophrenic patients were used on forty families divided into two groups of control and study. The study group attended six one-hour classes held twice a week. Another evaluation happened after releasing the patients within three months to evaluate their relapse symptoms. The results showed a meaningful difference in awareness level and a decrease in relapse returns of the trained families. Therefore, increasing the level of family education can lead to prevent relapse of these patients.
Efficacy of Psycho-Education with the Patients of Schizophrenia
Eastern Journal of Psychiatry
Psycho-education is a valuable tool in helping clients to know what's wrong with them, what diagnosis they have, how the condition may have developed and what should be done to improve the condition. Present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of psyhcoeducation with the patients of schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 40 schizophrenic patients {20 patients in the treatment group and 20 in the control group). Preassessment of both groups was done for positive and negative symptoms using Scale for the Assessment of Positive symptoms, and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Behavior checklist was used to assess the daily functioning of the patients. The experimental group underwent psycho-education along with pharmacotherapy and control group received only pharmacotherapy. Post assessment was done after one month. Comparison of treatment and control group was done for pre and post-treatment scores. The experimental group showed significant improvement in comparison to control group in negative symptoms (affective flattening/ blunting, a logia, avolition-apathy, and anhedoniaasociality). Significant improvement was noticed in insight and drug compliance.
Psychiatry Research, 2007
Psychosocial research on schizophrenia would benefit from reliable and valid measures of knowledge about schizophrenia. Although a variety of instruments have been developed to assess the effects of specific family psychoeducational programs, little research has been conducted on the psychometric properties of scales measuring knowledge about schizophrenia. This study assessed reliability and validity of a brief, easily administered, multiple-choice knowledge test completed by 441 participants from several samples: 144 lay community members, 77 family members of inpatients with schizophrenia, 170 police officers involved in a training program on mental illnesses, and 50 mental health professionals. After item analysis, good internal consistency reliability and construct validity were demonstrated for an 18-item version of this test. The findings demonstrate that knowledge about schizophreniaa construct with potentially broad applicability in psychosocially oriented schizophrenia researchcan be assessed with brief, self-administered, multiple-choice knowledge tests.
Effect of Psycho-Educational Program for Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia does not cause disturbances for the patients only but also their caregivers. Caring for a family member with schizophrenia is challenging for caregivers because it is extremely stressful burden. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of psycho-educational program for families' caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. Subjects: A convenient sample of families' caregivers of schizophrenic patients (60) (All caregivers are available) Setting: Data were collected from the psychiatric outpatient clinic department at Demera psychiatric hospital. Data collection tools: Five tools were used for data collection Tool 1: Bio-demographic data sheet, which included (a) Demographic data related to caregiver, (b) Demographic data of patient, (c) Clinical data related to the patient, Tool 2: Assess caregivers' knowledge, Tool 3: Assess caregivers' practice, Tool 4: Caregiver burden scale and Tool 5: Caregiver Satisfaction Scale. Results: more than one quarter of caregivers had good knowledge level about all aspects of schizophrenia disease pre-educational program compared to the most of them post & follow-up program, more than half of them had poor practice level pre-educational program compared to the minority of them post-educational program and There was positive moderate association between caregivers' knowledge and their practice post psycho-educational program. Also, there were negative moderate association between caregivers' knowledge and their practice with their burden distress practice post psycho-educational program. Conclusion: The psycho-educational program has a successful effect in changing knowledge, practice and declining the burden of family caregivers for patients with schizophrenia. Recommendation: Facilitating access to psycho-educational programs in psychiatric hospitals and outpatient clinics and to integrate this intervention into the regular treatment plans for patients with schizophrenia.
Psychoeducation for psychotic patients
Biomedical Papers, 2011
Background. Psychoeducation programs have been shown in the last two decades to significantly improve the post-hospital discharge care of individuals with schizophrenia by demonstrated effects on rehospitalization rates, compliance with medication and knowledge. The benefits of psychoeducation can be sustained for up to seven years although most studies have not shown such enduring benefit. Psychoeducation is a type of psychotherapeutic support that aims to provide broad and adequate information on psychotic disorders for both patients and their families.
Patient Education and Counseling, 2009
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Seventy-three clients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and their caregivers (n = 73) were recruited and randomized into a study (n = 36) and control group (n = 37). Ten psychoeducation sessions were provided to the study group. The outcomes were measured at the baseline, immediately after (post-1), six months (post-2), and 12 months after the intervention (post-3). Results: There were significant treatment effects across time for all client outcomes: adherence to medication (p < 0.01), mental status (p < 0.01), and insight into illness (p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found between groups at the post-3 measures for all client outcomes. For the caregivers, significant group differences were only detected in self-efficacy at the post-1 (p = 0.007) and post-2 (p < 0.001) measures, the level of satisfaction at the post-1 (p = 0.033) and post-2 (p < 0.021) measures, and the perception of family burden at the post-2 measures (p = 0.043). Conclusion: A psychoeducation intervention had positive effects on Chinese clients and their caregivers. However, these effects might not be sustained 12 months after the intervention. Practice implications: To substantiate its effects, psychoeducation should be an ongoing intervention, with its outcomes constantly evaluated. ß
2021
Social interventions such as psychoeducation, in conjunction with appropriate antipsychotic medications, positively impact schizophrenic patients’ recovery. The aim of this 12-week study was to compare standard Indonesian mental healthcare for schizophrenia with psychoeducation-enriched care for family members, investigating both family and patient parameters. Sixty-four family participants meeting pre-set criteria were recruited from various online Indonesian community forums, social media, seminars/gathering events, and inpatient visits. Each family member was the main care provider for one patient with a schizophrenia diagnosis. Family participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups (control or intervention); both groups received equal personal time and attention from staff but the control group lacked the specific psychoeducational aspect of the intervention. In comparison with the control group, pre- and post-evaluation revealed significant positive effects in the int...
Eastern Journal of Psychiatry
and family members about the illness and how to take care of themselves while providing care to the patient to avoid expressed emotion toward the patient. So the main aim of conducting this study was to assess the effectiveness of psychoeducation on expressed emotion of family members and patients. hyPotheSeS H 1 : There will be a statistically significant difference between expressed emotion of the family member and psychoeducation at 0.05 level of significance. H 2 : There will be a statistically significant difference between expressed emotion as perceived by the patient with schizophrenia and psychoeducation at 0.05 level of significance. introduction Mental illness has an impact on various aspects of living. Expressed emotion is the negative behavior shown by the family member toward the patient. 1 Expressed emotion is concurrent with mental illness and found to have a negative impact on the health of a psychiatric patient as well as whole family. It is the bad prognostic factor for patients with schizophrenia. The components of expressed emotion include hostility, critical comments, and emotional over-involvement. The quantification of critical comments and hostility is greatly reliant on the way in which the respondent uses their tone of voice to convey their feelings while the judgment of over-involvement also takes into account on the basis of reported behavior. Family environment plays a crucial role in influencing the onset, as well as course of mental illness particularly that of schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders. 2 Researchers found that relapse rate in high expressed emotion group is much higher than low expressed emotion. Sharif et al. conducted a study and the result showed positive effects in reduction of family burden and patients symptoms immediately 1 month after the intervention. 3 Research has shown that adequate psychoeducation program about the mental illness and importance of family support can be taught to family members and patients to increase their knowledge and decreased expressed emotion. It will help the patient in reducing the chances of relapse and rehabilitation cycle and to live an independent life. 4-6 Therefore, it is necessary to assess the prevalence of expressed emotion in the families of mentally ill patients and to teach patients
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2013
Family members often play a vital role as caregivers in the lives of individuals with schizophrenia. Results of the studies showed that family invironment is the most important determinint of patients outcomes like as quality of life, relapse, adherence. This study aimed to determine the effect of group psychoeducational programme on attitude towards mental illness in families of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 74 families who have schizophrenic patients hospitalized in psychiatric wards during sampling were selected by convenience sampling method. Then the sample was randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The families of experimental group received 8 continuous 90-minute 3 times a week psychoeducational sessions. Family attitude towards mental illness was measured using the questionnaire of Opinion about Mental Illnesses (OMI) before and after intervention. Data analysis was conducted using 2 test, independent t-test, and paired t-test on SPSS software version 13. Results: The results showed that majority of the families had negative attitude towards mental illness (88.90%). In addition, the results showed that there was significant difference between different dimensions of attitude towards mental illness before and after psychoeducation in the experimental group. The mean score of families' post-test in the experimental group increased compared to control group 108.86 (14.9), vs. 88.86 (7.5). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that psychoeducation improves family attitude towards mental illness. Training methods like group psych education for the families of mental patients can be effective on their attitudes towards mental illness.