Association of some phthalocyanines: from solutions to thin films (original) (raw)
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Thin-film materials based on phthalocyanine derivatives: structure and physico-chemical properties
ITM Web of Conferences, 2019
In order to establish the effect of the molecular structure of mix-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives on its supramolecular organization in thin-films, the floating layers of three A 3 B-type phthalocyanine derivatives were obtained. Their supramolecular organization was determined and it was found that the studied compounds form homogeneous stable floating layers on the water surface. Structure parameters of floating layers depend both on the length of aliphatic substituents (R = C n H 2n+1) and the metal complexing agent. Ligands I and II form stable monolayer structures, which the layer packing periods increase with the elongation of aliphatic substituents: the lattice parameter (d) is 1.93 and 2.3 nm for ligands I (n = 6) and II (n = 8), correspondingly. During further compression of the formed monolayers, ligands I and II form stable bilayers, in which the arrangement of molecules remains similar to the structure of the previous monolayers. These bilayers contain minor inclusions of 3D aggregates. Metal complex III forms only stable monolayer (d = 2.06 nm), upon further compression of which 3Daggregates included in the monolayer are formed.
Alkyl chain effects in thin films of substituted phthalocyanines studied using infrared spectroscopy
Applied Surface Science, 2005
Thin films (2-50 nm) of unsubstituted and 1,4-octa-alkyl substituted zinc phthalocyanines were investigated using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, whereas the alkyl chains are C 4 H 7 , C 7 H 13 , C 10 H 19 . The absorption bands in the whole spectral range are discussed. We observe distinct differences in the spectra between the alkyl substituted Phthalocyanine (Pc) compounds. In contrast to PcZn and (but) 8 PcZn, the spectra of (hep) 8 PcZn and (dec) 8 PcZn show two additional features in the spectral range between 3700 and 3000 cm À1 , which are discussed in detail. #
(2006) Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopic studies of phthalocyanine and its complexes thin films
Thin films of phthalocyanine and its complexes [magnesium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc and lead phthalocyanine] have been prepared by vacuum evaporation technique. The morphology of the deposited films has been studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The absorption, transmission and reflection spectra of these films have been studied in the wavelength range from 300 to 1000 nm. The optical band gap has been calculated from the absorption coefficient. It depending on the number of electron in the outer shell of the central metal. The extinction coefficient has been calculated directly from the spectra data. Also, the refractive indexes have been measured and discussed in the same range of wavelength from the absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient.
ChemInform, 2001
The central subject of this article is the description of the current work of the authors in the context of the Cost Action 518, project DE-1, and the Phthalocyanines Research Training Network, both ®nanced by the European Community. The aim of the above projects is the design, synthesis, and structural and physical characterization of molecular and polymeric materials based on phthalocyanine derivatives with particular optical properties, as well as the study of their technological applications in the sensors ®eld.
Phthalocyanines and phthalocyanine analogues: The quest for applicable optical properties
Monatshefte für Chemie …, 2001
The central subject of this article is the description of the current work of the authors in the context of the Cost Action 518, project DE-1, and the Phthalocyanines Research Training Network, both ®nanced by the European Community. The aim of the above projects is the design, synthesis, and structural and physical characterization of molecular and polymeric materials based on phthalocyanine derivatives with particular optical properties, as well as the study of their technological applications in the sensors ®eld.
A. TIMOUMI, 2017
This study targeted the synthesis of palladium(II) phthalocyanine (PdPc), palladium(II) tetranitrophthalocyanine (O-PdPc) and α-polymorphic palladium(II) phthalocyanine (α-PdPc) thin films, all of which were deposited on glass substrates using the thermal evaporation technique. From the spectroscopy analysis, it was observed that the B-band absorption of these films occurred in the 310–350 nm range. The peaks observed in the Q-band region, which occurred in the 634–715 nm range, were responsible for the green color of this complex. These transitions were assigned to - *. The UV–VIS spectra of palladium (II) phthalocyanine displayed a narrow Q-band and split bands; the split bands indicate the presence of monomeric and dimeric forms of palladium (II) phthalocyanine. Analysis of optical absorption data of the deposited films revealed direct band gap energies of 3.68, 3.10 and 3.54 eV for PdPc, O-PdPc, and α-PdPc, respectively. The surface morphology of the thin films was investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy, which showed that the polymers grew in aggregated rows.
Preparation of thin phthalocyanine layers and their structural and absorption properties
Thin Solid Films, 2009
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) may act as efficient absorbents of photons in the visible region. These structures upon contact with photons from well-defined regions, specifically between 600 and 700 nm, may produce an excited triple state. Its extinction is accompanied by the formation of highly active singlet oxygen species. Its utilization ranges from sensors to selective medical diagnosis tools. In this work we report on preparation of Al and Zn phthalocyanines thin layers of a constant thickness via a method of vacuum sublimation. The produced films were smooth, homogeneous, resistant and well transparent. The films were examined by means of AFM, SEM, profilometry, ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy and UV-VIS. Special attention was paid to the crystallinity changes with temperature observable by XRD. Light absorption properties of the Pcs films were compared with those recorded in solution (sulphonated Pcs dissolved in water).
Influence of the molecular shape on the film growth of a substituted phthalocyanine
Synthetic Metals, 2004
The film growth by physical vapour deposition (PVD) and their subsequent conditioning was studied for Chloro[subphthalocyaninato]boron(III) (C 24 H 12 N 6 BCl, "SubPc") and its perfluorinated derivative Chloro[dodecafluorosubphthalocyaninato]boron(III) (C 24 F 12 N 6 BCl, "F 12 SubPc") on a variety of insulating substrates. During preparation in high vacuum the films were characterized in situ by optical absorption spectroscopy (UVvis) and subsequently (ex situ) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Compared to regular phthalocyanines (Pc), these materials showed a decreased intermolecular interaction because of their cone-shaped macrocyclic system. Nevertheless, ordered crystalline growth could be obtained. They therefore represent an example of crystalline molecular layers that already have, however, some characteristics of organic glasses. This may help to overcome the serious problems of grain boundaries dominant in thin Pc films for applications as organic field-effect-transistors (OFET). P-type conduction was indicated for SubPc; n-type conduction is expected for F 12 SubPc. Perfluorination in phthalocyanines leads to clear n-type characteristics. Implementations for the use of these materials in OFET devices are discussed.