Correlates of Self-Reported Multicultural Competencies: Counselor Multicultural Social Desirability, Race, Social Inadequacy, Locus of Control Racial Ideology, and Multicultural Training (original) (raw)
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Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2011
Increasing trainees' multicultural counseling competence (MCC) has been a hot topic in counseling. Scholars have identified predictors (e.g., race/ethnicity, color-blindness) of MCC, and educators provide multicultural training for trainees. Using a sample of 370 psychology trainees, this study examined whether multicultural training (a) moderated racial/ethnic differences on MCC and (b) changed the relationship between color-blindness and MCC. Results indicated a significant interaction effect of race/ethnicity (i.e., White vs. ethnic minority) and multicultural training on multicultural awareness, but not on multicultural knowledge. Specifically, at lower levels of training, racial/ethnic minority trainees had significantly higher multicultural awareness than their White counterparts; at higher levels of training, no significant difference was found. Described differently, more training significantly enhanced Whites' multicultural awareness, but did not enhance racial/ethnic minority trainees' awareness. Additionally, there was a significant interaction effect of color-blindness and multicultural training on multicultural knowledge, but not on multicultural awareness. The association between color-blindness and multicultural knowledge was stronger at higher levels of multicultural training than at lower levels of training. Alternatively, the effect of training on enhancing knowledge was stronger for those with lower color-blindness than for those with higher color-blindness.
Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2007
this study examined the impact of multicultural training on multicultural counseling competencies and implicit racial prejudice. results of a multilevel modeling analysis showed that only the multicultural counseling course was related to a decrease in implicit racial prejudice and an increase in cultural self-awareness. implications for multicultural training are discussed. este estudio examinó el impacto de la formación multicultural en las competencias en consejería multicultural y el prejuicio racial implícito. los resultados de un análisis de modelo a varios niveles mostraron que solo el curso en consejería multicultural estaba implicado en un descenso del prejuicio racial implícito y un aumento de la autoconciencia cultural. se discuten las implicaciones para la formación multicultural.
The Relationship between Racial Identity Development and Multicultural Counseling Competency
… of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2000
Eighty-seven incoming doctoral students (65 European American and 22 people of color) completed a batteIy of tests (e.g., a multicultural counseling competency measure). More advanced levels of racial identity development were generally correlated with higher levels of multicultural counseling competency, greater amounts of prior multicultural training, and higher self-reported ratings of overail counseling competency and multicultural counseling competency. Multicultural counseling has become a critical issue during the past 25 years (Lee, 1991), developing into what has been identified as the fourthforce in the fields of counseling and counseling psychology (Watkins, 1983). There are many concerns within this field, one of which is the study of multicultural competencies and the mechanisms that foster their development (Constantine & Gloria, 1999; Richardson & Molinaro, 1996; Steward, Boatwright, Sauer, Baden, &Jackson, 1998). The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between multicultural counseling competency and racial identity development in European American counselors and counselors of color. Multicultural counseling competency and racial identity development have been linked to one another since the first stirrings of the multicultural counseling movement in the 1950s and 1960s. At least since the time of Wrenn (1962), counselors have been asked to recognize their cultural encapsulation and work to overcome it. With this emphasis came the recognition of culture as an integral part of one's person (Parks, Carter, & Gushue, 1996). Multicultural counseling developed in relation to this recognition, quickly evolving to occupy a position of prominence and centrality in counseling (Heath, Neimeyer, & Pedersen, 1989; Neimeyer & Norcross, 1997). Jackson (1995, p. 3) defines multicultural counseling as counseling that takes place between or among individuals from different Teraesa S. Vinson is a visiting assistant professor; Greg J. Neimeyer is aprofessor of psychology a n d director of training, both in the Department of Psychology a t the University of Florida, Gainesville. Correspondence regarding this article should be sent to Greg J. Neimeyer. Department of Psychology. PO Box 1 12250.
Multicultural training, self-construals, and multicultural competence of school counselors
Investigated the role of prior academic training in multicultural counseling and interdependent and independent self-construals in predicting school counselors' perceived multicultural counseling competence. 156 school counselors (aged 24–70 yrs) from the greater New York City metropolitan area attending a local school counseling conference completed the Cross-Cultural Counseling Competence Inventory–Revised (CCCI-R) and the Self-Construal Scale (SCS). In addition, Ss indicated their sex, race/ethnicity, age, highest degree earned, total number of months of counseling experience, and the number of academic courses taken previously related to multicultural or cross-cultural issues. Results indicate that men reported significantly higher interdependent self-construal scores on the SCS than did women. In addition, among women school counselors, the number of formal multicultural counseling courses taken and independent self-construal scores were each found to be significant predictors of the CCCI-R. The authors contend that the finding underscore the importance of having multicultural counseling courses represented in school counseling curricula in order to allow school counselors to feel efficacious about providing mental health services to culturally diverse students.
Multicultural Counseling Competencies: An Exploratory Factor Analysis
Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2000
The author examined the underlying factors of the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development's (AMCD) Multicultural Competencies. One hundred fiftyone professional counselors who are members of the American Counseling Association responded to a survey that included items reflecting AMCDs multicultural competencies and Explanatory Statements. An exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 multicultural competencies factors: Awareness, Knowledge, Definitions of Terms, Racial Identity Development, and Skills. Considerable attention has been focused on the multicultural competence of professional counselors (Atkinson, Thompson,
7. Development And Initial Validation Of The Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale
2017
In recent years counseling programs have devoted increasing attention to multicultural issues in the curriculum. The counseling profession's initial interest in multicultural training (or development) was buoyed by the Division of Counseling Psychology (Division #17 of the American Psychological Association [APA]) position paper on multicultural competencies (Sue et al., 1982). This position paper delineated 11 cross-cultural counseling competencies organized
Multicultural Counseling Competencies: Why Is It Difficult to Apply What We Know…?
2017
Given the diversity related curriculum requirements of many accrediting bodies in education and the human services to improve service delivery for those who are part of underrepresented groups in the United States, the curriculum requirements efficacy is debatable. Evidence suggest there is a disconnect between the principles of social justice and multicultural counseling competencies and the lack of application of these two principles. This chapter will emphasize these concerns and the reasons why there is such a gap with the application of these two principles using both empirical and anecdotal evidence from past research. Because the terms behavior/action and application seems to be used as synonyms, we will explore the explicit differences in these and other terms. This chapter will also highlight scenarios and give examples of what application looks like and end with recommendations to improve the application of both the multicultural counseling and social justice principles. I...
Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2003
The relationship between racial identity development and multicultural counseling competency across a 2-year period of time was examined in this study. Significant increases were found in multicultural counseling competency but not in their levels of racial identity development across time. Possible explanations for and limitations of this research are discussed. La relacion entre el desarrollo de la identidad racial y la competencia para consejeria multicultural a traves de un periodo de dos atios se examina en esta investigacion. Se encuentran aumentos significantes en la competencia para consejeria multicultural, per0 no en el nivel de desarrollo de identidad racial a traves del tiempo. Se examinan las posibles explicaciones y las limitaciones de esta investigacion tambien. acial identity development, or "one's sense of belonging to an ethnic group and the part of one's thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behav-R ior that is due to an ethnic group membership" (Phinney & Tarver, 1989, p. 266), and multicultural counseling competency, or "counseling that takes place between or among individuals from different cultural backgrounds" (Jackson, 1995, p. 3), have long been thought to be related logically. One would assume that ability to counsel those who are different from oneself is increased with greater awareness and understanding of one's own culture. Some researchers have even included racial identity development as a "significant underlying construct" of multicultural counseling competence (Sodowsky, Taffe, & Gutkin, 1991). Recent research has documented a positive relationship between multicultural counseling competency and racial identity development (Neville et al., 1996; Ottavi, Pope-Davis, & Dings, 1994; Vinson & Neimeyer, 2000). More advanced levels of racial identity development have generally been linked to higher levels of multicultural counseling competency. Although these findings suggested the potential value associated with the examination of one's
Multicultural counseling competencies research: A 20-year content analysis
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2007
The authors conducted a 20-year content analysis of the entire field of empirical research on the multicultural counseling competencies (D. W. Sue et al., 1982). They conducted an exhaustive search for empirical research articles using PSYCInfo, as well as complete reviews of the past 20 years of several journals (e.g.,