Analysis of Basic and Linear Morphometric Parameters using GIS - A Case Study on Subwatersheds of Gagadio River Watershed of Shetrunji Basin (original) (raw)
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GIS based Morphometric Analysis of Gagadio River Watershed of Shetrunji Basin
—The watershed is a geo-hydrological area on which the precipitation occurs and drains towards the common outlet and there is a harmony among the soil, water, land-use and geomorphology. So it's more significant to take the watershed as a development unit. The morphometric characteristics are commonly used to develop regional hydrological models particularly in the case of unguaged catchment. The morphometric analysis is carried out for Gagadio watershed having 521.55km 2 area located in Amreli district of Gujarat. Gagadio river is a major left bank tributary of Shetrunji river. Using GIS techniques, the basic parameters (basin area, basin perimeter, basin length, total number and length of streams of each order), linear parameters (bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, texture ratio, length of overland flow) and shape parameters (form factor, shape factor, elongation ratio, circulatory ratio, compactness coefficient) are calculated. Gagadio watershed is of 6 th order and it has parallel drainage pattern. Mean bifurcation ratio (4.02) indicates geologically controlled drainage pattern. Drainage density (2.04) and stream frequency (1.86) are moderate. Texture ratio (4.11) indicates moderate drainage texture and length of overland flow is 1.02. The shape parameters indicate elongated shape of watershed & correspondingly low peak discharges and less erodibility.
Geographical information system (GIS) has emerged as a professional tool in demarcation of drainage pattern and ground water potential and its planning. GIS and image processing techniques can be utilized for the identification of morphological characteristics and investigating properties of basin. The morphometric parameters of basin can deal with linear, areal and relief features. The present study deals mainly with the geometry, more importance being given on the evaluation of morphometric parameters such as stream order (Nu), stream length (Lu), bifurcation ratio (Rb), drainage density (D), stream frequency (Fs), texture ratio (T), elongation ratio (Re), circularity ratio (Rc), and form factor ratio (Rf) etc. Study area is Phulambri river basin located in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state in India. The GIS based Morphometric analysis of this drainage basin revealed that the Girja-Purna is 6th order drainage basin and drainage pattern mainly in dendritic type thereby indicates homogeneity in texture and lack of structural control. Total number of streams is 1616, in which 895 are first order, 391 are second order, 196 are third order and 97 are fourth order streams and 36 of the fifth order and 1 of the sixth order. The length of stream segment is maximum for first order stream and decreases as the stream order increases. The drainage density (Dd) of study area is 0.030 km/km 2 .
A GIS-based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Kanhar River Basin, India
Applied Water Science, 2014
The study indicates that analysis of morphometric parameters with the help of geographic information system (GIS) would prove a viable method of characterizing the hydrological response behaviour of the watershed. It is also well observed that remote sensing satellite data is emerging as the most effective, time saving and accurate technique for morphometric analysis of a basin. This technique is found relevant for the extraction of river basin and its stream networks through ASTER (DEM) in conjunction with remote sensing satellite data (Landsat etm?, 2013 and georeferenced survey of Indian toposheet, 1972). In this study, Kanhar basin a tributaries of Son River has been selected for detailed morphometric analysis. Seven sub-watersheds are also delineated within this basin to calculate the selected morphometric parameters. Morphometric parameters viz; stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, form factor, circulatory ratio, etc., are calculated. The drainage area of the basin is 5,654 km 2 and shows sub-dendritic to dendritic drainage pattern. The stream order of the basin is mainly controlled by physiographic and lithological conditions of the area. The study area is designated as seventhorder basin with the drainage density value being as 1.72 km/km 2 . The increase in stream length ratio from lower to higher order shows that the study area has reached a mature geomorphic stage.
A GIS-based morphometric analysis of Kandaihimmat watershed, Hoshangabad district, M.P. India
2018
A GIS based morphometric analysis of Kandaihimmat Watershed, which is a part of Tawa river basin of Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh India, was carried out in the study. Drainage map of the watershed was prepared from Survey of India Toposheets (SOI) No.55 F/14 on scale 1: 50,000. Drainage pattern of watershed exhibits dendritic to the sub-dendritic pattern. The stream order range from I to Vth order. Morphometric parameters viz; number and length of streams, drainage density, drainage frequency, bifurcation and texture ratio were calculated. The shape parameters also determined include form factor, circularity and elongation ratio and basin relief. High drainage density (2.67 km/km2) of the watershed is the signature of impermeable subsoil material, sparse vegetation and high relief. High texture ratio indicates high runoff and high erosion potential of the watershed. Bifurcation, elongation, circularity ratio and form factor indicate shape of the basin as elongated to nearly c...
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2018
Understanding the behavior of surface drainage network is one of the important prerequisite condition for effective planning and management of water resources within the watershed. Morphometric analysis of a watershed is a crucial step in watershed development and management to understand and interpret the dynamics of drainage system of the watershed and is useful for interpretation of silent features of drainage network. A morphometric analysis was carried out to evaluate the drainage characteristics of Mohalkhad watershed which covers an area about 54 km2 in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Geospatial technique/tool such as Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS was used to evaluate the linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. RS and GIS technique is very helpful over the conventional methods that are too laborious and cumbersome. To carry out this study, Survey of India (SOI) toposheet of 1:50,000 scale and ASTER DEM (30 m resolution) data were used and analysis was carried out in ArcGIS 10.5 software. Total 21 morphometric parameters of Mohalkhad watershed were evaluated considering the linear, areal and relief aspects. The significance of each morphometric parameter with the hydrological behavior of the watershed is discussed in this study. This exercise provide detailed insight into drainage system of the Mohalkhad watershed, which is useful for the development and management of water conservation measures in the area.
Journal of the Geological Society of India, 2012
In this present study, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques were used to update drainage and surface water bodies and to evaluate linear, relief and aerial morphometric parameters of the two sub-watersheds viz. Jilugumilli and Regulapadu in the northern part of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The area of Jilugumilli and Regulapadu watersheds spread over about 110 & 80 sq. km respectively. The morphometric analysis of the drainage networks of Regulapadu and Jilugumilli sub-watersheds exhibit sub-dendritic and sub parallel drainage pattern. The variation in stream length ratio changes due to change in slope and topography. It was inferred from the study that the streams are in a mature stage in Regulapadu and Jilugumilli watersheds, which indicated the geomorphic development. The variations in bifurcation ratio values among the sub-watersheds are described with respect to topography and geometric development. The stream frequencies for both sub-watersheds exhibit positive correlation with the drainage density, indicating increase in stream population with respect to increase in drainage density. The Jilugumilli watershed has a coarse drainage texture and Regulapadu sub-watershed is a fine drainage texture in nature. In the present study an attempt has been made to analyse the morphometric analysis of two sub-watersheds under different physiographic conditions. Morphometric analysis is one of the essential analyses required for development and management of watershed.
Morphometry Analysis Using SAGA GIS: A Case Study of Watershed -63 of Narmada River, Gujarat, India
Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 2019
Morphometry is a term which includes the measurement and mathematical assessment of earth's surface and the dimension of the landforms. The aim of this study is to use GIS technique and remote sensing data integrally which will show how morphometry parameters are responsible for causing sedimentation by extracting river basin, stream networks and analyzing such parameters through Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), Digital Elevation Model (DEM). SAGA (System for Automated Geo-Scientific Analysis) GIS software with version 6.3.2 used for preparation of maps and to verify the spatial extent of area. Watershed number-63 of Narmada river is selected for research work which is lying in middle Narmada river basin, situated in two districts, Narmada district of Gujarat and Nan durbar district of Maharashtra. The watershed contains 2 sub-watersheds. Integral results obtained from satellite data and GIS technique shows that study area comes under very high to severe soil erosion class because moderate to steep slope, moderate land use, homogeneity in basin texture, lack or moderate structural control exists. The study concludes that morphometric analysis along with GIS technique proves to be very helpful to identify the geo-hydrological, geomorphological characteristics of basin for planning, sustainable development and management of watershed.
Natural resource conservation and its sustainable planning and development of a river basin can be done satisfactory by morphometric characteristics analysis. In the present study, Survey of India toposheets no. 45H/9, 45H/10, 45H/13, 45H/14, 45L/1 and 45L/2, were used to evaluate hydro morphometric characteristics (viz. Linear, aerial and relief) of Upper Berach river basin in GIS environment using the ARC GIS 10.1 software. Results reveals that the total area of river basin covers 1095.98 km2, which divided in two sub-basins, covers the area of 431.08 and 664.90 km 2 respectively. Dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern with stream orders of sub-basins, are found with ranged from VI to VII orders. Sub-basin stream length ratios are changing haphazardly which is indicating differences in slope and topographic conditions. Mean bifurcation ratio values vary from 3.28 to 4.13. Drainage density shows variation from 1.77 to 1.84 km/km 2 in the whole river basin and sub-basins. The values of form factor and circularity ratio are varied from 0.15 to 0.23 and 0.24 to 0.47, in the whole river basin and sub-basins The ruggedness number of river basins, sub-basin-1 and sub-basin-2 are 0.83, 0.40 and 0.83.
A GIS-based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Rihand River Basin, Central India
The study on morphometric attributes of the Rihand River Basin (RRB) in Central India was carried out for characterizing the hydrological response behavior using geographic information system (GIS). The RRB supports production of more than 20,000 MW electricity from coal-based thermal power plants. In light of this the management of RRB becomes paramount to sustain the industrial needs and livelihood of more than two million people in the study area. The Rihand River Basin comprises a dendritic drainage pattern where the maximum number of streams was found in the first order and the stream order increased with decrease in stream number. The mean bifurcation ratio was 1.57 which indicates that the drainage pattern is not affected by structural disturbances. The mean value of stream frequency, drainage density and drainage texture was 0.60 km/km 2 , 0.06 and 0.03, respectively. These characteristics showed dominance of coarse drainage texture , low runoff, low erosional potential, permeable sub-surface material, high vegetation cover and low relief. The elongation ratio and form factor were 0.25 and 0.30, respectively, which suggest elongated shape of the basin having a flatter peak of flow for longer duration. Flood flows of such elongated basin are easier to manage and would be helpful in determining the effect of the catchment characteristics on hydrological assessment of the study area. The dominant slopes were east facing indicating high moisture content and low evaporation in the study area. The slope map revealed gentle and moderate nature which are excellent for groundwater recharge in the RRB. Keywords Drainage Á GIS Á Rihand River Basin Á SRTM DEM Á Morphometry
Quantitative Geomorphological Analysis of a Watershed of Ravi River Basin, H.P. India
In the present paper, an attempt has been made to study the quantitative geomorphological analysis of a watershed of Ravi river basin in Himachal Pradesh, India. Authors have evaluated the morphometric characteristics on the basis of Survey of India toposheets at 1:50,000 scale, and CartoSAT-1 DEM data with 2.5m spatial resolutions. For this detailed study, CartoSAT-1 based DEM, and GIS were used in evaluation of linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. Watershed boundary, flow accumulation, flow direction, flow length, stream ordering have been prepared using ArcHydro Tool; and contour, slope-aspect, hillshade have been prepared using Surface Tool in ArcGIS-10 software, and DEM. Authors have computed more than 53 morphometric parameter of all aspects. Based on all morphometric parameters analysis; that the erosional development of the area by the streams has progressed well beyond maturity and that lithology has had an influence in the drainage development. This study is very useful for planning rainwater harvesting and watershed management.