Kazepov-2004-Cities-of-Europe-Changing-Contexts-Local-Arrangements-and-the-Challenge-to-Social-Cohesion (original) (raw)
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Municipalities and regions in locational competition — New economic considerations
Intereconomics, 2010
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 1997
This paper was originally prepared for delivery at a workshop on Regulatory and Institution reform in the Transitional Economies, Warsaw, November 1995. open liberal regionalism develop or will the economic groups take on the character of rival political blocs? (3) These stories are connected: national developments and regional trajectories will be inter-tangled. Indeed, one organizing proposition of the essay is that national developments-expressed variously as the distinct capacities of the entire economy to sustain productivity increases, as the distinct technological capabilities and trajectories, and as nationally distinctive firm approaches to market strategy and production organization-must be situated in the context of a home region's market dynamics and political relations. The notion is that the regional context, a regionally defined set of constraints and possibilities, sets distinctive tasks and solutions-hence encourage specific routes for economic development. We specify that context using a series of concepts. The "Regional Architecture" is the institutional house built up around the bare bones of power relations. (4) That institutional house is constructed with both political/security arrangements and economic institutions. That architecture, together with a more traditional notion of industrial organization, represents a "Regional Framework of Incentives and Constraints" that confronts economic actors. The interplay of the actors within the "Framework" creates in its turn a distinct market "logic" or dynamic. Just as the distinct structure of national political economies produces distinct patterns of political behavior and economic development that can be usefully compared, so do variations in regional architectures, frameworks, and dynamics. (5) This essay suggests that developments in one region, Asia, serve as a means to understand developments in another region, Europe. The changing European Regional Architecture suggests a new "Framework" that may induce cross-national production networks of the form observed in Asia. Significant features of the present European situation are clarified by looking through a comparative regional lens. Part I of the paper sketches our interpretation of the emerging "global" economy as a story of regions, nationally rooted corporations, and the changing terms of competition and development characterized as "Intelism". Part II specifies the Asian architecture and develops the optic of cross-national production networks that have emerged in Asia as distinguishing features of many corporate strategies and third tier Asian development policies. (6) An analysis of cross-national production networks is ineluctably the tale of that entire region's trajectory of industrial development. Part III proposes that as Europe's Regional Architecture has changed. The resulting shifts in the " framework of constraints and possibilities" opens the possibility that the market dynamics typical of the Asian region will emerge in Europe. Those possibilities, in our view, are not easily evident either in an examination of the Eastern transition or the present developments of Western Europe. Rather they are best and perhaps only discovered in a comparative regional perspective. The optic of cross-national production networks provides an alternative perspective on the story of East European economic transition to that of the literature on Central/Eastern European firm-building and state-building.
Desenvolvimento industrial e território: Actas do …, 1998
Periodically, exceptional competitive pressures force all capitalist enterprises to the reexamine the precise way in which they produce. Typically, this not only involves reviewing quantitative and qualitative aspects of the labour process prevailing within the firm, but also the backward and forward linkages in which it customarily has been involved. For major industrial companies (not to mention parts of the public sector, too), the economic crisis of 1979-83 called for more than the physical relocation of all or part of production to a lowercost location. Many enterprises undertook a radical restructuring of their production system and commercial relations, to the point where one could almost see the walls of factories and offices moving inwards, with hitherto core activities being ‘bought in’ or ‘put out to tender’. To survive and subsequently recover from the crisis, not only did major industrial enterprises have to seek out new markets, but also had to concentrate on aspects of their business where productivity (and thus profit margins) could be maintained at a high level, which often meant externally sourcing a larger proportion of inputs, components and services than before. From the spatial perspective, global economic and territorial restructuring, overlaid with the specificities of European integration, has resulted in a complex and uneven shifting of industrial space. This process has affected both metropolitan localities whose recent experience had been that of de-industrialisation and secular economic decline, as well as rural localities hitherto relatively untouched by mainstream industrial diffusion, and whose patterns of consumption only recently have been more fully incorporated into national and global markets. Both types of locality now find themselves at the frontier of a newly defined industrial space and, as such, are exposed to pressures outside their experience, to which somehow they have to adapt. The present chapter attempts to explore the key issues relating to the above-mentioned processes.
Reshaping economic geography : implications for new EU member states
2009
• Make economic borders 'thinner'. Economic divisions to the mobility of people and products remain considerable between new EU member states. Reforms to reduce these divisions should remain high on the agenda even during the financial crisis. In the EU15 2 , as governments deliberate economic stimulus programs, they should resist the temptation of nationalism that would make their borders 'thicker'. • Welcome rising economic density. The lesson of history is that greater international convergence is accompanied by a concentration of production in leading areas and cities. Governments should not resist domestic concentration of economic activity-the very nature of growth and competitiveness. • Deepen institutional convergence. While infrastructure and placebased investments are often seen as critical, the mainstay of a strategy for economic integration is common institutions that facilitate mobility of goods, services, capital, ideas, and labor. New member states should continue their efforts to harmonize trade, financial and employment regulations.