Multi-dimensional Cross-confessional Approach to the Study of Religiosity in Belarus: Need and Conceptualization (original) (raw)

Formation of Religious Studies in Post-Soviet Belarus

The article employs the term Religious Studies as a name for an academic discipline which studies religious phenomena in all its forms and dimensions and uses both analysis of experiential material and theoretical modeling for its constructions. Internationally, the study of religion separated from the broad centuries-old tradition of studying religion into an independent scholarly discipline for which religion constitutes the systematically studied exclusive research subject. Besides marking the discipline's frame it is essential, in order to describe Religious Studies in Belarus, to outline the historical context of the separation of Belarusian academic sphere from the united Soviet academic environment. The year 1991 is the starting point for the formation of the post-soviet academic research in Belarus; it may also be seen as the beginning of the Belarusian Religious Studies.

Religion and belief in Eastern Europe: Preface

2017

This special issue of the social research journal “Culture and Society” contributes to theoretical discussions about the role of religion in public sphere of contemporary societies and provides some new empirical insights. It particularly focuses on the region of Eastern Europe that has seen recent and most significant social, political and economic transformations. The official atheist doctrine of the socialist period was overcome between the years 1989 and 1991 (Gerlach & Topfer 2015). Such change interplayed with public life, while religion and belief found various and different roles in society, usually more apparent. This period enhanced the notion of ‘freedom of religion and belief’ (Gerlach & Topfer 2015). Nonetheless, contemporary societies in Eastern Europe experience a heterogeneous religious landscape. The population’s religious and belief identities grow diverse as we move on in the 21st century. The current makeup of the society also depicts new challenges and controver...

Religious Pluralism in Post-communist Eastern Europe The Case of Belarus

There is a stereotype that such former Soviet republics as Russia, Ukraine and Belarus are totally Orthodox. However, this statement is not entirely correct, as part of the population in these countries belong to many different churches, while a large part have rather eclectic religious and para-religious beliefs. In the case of Belarus, a major part of the population belongs to two Christian confessions, Orthodox and Catholic, while many other confessions and new religious movements also exist. Religious pluralism is a practical reality in Belarus which has the reputation of the most religiously tolerant post-Soviet country. Contemporary laws provide the legal basis for the tolerant relations in the country , and there is a historical tradition of religious tolerance in Belarus. Research data from the EVS studies and national surveys are used.

Social vs. Individual Centrality of Religiosity: Research in Religious and Non-Religious Settings in Russia

Religions

Most of the current approaches to measuring religiosity operate with indicators of individual religiosity. One of the central ideas of the current paper is that religiosity is a social phenomenon. The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) developed by S. Huber is applied to measure the individual component of religiosity. A modification of the CRS (CRS-SOC) has been developed to include the social component of religiosity with two aspects: social connections with lay members of religious communities and with the clergy. The analysis is based on the data of two surveys conducted in Russia: an on-line survey with a general population sample (1768 respondents) and a survey of parishioners of four Christian denominations: Orthodox, Catholic, “traditional” Protestant (Lutheran, Baptist), and the “new” Protestant (Pentecostal) (1192 respondents). The structure of religiosity among parishioners of different Christian denominations is discussed. The results, which revealed that the level of...

INDICATORS OF THE PROCESS OF RELIGIOLIZATION

INDICATORS OF THE PROCESS OF RELIGIOLIZATION, 2022

Varieties of diverse factors and conditions have determined a complex process of religiousization. Its features in Kazakhstan are synchronized with the societal shifts of modernity. The substantive basis of the process is religiosity as an integral state of mental culture, which has various projections and determinations for individuals, social groups and society as a whole. The essence and dynamics of religiosity, its scale, vectors, and influences are presented as a process of religiousization and are the subject of research. Religiolization is not always an obvious phenomenon, and it requires the actualization of interdisciplinary capabilities (methodologies, methods, and practices) in specific socio-cultural country contexts. In order to identify the factors and indicators of religiousization, the manifestation of specificity, the detection of trends, and the analysis of trends, a factual basis of specific social dimensions is needed. These include monitoring the religious situation, the study of religious identification, assessment of the perception of the institution of religion, its role and functions, and analysis of the influence of significant political actors on the religious process. The analysis of social dimensions, theoretical reconstruction, and conceptualization by means of modern socio-humanitarian studies contribute to the institutionalization of the sociology of religion. The practical orientation is related to the understanding of the modern religious process as significant for the formation of the Kazakh mentality in the conditions of the postsecularity.

Analysis of the Multi-Confessional Religious Situation in Ukraine in the Period from 2000 to 2021

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

Annotation This study summarizes information regarding features of religious and church-religious selfdetermination of citizens of Ukraine for the period 2000-2021. Ukraine's Western region is traditionally characterized by a high level of religiosity, while the South and East of Ukraine are the least religious. In recent years, the proportion of citizens who do not identify themselves with any of the religions has increased. There is a significant difference between the level of declared religiosity and identification with a particular religious community. As a result of the military events in the East of Ukraine and the war with Russia, the number of believers and Orthodox churches of the Moscow Patriarchate has significantly decreased, while the number of Orthodox Churches of the Kyiv Patriarchate has increased. After receiving Tomos from the Patriarch of Constantinople on December 15, 2018, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine gained more authority in society. However, relations between the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate are characterized by the great tension and conflict, which is expressed at the level of individual communities. Some problems arose during the creation of a unified Orthodox Church in Ukraine, but they did not become critical and did not affect the religious situation as a whole. Only 10% of citizens regularly attend religious services and meetings. The decline in attendance at religious services during the COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by an increase in parishioner participation via the Internet. Leading churches have a positive attitude towards the use of the latest technologies and instant messengers. The article presents the results of surveys of focus groups. One of these polls testifies to the desire of believers to have changes in terms of religious rituals, in particular, the reduction of time, the understandable language of services and sermons, the introduction of seating in Orthodox churches, or a more modest decoration of churches. However, it has been established that for the growth of temple attendance, it is important not so much to develop a network of places of worship, but to form the interest and motivation of people to visit temples. Unfortunately, the level of recognition of the moral authority of the Church is lower than the level of trust in it. Citizens believe that the largest Ukrainian Churches in their approach to the problems of LGBT communities and other complex issues often take a conservative position that does not meet the requirements of the time, rather than an active position that contributes to solving social problems. Social service and assistance to people, according to the majority of respondents, should occupy a leading place in the activities of the Church. The greatest demand was for psychological assistance and protection of vulnerable groups. The overwhelming majority support the assertion that the Church should be separated from the state and the school from the Church. There is a high level of tolerance among citizens

Religion, Society and Politics A Comparative Analysis of Thirteen Central, Eastern and Southern European Countries

2017

As has been stated in many papers about postcommunist countries, the ”post-communist” label underlines historical similarities of many countries of Central, Eastern and Southern Europe but is quite unproductive in explaining current social processes and, moreover, developmental possibilities. This is true in particular for the role of religion in light of not only very different religious situations in different countries (measured by the usual sociological indicators of religiosity) but also different confessional traditions (Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy but also Islam and Protestantism to a certain extent), and differences in their church–state relations. Thus, the notion of diversity(-ies) more accurately describes the role of religion in post-communist countries than does the notion of similarity. Diversity, on the other hand, poses another problem, as it lacks an adequate theoretical frame for understanding trends in socio-religious development. Is there any theoretical ex...

Confessional Groups in the Republic of Tatarstan: Identity and Features of its Design

Codrul Cosminului, 2019

The relevance of the problem is determined by the need for a comprehensive study of interfaith group viewpoints in multi-ethnic and multi-confessional regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this article is to analyze the strategies of designing the identity in the environment of religious groups in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017-2018. The leading approach to the study of this problem is based on the multi-paradigmatic methodology. The article gives a comparative description of ideological attitudes of the three groups studied-Muslims, Orthodox Christians, and atheists. Special attention is paid to the analysis of mechanisms of religious socialization and transmission of religious values. It is concluded that Muslims attach greater importance to the performance of religious rites and practices; they consider a family as the main agent of religious socialization and support the opinion that "people do not choose their religion".