Parallels and contrasts between the science of ozone de pletion and climate change (original) (raw)

Ozone, Climate, and Global Atmospheric Change

Science Activities Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas, 1992

was selected as Virginia's Outstanding Scientist for 1987. Also a recipient of the NASA Medal for Exceptions(scientific Achievement, Dr. ~~~i~~ concentrations of the trace gases are measured in terms of wrote the lead article in the Febmfy-March 1981 issue of Science Activities, entitled "The Early Atmosphere: A New Picture." in addition, Dr. Levine edited and contributed to The Photochemistry of Atmospheres: Earth, the Other Planets, and centimeter of air. Trace gases such as ozone (O& carbon Comets, published by Academic Press, Inc., in 1985, and Global-Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and BIospheric dioxide (CO,), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), chl~rofluorocarbons (CFCs), and halons (brominated CFCs) are measured in parts per million by volume ppmv), parts per billion by volume ppbv), or parts per trillion by volume (pptv). The concentrations of the major and-implIcatIons, published by the MIT Press, Inc., in 1991. http:Nasd-www.larc.nasa.gov/biomassburn/ozone.html 101'2 112004 Ozone, Climate, and Global Atmos Change Table 1-Major and Sdmd 1-Gmes m the Atmoaphere G-Concentration Nitrogen (NJ Oxygen [Od Argon jAr) Water vawr (HLOf 78.08 percent by volume 20.95 percent by vdume 0.93 percent by volume 0 to 1 or 2 percent by wlurne Carbon dioxide (03,) 350 P P W ozone to3 In troposphere In stratosphece 0.02 lo 0.1 ppmu 0.1 rn 10 ppmv Methane [CH,) 1.7 ppmv CFC-12 (CF2ClJ 0.5 ppbv Nitrous oxide {Npf 031 P P CFC-i i [ma,) 0.3 ppbv Habn-1301 (Cf3rF.J 2.0 pptr Halon-121 1 [CBrCIF,) 1.7 pptv Lust Updated: 1 O/OlL?OO2 12:43:45 Web Citrator: P. Kay Costulis (p. k. c o s t i c I i s~l~n r~.. i~~~a~~~~) Responsible NASA Oficial: Dr. Joel S. Levine. Atmospheric Scieiices Conipetericj h ttp://asd-www. larc .nasa.gov/biomass-bundozone. h tml

Role of tropospheric ozone increases in 20th-century climate change

Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006

1] Human activities have increased tropospheric ozone, contributing to 20th-century warming. Using the spatial and temporal distribution of precursor emissions, we simulated tropospheric ozone from 1890 to 1990 using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) chemistry model. Archived three-dimensional ozone fields were then used in transient GISS climate model simulations. This enables more realistic evaluation of the impact of tropospheric ozone increases than prior simulations using an interpolation between preindustrial and present-day ozone. We find that tropospheric ozone contributed to the greater 20th-century warming in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics compared with the tropics and in the tropics compared with the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. Additionally, ozone increased more rapidly during the latter half of the century than the former, causing more rapid warming during that time. This is especially apparent in the tropics and is consistent with observations, which do not show similar behavior in the extratropics. Other climate forcings do not substantially accelerate warming rates in the tropics relative to other regions. This suggests that accelerated tropospheric ozone increases related to industrialization in the developing world have contributed to the accelerated tropical warming. During boreal summer, tropospheric ozone causes enhanced warming (>0.5°C) over polluted northern continental regions. Finally, the Arctic climate response to tropospheric ozone increases is large during fall, winter, and spring when ozone's lifetime is comparatively long and pollution transported from midlatitudes is abundant. The model indicates that tropospheric ozone could have contributed about 0.3°C annual average and about 0.4°C-0.5°C during winter and spring to the 20th-century Arctic warming. Pollution controls could thus substantially reduce the rapid rate of Arctic warming.

Climate Change and Ozone Depletion

Understanding Environment, 2004

Magnus Andersson, energy systems; Richard S.J. Tol, effects of global warming; L. Phil Graham and Sten Bergström, climate modelling and hydrology; Lars Rydén, energy systems and stratospheric ozone; Christian Azar, carbon dioxide reduction. "In fact we are constructing these scenarios with the hope and even intention that they will not come true." Markku Rummukainen, Director of the SWECLIM laboratory at the Rossby Centre of the Swedish Hydrometeorological Institute in a discussion on climate change in the Swedish Radio the hot summer 2002.

Effects of Changed Climate Conditions on Tropospheric Ozone over Three Centuries

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 2012

The ozone chemistry in four decades (1890s, 1990s, 2090s and 2190s) representing the changes over three centuries has been simulated using the chemistry version of the atmospheric long-range transport model: the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) forced with meteorology projected by the ECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model. The largest changes in meteorology, ozone and its precursors are found in the 21st century, however, also significant changes are found in the 22nd century. At surface level the ozone concentration is projected to increase due to climate change in the areas where substantial amounts of ozone precursors are emitted. Elsewhere a significant decrease is projected at the surface. In the free troposphere a general increase is found in the entire Northern Hemisphere except in the tropics, where the ozone concentration is decreasing. In the Arctic the ozone concentration will increase in the entire air column, which most likely is due to changes in atmospheric transport. Changes in temperature, humidity and the naturally emitted Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are governing the changes in ozone both in the past, present and future century.

• Global Warming & Ozone Layer Depletion – the Missing Links

2013

It is now long enough we have been struggling to control global warming and the depletion of the Ozone layer, but any concrete solution is yet farfetched. In this paper we shall budge step wise to understand and solve the issues. In this paper I have taken the problem from the very fundamentals and a stepwise approach to addressing the issue. The first step being what exactly is Ozone layer? How it is formed? What are the hazards of its depletion? Why the CO2 levels have been rising? What are the hazards of increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere? Where does this extra CO2 come from and what should be done to get rid of it? Why the O2 levels are receding? What could be the potential effects of reduction in O2 level? How to replenish the same simultaneously addressing the issues of Ozone depletion and Global warming? It will be important to note that we have reached to one simple solution to solve all the three problems; we shall see them step by step.