On the correlation of atmospheric aerosol components of mass size distributions in the larger region of a central European city (original) (raw)
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A detailed investigation of ambient aerosol composition and size distribution in an urban atmosphere
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer-Verlag. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author's version for posting to your own website or your institution's repository. You may further deposit the accepted author's version on a funder's repository at a funder's request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. Abstract This research was executed between March 2009
Modal structure and spatial–temporal variations of urban and suburban aerosols in Helsinki—Finland
Atmospheric Environment, 2005
Particle number size distributions were measured in the urban and suburban atmosphere of Helsinki. In the absence of a direct traffic emission influence, the temporal variation of the aerosol particle number concentrations and their particle size distribution characteristics can be generalized within the Helsinki metropolitan region. In general, the particle number size distributions are characterized by three modes: nucleation (o25 nm), Aitken (25-90 nm), and accumulation (490 nm). Under certain conditions such as overlapping between the nucleation and Aitken modes, it is possible to characterize the particle number size distributions by two modes: ultrafine mode (o100 nm) and accumulation mode (4100 nm). Traffic combustions are considered as one of the major sources of ultrafine particles (UFP, D p o100 nm) in the urban atmosphere. The total particle number concentration is highest in the urban centers (as high as 140 000 cm À3 , more than 90% is UFP), In general, 70-80% of the submicrometer particle number concentration is UFP in the suburban atmosphere. Close to major highways, the geometric mean diameters of the submicrometer modes are smaller and the total number concentrations can exceed 60 000 cm À3 (more than 60% is nucleation mode particles). According to the wind speed and temperature analysis, the submicrometer aerosol particles in the urban and suburban atmosphere consist of two components: UFP that is diluted with wind speeds and inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and particles larger than 100 nm in diameter that is re-suspended with wind and proportional to the ambient temperature. The correlation analysis showed that UFP number concentrations are best correlated within the urban areas. Particles larger than 100 nm showed good correlation factors (about 0.80) within the Helsinki metropolitan area, which is an indication of similar kinds of aerosols such as regional transported particles. r
Atmospheric environment, 1984
Aktract-Data on massconcentration levels and particle size distribution based on samples simultaneously collected at three different areas of a city in winter and in summer were aualysed and compared. In summer concentrations were consistent at all three sites, while in winter wntly higher concentrations were recorded in a densely populated city eentre with traditional spaoe heating Tfic investi@ed correlations and regression equations indicate that the city Ccntre acts as a major source of particulate pollution in the winter time and that it influences air pollution in other parts of the town, especially in the south in the direction of prevalent NE winds. All comxntration levels were within the limits established by Whitby and Liu in Ametin cities. The part& size distribution was bimodal and very consistent for the three sites but there was a sigaificant shift towards smaller particles in winter.
Mass Concentration and Size-Distribution of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment
Aerosol and Air Quality Research
To investigate the ambient mass concentration, size-distribution and temporal variability of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), a long-term monitoring campaign was undertaken at an urban background site in Como, Northern Italy, from May 2015 to March 2016. A 13-stage Low Pressure Impactor (DLPI) was used for the collection of size-segregated particulates in the 0.028-10 µm size range. The results revealed a good level of agreement between DLPI and a co-located Harvard-type PM 2.5 Impactor, allowing them to be classified as comparable and characterized by a reciprocal predictability. The PM concentration levels varied greatly between the different 5-days monitoring sessions, with higher mean mass concentrations during the heating season. Appreciable seasonal differences were found for particles between 0.15 and 1.60 µm that, on average, registered concentration levels 3.5 times higher during the heating season (mean: 28.2 µg m -3 ; median: 24.4 µg m -3 ) compared to the non-heating season (mean: 8.3 µg m -3 ; median: 7.6 µg m -3 ). No relevant and significant differences were detected for the coarser ranges (> 1.60 µm). Temporal variabilities were influenced by typical PM urban sources (e.g., household heating, traffic), that significantly affected fine and submicrometer particles, and were related to meteorological factors. Ambient air particles exhibited a trimodal distribution: a first and sharp peak more pronounced during the heating season was identified between 0.3 and 0.5 µm and two other slight peaks in the coarse mode were centered on approximately 3 and 8 µm. No relevant differences were found in the shape of the size-distribution between the two investigated seasons. The mean PM 2.5 (22.4 µg m -3 ) and PM 10 (27.7 µg m -3 ) concentrations monitored in the study area exceeded the annual Air Quality Guideline Values (respectively equal to 10 µg m -3 and 20 µg m -3 ) established by the World Health Organization.
Atmospheric aerosols and their influence on air quality in urban areas
Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, 2006
The quality and pollution of air and its impact on the environment and particularly on human health, is an issue of significant public and governmental concern. The emission of the main air pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides) has declined significantly but the trends in concentrations of a particulate matter are less clear and this pollutant still pose a risk to human health. The studies on the quality of air in urban atmosphere related to suspended particles PM 10 and PM 2.5 , and first measurements of their mass concentrations have been initiated in our country in 2002, and are still in progress. The results of preliminary investigations revealed the need for the continuous and long-term systematical sampling, measurements and analysis of interaction of the specific pollutants -PM 10 and PM 2.5 as well as ozone, heavy metals in the ground level. Survey of some basic knowledge and features of atmospheric particles will be given and the results of air quality assessment in Belgrade will be presented as well.
Modal characteristics of particulate matter in urban atmospheric aerosols
Microchemical Journal, 2002
As part of an urban aerosol study, elemental mass size distributions and atmospheric mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM) were experimentally determined at four different locations in Budapest, Hungary, comprising an urban background site (KFKI campus), two downtown sites (Lagymanyos campus and Szena Square) and a road´t unnel (Castle District Tunnel, CD Tunnel). The analytical results available were utilized in the present work to derive size distributions of PM. Mass, surface area and particle number size distributions of PM for the accumulation and coarse modes, the total distributions, and the modal parameters are presented and discussed. The aerosol mass is always found predominantly in the coarse mode, and the ratio of the masses for the coarse and accumulation modes has an increasing tendency with the aerosol mass concentration. Fraction PM contributes 83, 82, 69 and 69% of 10 the total suspended particulate in the order of the sampling sites: KFKI campus, Lagymanyos campus, Szena Squaré´á nd CD Tunnel, respectively, while PM makes up 55, 62, 40 and 34% of PM , respectively. Mass concentration 2.5 10 of PM fraction is only between 1.5 and 2.1% of the PM. The coarse and accumulation modes cross each other 0.1 2.5 between 1.0 and 1.6 mm aerodynamic diameter, which is significantly smaller than the 50% cutoff value prescribed for the PM samplers. It is the accumulation mode that represents the main surface area at all urban environments. 2.5 The distributions of PM derived in the present paper are required for further studies.
2007
A physicochemical characterization, including aerosol number size distribution, chemical composition and mass concentrations, of the urban fine aerosol captured in MILAN, BARCELONA and LONDON is presented in this article. The objective is to obtain a comprehensive picture of the microphysical processes involved in aerosol dynamics during the: 1) regular evolution of the urban aerosol (daily, weekly and seasonal basis) and in the day-to-day variations (from clean-air to pollution-events), and 2) the link between "aerosol chemistry and mass concentrations" with the "number size distribution".
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009
Due to the presence of diffusive anthropogenic sources in urban areas, the spatiotemporal variability of fine (diameter <1 µm) and ultrafine (<0.1 µm) aerosol particles has been a challenging issue in particle exposure assessment as well as atmospheric research in general. We examined number size distributions of atmospheric aerosol particles (size range 3-800 nm) that were measured simultaneously at a maximum of eight observation sites in and around a city in Central Europe (Leipzig, Germany). Two main experiments were conducted with different time span and number of observation sites (2 years at 3 sites; 1 month at 8 sites). A general observation was that the particle number size distribution varied in time and space in a complex fashion as a result of interaction between local and far-range sources, and the meteorological conditions. To identify statistically independent factors in the urban aerosol, different runs of principal component analysis were conducted encompassing aerosol, gas phase, and meteorological parameters from the multiple sites. Several of the resulting principal components, outstanding with respect to their temporal persistence and spatial coverage, could be associated with aerosol particle modes: a first accumulation mode ("droplet mode", 300-800 nm), considered to be the result of liquid phase processes and far-range transport; a second accumulation mode (centered around diameters 90-250 nm), considered to result from primary emissions as well as aging through condensation and coagulation; an Aitken mode (30-200 nm) linked to urban traffic emissions in addition to an urban and a rural Aitken mode; a nucleation mode (5-20 nm) linked to urban traffic emissions; nucleation modes (3-20 nm) linked to photochemically induced particle formation; an aged nucleation mode (10-50 nm). A number of additional components were identified to represent only local sources at a single site each, or infrequent phenomena. In summary, the analysis of size distributions of high time and size resolution yielded a surprising wealth of statistical aerosol components occurring in the urban atmosphere over one single city. Meanwhile, satisfactory physical explanations could be found for the components with the greatest temporal persistence and spatial 18156
Atmospheric …, 2004
This paper synthesizes data on aerosol (particulate matter, PM) physical characteristics, which were obtained in European aerosol research activities at free-troposphere, natural, rural, near-city, urban, and kerbside sites over the past decade. It covers only two sites in the semi-arid Mediterranean area, and lacks data from Eastern Europe. The data include PM10 and/or PM2.5 mass concentrations, and aerosol particle size distributions. Such data sets are more comprehensive than those currently provided by air quality monitoring networks (e.g. EMEP, EUROAIRNET). Data available from 31 sites in Europe (called ''The Network'') were reviewed. They were processed and plotted to allow comparisons in spite of differences in the sampling and analytical techniques used in various studies. A number of conclusions are drawn as follows:
Temporal variations of atmospheric aerosol in four European urban areas
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2011
Purpose The concentrations of PM 10 mass, PM 2.5 mass and particle number were continuously measured for 18 months in urban background locations across Europe to determine the spatial and temporal variability of particulate matter. Methods Daily PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples were continuously collected from October 2002 to April 2004 in background areas in Helsinki, Athens, Amsterdam and Birmingham. Particle mass was determined using analytical microbalances with precision of 1 μg. Pre-and post-reflectance measurements were taken using smoke-stain reflectometers.