Silver nanospheres are cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells (original) (raw)
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Environmental Sciences Europe
Background Currently, nanotechnology and nanoparticles have quickly emerged and have gained the attention of scientists due to their massive applications in environmental sectors. However, these environmental applications of silver nanoparticles potentially cause serious effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms. In the current study, freshwater fish C. carpio were exposed to blood-mediated silver nanoparticles for toxicity, mortality, bioaccumulation, and histological alterations. Silver nanoparticles were fabricated using animal blood serum and their toxic effect was studied against common carp fish at different concentrations levels (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/L). Results The findings have revealed a little influence of blood-induced silver nanoparticles on fish behavior at the highest concentration (0.09 mg/L). However, bioaccumulation of blood-mediated silver nanoparticles was reported in different organs of fish. Maximum bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles was reported in ...
Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in fish: a critical review
The variable spectrum of applications largely depends upon silver physicochemical and biological properties which changes as the particles are decreased to nano-scale. This unique behavior is responsible for the larger use of silver in consumer product and industry. Since little information is available about toxicity to the organisms practically in the aquatic environment, the predication of possible environmental hazards and remedy are the hot topics of current research studies. Researchers are drawing more and more data from appropriate model organisms. Fish being aquatic organism is badly affected by Ag-NPs, so concern of potential risk to aquatic organism increases. The toxicity endpoints include growth and reproduction impairment, mortality and biochemical changes in both adult fish and embryos. Being a healthy food for human, the researchers try to know how Ag-NPs can affect the fish and its body when sizes decrease to nano-scale. Therefore, fish is extensively studied model ...
Genotoxicity and oxidative stress in fish after a short-term exposure to silver nanoparticles
Ecological Indicators, 2017
This study examined the effects of waterborne silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on juvenile fish Piaractus mesopotamicus ("pacú"), and analyzed toxicological endpoints such as metal burdens, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in a short-term assay. Fish were individually exposed to 0 (control), 2.5, 10, and 25 g AgNPs/L. After 24 h, silver accumulation was greater in the brain than the liver and gills at all silver concentrations. Fish exposed to higher AgNPs concentrations showed major alterations in oxidative stress markers. An increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels was observed in the liver of fish exposed to 10 g AgNPs/L with no changes in the antioxidant enzymes activities. In the case of the 25 g AgNPs/L treatment, a hepatic activation of the enzymatic antioxidant defense occurred, and LPO levels resulted unaltered. On the other hand, the brain presented the highest LPO levels at both 10 and 25 g AgNPs/L exposures. The AgNPs toxicity was also evidenced by the DNA damage in fish erythrocytes at higher concentrations. Summarizing, a short exposure to sublethal concentrations of AgNPs is enough to generate deleterious effects on fish, including DNA damage.
BackgroundCurrently, nanotechnology and nanoparticles have been quickly emerged and have gained the attention of scientists due to its massive applications in environmental sectors. However, these environmental applications of silver nanoparticles potentially cause serious effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms. In the current study, freshwater fish C. carpio were exposed to blood mediated AgNPs for toxicity, mortality, bioaccumulation, and histological alterations. Silver nanoparticles were fabricated using animal blood serum and their toxic effect was studied against common carp fish at different concentrations level (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/L).ResultsThe findings have revealed a little effect of blood induced silver nanoparticles (B-AgNPs) on fish behavior at the highest concentration (0.09 mg/L). However, bioaccumulation of B-AgNPs was reported in different organs of fish. Maximum bioaccumulation of B-AgNPs was reported in the liver, followed by intestine, gills, and muscl...
Assessment of toxicity in fresh water fish Labeo rohita treated with silver nanoparticles
Applied Nanoscience
Silver nanoparticles (17.78 ± 12.12 nm) were synthesized by the reduction of 0.5 M silver nitrate using formaldehyde as reducing and triethylamine as promoting and stabilizing agent. The particles were grain like agglomerates with spherical, centered-face cubic and crystalline in nature. The sample was highly pure with amine (NH) as associated and capping molecules. Further, the genotoxicity and oxidative stress of these particles were evaluated using Labeo rohita (L. rohita) as genetic model exposed (10-55 mg L-1 dose) through aquatic medium for 28 days. The cells were produced with micronuclei, fragmented, lobed and buds nuclei in dose dependent manner. The highest incidence of comet was recoded (27.34 ± 5.68) at 55 mg L-1 Ag-NPs and 14 days treatment. Then frequency was decreased to 22.65 ± 6.66% after 28 days due to complex repair mechanism. Moreover, the treatment also produces the oxidative stress and disturbs the level of GST in gill and liver tissue. There was a sharp decline in the activities of GST and this decrease of activity increase the MDA content. Further, the elevated level of GSH represents that the liver has started defensive mechanism against oxyraidcals. This study concluded, Ag-NPs are genotoxic in nature and produce micronuclei, comet cells and also induces oxidative stress in aquatic organisms.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2015
Among all classes of nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potentially an important ecotoxicological impact, especially in freshwater environments. Fish are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of silver ions and, with knowledge gaps regarding the contribution of dissolution and unique particle effects to AgNP toxicity, they represent a group of vulnerable organisms. Using cell lines (RTL-W1, RTH-149, RTG-2) and primary hepatocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as in vitro test systems, we assessed the cytotoxicity of the representative AgNP, NM-300K, and AgNO3 as an Ag+ ion source. Lack of AgNP interference with the cytotoxicity assays (AlamarBlue, CFDA-AM, NRU assay) and their simultaneous application point to the compatibility and usefulness of such a battery of assays. The RTH-149 and RTL-W1 liver cell lines exhibited similar sensitivity as primary hepatocytes towards AgNP toxicity. Leibovitz's L-15 culture medium composition (high amino acid content) had an important influence on the behaviour and toxicity of AgNPs towards the RTL-W1 cell line. The obtained results demonstrate that, with careful consideration, such an in vitro approach
Toxicity Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos
MGM Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014
Genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-np) in a vertebrate model system were investigated. Effects and accumulation patterns of silver nanoparticles were studied using zebrafish embryos. Nanoparticles of silver were synthesized by chemical reduction of silver nitrate, using sodium borohydride as reducing agent and polyvinyl pyrolidene as a stabilizer. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV/ Vis spectrophotometer (absorption spectra), Transmission electron microscopy and were found to have the size range of 4 to 10 nm. Evaluation of cytotoxicity was carried out at various concentrations to obtain the LD 50 value. Dose dependent decrease in percent viability was observed on exposure of embryos to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles with LD 50 of 1.0 µg/ml. The results indicate that silver nanoparticles induce a dose-dependent toxicity in embryos and abrogate normal development.
Review of Silver nanoparticles in Freshwater fish "Cyprinus carpio"
The nanoparticles accumulate in different organs like gill, liver, intestine, kidney and muscle in fish Cyprinus carpio. The acute, chronic toxicity in the body through absorption by the gills and the glucose and glycogen content in the liver were affected and imbalance occurs in the hormone levels. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used widely in applications. Human exposure to AgNPs has been increased in recent years. AgNPs are translated into blood streams and accumulated in organs and it is confirmed as organ toxicity and cause eventually death. Metallic and soluble silver compound when exposed occupationally affects the potential antimicrobial pathogens and cause numerous changes in the skin colour. For the optimum function of body immunity, everyone needs nano-silver circulating in their bloodstream. The intensive ingestion and inhalation of silver compounds create various toxic effects on the living organism in the environment, especially in fishes.
Considering the prevalence of emerging nanotech-nology, predicting the environmental impact of nanomaterials has great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible accumulation and histological damage resulting from the exposure of fish to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Hence, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 21 days to sublethal concentrations of either colloidal or powdered forms of silver nanoparticles (cAgNPs or pAgNPs, respectively); the resulting histological changes (in gills, intestines , liver, and kidneys) and bioaccumulation (in gills, intestines, liver, and white muscles) were examined on days 11 and 21. In the case of cAgNPs, the highest concentrations of silver were observed in the liver, gills, and intestines. Meanwhile, in the case of pAgNPs, the highest concentrations of silver were observed in the intestines, liver, gills, and muscles. The greatest histopathological impacts were observed in the gills (mostly proliferation and inflammation), intestines (mostly necrosis and inflammation), and liver (mostly pigmentation). Thus, when taken together, the current findings indicate that both forms of AgNPs had a chronic effect on the rainbow trout (as a model aquatic organism); therefore, preventing the entry of these nanomaterials into the aquatic environment would seem to be essential.