Comparative field permeability measurement of permeable pavements using ASTM C1701 and NCAT permeameter methods (original) (raw)
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Green Streets, Highways, and Development 2013, 2013
Permeable pavements have been gaining popularity throughout North America. Permeable pavements typically consist of pervious concrete, porous asphalt or permeable interlocking concrete block paving units over an open grade base/subbase layer(s). Permeable pavements are designed to infiltrate stormwater, reduce peak flows, filter and clean contaminants in the water stream and promote groundwater recharge. They have become an integral part of low impact design and best management practices for stormwater management. In order to be effective, permeable pavements must be designed to provide sufficient structural capacity to accommodate the anticipated vehicle loadings as well as deal with stormwater flowing into and out of the permeable pavement. While there have been many well designed and constructed permeable pavements, this is a relatively new technology and there have been some "issues" with their performance. This paper describes some of the basics of best practices, design, construction and maintenance considerations for permeable pavement design and construction and focuses on best practices of permeable pavement design and construction in North America.
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Environmental Earth Sciences, 2019
This paper reviews the current status of permeable pavement research and limitations of its applicability. This discusses the influence of design factors such as permeable pavement type, mix design of porous concrete/asphalt, aggregate materials, particle size and distribution, sub-base depth, and layer setting on hydraulic, structural, and environmental performances of the pavement. Findings of this review demonstrate that the uptake of permeable pavement systems as a stormwater best management practice is relatively limited and slow due to lack of in-depth scientific understanding and economic uncertainties. It confirms the necessity of undertaking further research to fill the knowledge gap by providing practical solutions supported by new knowledge and innovations on permeable pavemen systerms. Followings have been identified as challengers and needs for future research on permeable pavement systems: (a) unavailability of cost data and difficulties of estimation of intangible benefits; (b) co-optimising environmental, hydraulic, and structural performances by modifying design; (c) difficulties of simulating actual field condition to investigate the clogging phenomena via laboratory experiments; (d) modelling the relationship of design variations with structural, hydraulic, and environmental performance; (e) developing a standard maintenance procedure to restore infiltration capacity; and (f) improving the bearing capacity of the structure to withstand higher vehicular loads and speeds.
Review of environmental performance of permeable pavement systems: state of the knowledge
Water Quality Research Journal, 2013
Permeable pavement (PP) systems provide opportunities to mitigate the impacts of urbanization on receiving water systems by providing at source treatment and management of stormwater. However, they do not receive mainstream use throughout much of Canada and the USA because of a lack of local guidance documents, demonstration projects and performance data. Studies have repeatedly shown that PPs attenuate stormwater flows by reducing volume and frequency of stormwater flows, reducing and delaying peak flow rates, and increasing flow durations. PP systems have been shown to improve stormwater quality by reducing stormwater temperature, pollutant concentrations and pollutant loadings of suspended solids, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and some nutrients. This review is intended as a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge of the environmental performance of PP systems. Published research is synthesized to examine the hydrologic performance, impacts to water qua...
International journal of transportation science and technology, 2019
In the future, permeable pavements including the full depth permeable pavement (FDPP) will be part of an integrated sustainable transportation program. When designed properly, FDPP can be used as an alternative best management practice (BMP) for stormwater runoff management. From a practical point of view, FDPP must maintain specific characteristics throughout the life of the pavements : (1) have adequate subgrade reservoir capacity to capture runoff volume, (2) surface pavement remain highly permeable and unclogged, (3) allowing minimum permeability of subgrade soil to infiltrate the captured runoff, and (4) assuring no adverse impact on underground water. During the past ten years the University of California Pavement Research Center (UCPRC) conducted numerous research studies to address some of the above critical questions related to the application of permeable pavement with respect to the highway stormwater runoff management. The focus of this paper is to discuss and summarize the major findings of these collective studies related to: (1) hydraulic performance evaluation of permeable pavement, (2) permeability measurement of porous asphalt and pervious concrete paved surfaces, (3) clogging evaluation of permeable pavement surfaces, and (4) water quality and pollution control issues.
Permeable pavement in northern North American urban areas: research review and knowledge gaps
International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2017
A majority of existing permeable pavement installations are related to parking lots and commercial areas with low speeds and light traffic loads. During the past two decades, a tremendous amount of progress has been made with regard to the application of permeable pavements regarding mix design, hydrologic design, water quality assessment and maintenance requirements. Review of the literature revealed, however, that there are still many important questions that must be answered before permeable pavements can be fully integrated in urban roads, especially in highways with high speeds and loads. This paper summarises the major research progress in the above listed areas and identifies research needs. Research needs are summarised under four topics: (1) structural and materials property, (2) hydrologic performance, (3) water quality and (4) maintenance. Research needs are further organised based on their immediate, short-term and long-term impact.
A Study on Permeability Characteristics of Asphalt Pavements
Transportation Research, 2019
Ingress of moisture during early pavement life leads to undue deflection, increase of pore pressure under traffic, stripping of bitumen from aggregate and ultimately, reduction in strength. It is important to evaluate the sensitivity of asphalt mixes to the ingress of water, which can be quantified in terms of permeability (or hydraulic conductivity). The primary objective of the present study was to characterise permeability of a newly laid asphalt pavement through field-based and laboratory-based measurements. Field permeability of a newly laid pavement was measured at different sections in longitudinal as well as transverse directions. Cores were extracted from the locations where field permeability tests were conducted. Loose mixtures were also collected from plant and were compacted in laboratory to different air void contents through variable compactive effort. Permeability of field cores and laboratory compacted mixtures was determined in laboratory. Results indicated significant differences in field and laboratory permeability values. Field permeability showed a strong positive correlation with laboratory determined permeability of cores and compacted samples. Transverse variation of permeability was also found to be quite significant. All measured permeability values had a positive correlation with air voids. Statistical modelling of permeability-air void data was also attempted.
Sustainability, 2021
Due to urbanization, large portions of vegetated territory have been replaced by waterproof surfaces. The consequences are greater outflows, lower infiltration, and lower evapotranspiration. Pavement systems made with permeable surfaces allow the infiltration of water, ensuring reduction of runoff volume. In this paper, the methods of analysis of the hydrological and environmental performance of the pavement systems are reviewed in the context of urban drainage and regarding their durability. The purpose is to present an overview of the studies published during the last decade in the field. The Pubmed and Web Science Core Collection electronic databases were used to conduct the scientific literature survey. This generated 1238 papers, of which only 17 met the criteria and were included and discussed in this review. The evidence drawn from the knowledge on which the document is based provides useful critical interpretations of existing studies to progress the current understanding on...
A Side-by-Side Comparison of Pervious Concrete and Porous Asphalt1
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2012
This article compares the performance of two permeable pavements, pervious concrete and porous asphalt, that were installed side-by-side in fall 2007. Because the pavements are located directly adjacent to one another, they experience the same vehicle loads, precipitation, and pollution loads. These permeable pavements are part of an infiltration stormwater control measure (SCM). This article focuses on the comparison of water quality parameters, maintenance and durability, and user perception. Eleven different water quality parameters were analyzed at this site for 19 different storm events over a one year period: pH, conductivity, total suspended solids, chlorides, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total dissolved copper, total dissolved lead, total dissolved cadmium, total dissolved chromium, and total dissolved zinc. Results from the two pavement types were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The only parameter that was found to be statistically different between the two pavements was pH. Periodic inspection of the two pavement types indicated that after two years of use both pavements were wearing well. However, there was some evidence of clogging of both pavements and some evidence of surface wear. A survey of users of the lot indicated that the perception of these permeable pavements was favorable.
New Developments in Permeable Pavement Design to Improve Water Quantity and Quality
Pervious Pavements System (PPS) have been shown to possess a wide range of properties to effectively manage stormwater at source. The most popular PPS structure used in the UK and Spain consists of a permeable surface made of different materials such as interlocking concrete blocks, porous concrete, porous asphalt and reinforced grass, a base layer of aggregates, a sub-base layer of gravel, and an intermediate layer of geotextile between the base and the sub-base layer. This paper reports on an investigation of the properties of a novel structure called OASIS® which was designed at Coventry University as an enhancement of the commercially available geotextiles when incorporated in the PPS. The impact of OASIS® on the hydraulic behaviour of a PPS was analyzed through the study of infiltration rate, throughout the PPS and time required to reach the steady-state stage behaviour of the water within the PPS, under extreme rainfall intensities of 100 mm/hr, 200 mm/hr and 400 mm/hr, corres...
Permeable Pavement Design and Construction Case Studies in North America
2014
Permeable pavements typically consist of pervious concrete, porous asphalt, permeable interlocking concrete paving units or grid type systems over an open-graded base/subbase layer(s). Permeable pavements infiltrate stormwater, reduce peak flows, filter and clean contaminants and promote groundwater recharge. They have gained substantial popularity in North America and have become an integral part of low impact design and best management practices for stormwater management. In order to be effective, permeable pavement must be designed to provide sufficient structural capacity to accommodate the anticipated vehicle loadings, manage stormwater flowing into the surface and soil subgrade, as well water draining out of the base/subbase. While there are many well-designed and constructed permeable pavements, they are a relatively new technology with some projects performing below design expectations. This paper describes some essential best practices for permeable pavement design and construction, and focuses on lessons learned from case studies of permeable pavement construction in North America. Included are driveways, parking areas, roadways, roadways shoulders, walkways and unusual uses of permeable pavements subjected to heavy loadings including buses and even military tanks.