Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bottom Sediments from Three Water Reservoirs, Slovakia (original) (raw)
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Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011
Dredging water reservoirs is necessary to maintain accumulation capacity and to prevent floodings. As a first step, the quality of the bed sediments in water reservoirs must be determined before dredging operations. In this study, sediment samples from 34 stations of three selected water reservoirs (Zemplinska Sirava, Velke Kozmalovce, and Ruzin) were collected to investigate concentrations, distributions, and hazards of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and to predict their possible sources. Total PCB concentrations were in the range of 20.4 to 2,325 ng/g. The maximum concentrations of PCBs were found in sediments from Zemplinska Sirava, which is in the vicinity of a former manufacturer of PCBs. The composition of PCBs was characterized by tri-and hexa-CB congeners, indicating the influence of contamination from the use of specific Delor mixtures, formerly produced and massively used on the territory of Slovakia. The data showed that the highest total PAH concentrations were associated with the sediments from the Velke Kozmalovce, ranging from 7,910 to 29,538 ng/g. On the other hand, the lowest total PAH concentrations (84-631 ng/g of dry weight) were found in the sediments of Zemplinska Sirava, an important recreational area in eastern Slovakia. The distribution of individual PAHs was similar among the three water reservoirs, and this, together with principal component analysis and diagnostic PAH ratios, suggests mainly pyrolytic contamination of the sediments. However, petrogenic inputs appear to be important in the Zemplinska Sirava sediments.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010
The concentrations of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined from 28 sediment samples taken from the Lake Iznik located in the northwest area in Turkey. Total concentration of the PAHs was observed as in the range of 17-835 ng g -1 dry weight, with the highest values recorded offshore the cities of Iznik and Orhangazi, and the Sölöz creek. According to the molecular indices, contamination of the PAHs in the lake was a mixture of the atmospheric input of high temperature pyrolytic processes and the petrogenic sources transported by the creeks. Further, the higher proportion of high molecular-weight PAHs ([85%) suggests the domination of combustion-related sources. Compared to the consensusbased sediment quality guidelines for PAHs, there are no harmful biological effects on the short term to aquatic life.
Deposition Fluxes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Bottom Sediments of Lake Pihkva
Oil Shale, 2013
Traditionally the elevated concentrations of PAHs in the bottom sediments of Lake Peipsi are explained by the influence of oil shale industry. To estimate the role of Narva Power Plants (Narva PP) in the deposition of PAHs, we investigated the 210 Pb dated sediment core from Lake Pihkva, where the influence of oil shale industry should be minimal. The distribution of 15 individual PAHs was established, the observed levels of ΣPAHs ranged between 75 and 345 ng/g. PAHs with 4-5 rings implying petrogenic activity accounted for 74 to 87% of ΣPAHs, which is higher than in a similar investigated profile in Lake Peipsi sensu stricto. It means that the role of oil shale industry in PAHs accumulation is strongly overestimated and there should be many other sources whose role needs further investigation.
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2009
The Scheldt River system is located in northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands and includes a dense network of rivers, which contributed to the urban and industrial development in this area. Three sediment cores, collected in the Upper Scheldt River (Helkijn) and two of its tributaries (the Lys River at Wervik and the Espierre Canal), were analysed for n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total n-alkane and PAH concentrations in all the sampled cores ranged from 2.8 to 29 mg kg À1 and from 4.9 to 96 mg kg À1 , respectively. The contributions of biogenic, petrogenic and pyrolytic sources were investigated using n-alkane indexes and PAH diagnostic ratios. n-alkane chromatograms were characterized by the predominance of odd over even long chain n-alkanes (produced by terrestrial plants) and by the occurrence of a broad unresolved complex mixture (UCM) which evidenced biodegraded petroleum residues. For the three studied cores, correlations between the concentrations of UCM and n-alkanes (both expressed on an organic carbon basis) indicated a common origin or similar pathways of these allochtonous compounds to the aquatic environment. Wervik sediments were distinguished by higher n-alkane concentrations and by a major aquatic biogenic source for low molecular weight n-alkanes. The prevalence of combustion-derived PAHs was indicated by the high contribution of four, five and six rings compounds and was confirmed by isomer ratios. Higher levels of low molecular weight PAHs in Helkijn surface sediments suggested modest petrogenic inputs in this navigable canal. High PAH concentrations in Espierre sediments could be explained by a major historical contamination from urban and industrial emissions.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014
The concentrations of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined from 28 sediment samples taken from the Lake Iznik located in the northwest area in Turkey. Total concentration of the PAHs was observed as in the range of 17-835 ng g -1 dry weight, with the highest values recorded offshore the cities of Iznik and Orhangazi, and the Sölöz creek. According to the molecular indices, contamination of the PAHs in the lake was a mixture of the atmospheric input of high temperature pyrolytic processes and the petrogenic sources transported by the creeks. Further, the higher proportion of high molecular-weight PAHs ([85%) suggests the domination of combustion-related sources. Compared to the consensusbased sediment quality guidelines for PAHs, there are no harmful biological effects on the short term to aquatic life.
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recalcitrant pollutants common in aquatic ecosystems. Although there is a vast literature on PAH contamination, there is a scarcity of information in long-term contaminated ecosystems. This study is the first detailed characterization of PAHs and their sources from riverbank sediments with a historic legacy of pollution. A total of 27 cores were collected at two highly contaminated locations and at one upstream location where apparently there was no PAH contamination. At each location, three cores were taken at three different depths using stainless steel liners. PAHs were extracted by using a modified sonication method followed by identification and quantification by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Twelve PAHs were quantified and sources were identified using PAH ratios. High PAH concentrations (94,000-560,000 lg/kg) were detected making this aquatic ecosystem one of the most polluted in the world. Pyrolytic sources of PAHs was indicated by the large relative contribution of four ring compounds, while high levels of low molecular weight PAHs also suggested input from petrogenic sources. Risk quotients assessment overwhelmingly demonstrated that the riverbank sediments of the Mahoning posed a very high ecological risk to aquatic organisms, even at what was previously considered an unpolluted location. These results suggest that there is a great need for implementation of remediation strategy of the riverbanks.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 2007
The Songhuajiang River watershed is the important industrial and foodstuff base in the northeast part of China. However, the increasing population, industrial and agricultural activities around the Songhuajiang River lead to the introduction of contaminants and the possibility of polluting the river. This investigation represents an extensive study of the spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment samples collected from the Songhuajing River in flood season (August, 2005) and icebound season (December, 2005) by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. In flood season, the total PAHs concentrations in sediments ranged from 84.44 ng g−1 to 14938.73 ng g−1, with average concentration of 2430.37 ng g−1. In icebound season, the total PAHs concentrations in sediments ranged from 23.61 ng g−1 to 15310.25 ng g−1, with average concentration of 1825.60 ng g−1. Compared to the concentration of PAHs between central sediment and riverbank-exposed sediment at some stations, the concentration in exposed sediment was higher than that in the central sediment in the upstream of river. It was also observed that the concentration of PAHs in flood season was higher than that in icebound season. The level of PAHs in the sediments of Songhua River was higher in comparison with values reported from other river and marine systems in the world. The most contaminated sediment samples were found in the upstream area of Songhuajiang River located near Jilin petrochemical industrial company for both flood and icebound seasons. The 4–6 ring PAHs were dominated in sediments due to their higher persistence. There was positive correlation between total PAHs concentration in sediment samples and TOC or LOI (r = 0.62 and r = 0.58, P < 0.01, n = 31). The calculated ratio of selected PAH and principal component analysis (PCA) suggests the contamination source of PAHs were combined inputs of pyrolytic and petrogenic contamination, due to the discharge from municipal and industrial wastewater runoff and atmospheric fallout.
2016
Abstract. Traditionally the elevated concentrations of PAHs in the bottom sediments of Lake Peipsi are explained by the influence of oil shale industry. To estimate the role of Narva Power Plants (Narva PP) in the deposition of PAHs, we investigated the 210Pb dated sediment core from Lake Pihkva, where the influence of oil shale industry should be minimal. The distribution of 15 individual PAHs was established, the observed levels of ΣPAHs ranged between 75 and 345 ng/g. PAHs with 4–5 rings implying petrogenic activity accounted for 74 to 87 % of ΣPAHs, which is higher than in a similar investigated profile in Lake Peipsi sensu stricto. It means that the role of oil shale industry in PAHs accumulation is strongly overestimated and there should be many other sources whose role needs further investigation.