Classification and Definition of Hydrocephalus: Origin, Controversy, and Assignment of the Terminology (original) (raw)
Related papers
Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes of fetal hydrocephalus
Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2012
This study analyzed 156 cases of fetal hydrocephalus treated at Osaka National Hospital from 1992 to 2011 to review current methods for diagnosing and treating fetal hydrocephalus, and for estimating its clinical outcome. This was a retrospective study of a single institute (Osaka National Hospital). Of 156 cases in total, 37% were diagnosed as isolated ventriculomegaly, 50% as another type of malformation (36 cases of myelomeningocele, six of holoprosencephaly, three of DandyeWalker syndrome, one case of Joubert syndrome, 12 of arachnoid cyst, nine of encephalocele, three of atresia of Monro and eight of corpus callosum agenesis, and 13% as secondary hydrocephalus. Diagnoses were made between 13 and 40 weeks of gestation (average 27 weeks). Diagnosis was made before 21 weeks of gestation in 24% of cases, from the first day of 22 weeks to the sixth day of 27 weeks in 27%, and after the first day of 28 weeks in 49%. With the exclusion of 17 aborted cases and 40 cases in which the patients were too young to evaluate or lost during follow-up, the final outcome was analyzed for 90 cases. Of these, 17% of the patients died, 21% showed severe retardation, 13% moderate retardation, 26% mild retardation, and 23% showed a good outcome. The long-term outcome was mostly influenced by the basic disease and accompanying anomaly. The time of diagnosis showed no correlation with outcome. Hydrocephalus associated with arachnoid cyst, atresia of Monro, and corpus callosum agenesis, and hydrocephalus due to fetal intracranial hemorrhage, resulted in good outcomes. By contrast, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus associated with encephalocele, syndromic hydrocephalus, and hydrocephalus due to fetal virus infection led to poor outcomes. For accurate diagnosis and proper counseling, established protocols are important for the diagnosis and treatment of fetal hydrocephalus, including not only fetal sonography, fetal magnetic resonance imaging, and TORCH (toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex) screening test, but also chromosomal and gene testing.
A 1 Year Child with Hydrocephalus: A Case Report
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
Introduction: Hydrocephalus is the accumulation of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain. The extra fluids cause the ventricles to expand, putting pressure on the brain. The brain and spinal column are bathed in cerebrospinal fluid, which usually flows into the ventricles. Excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure caused by hydrocephalus, on the other hand, can harm brain tissues and result in a variety of cognitive impairments. Case Presentation: Here we have selected a case of hydrocephalus. In this case, when the complete history has been taken it found that patient having a history of NICU admission for prematurity and Low Birth Weight for 40 days. During history collection, it found that the child was all right until 4 months of age after which she started to notice that the child's head circumference was increasing at an abnormal rate and has now been brought to AVBRH for further management. After all investigation in MRI brain reveals extensive dilatation of ventricula...
Hydrocephalus and Its Diagnosis - A Review
Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, 2019
Hydrocephalus is enlargement of the ventricular system of the brain due to increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and pressure. Congenital hydrocephalus is further classified as communicating and non-communicating depending on whether there is an obstruction to the flow of CSF or not. Multiple causes have been identified in literature which has been summarized as an imbalance in the production and absorption of CSF. It can lead to cognitive impairment, cerebral palsy and visual field defects. It is crucial to identify this condition prenatally as it can leave a debilitating impact on the fetus. Several modalities like ultrasound, computed tomography scans (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to diagnose hydrocephalus. These can help reduce the disease burden and provide means for timely decisions.
Congenital hydrocephalus: gestational and neonatal outcomes
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2010
Purpose To evaluate gestational and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by fetal hydrocephalus. Methods Retrospective analysis of 287 cases of fetal hydrocephalus followed at the Fetal Medicine Unit of the University of Campinas in the period of 1996 to 2006. Results Mean maternal age was 25 years, mean gestational age at diagnosis was 27 weeks. There were 50 cases of isolated ventriculomegaly, 95 cases of Chiari II malformation and 142 cases of ventriculomegaly associated with other malformations. Preterm delivery and vaginal delivery were more frequent in the group of ventriculomegaly associated with other malformations. Cardiac, skeletal and renal malformations were the most common associated malformations. Cesarean section was common (95%) in the Chiari II group. Fetal and neonatal death occurred more frequently (29 and 68%, respectively) in the group of ventriculomegaly associated with other malformations. Chromosomal anomalies were present in 15% of 165 investigated cases.
Fetal therapy for congenital hydrocephalus—where we came from and where we are going
Child's Nervous System
Despite unfavorable outcomes during the early experience with in utero intervention for congenital hydrocephalus, improvements in prenatal diagnosis, patient selection, and fetal surgery techniques have led to a renewed interest in fetal intervention for congenital hydrocephalus. Research studies and clinical evidence shows that postnatal cerebrospinal fluid diversion to release intraventricular pressure and cerebral mantle compression usually arrives late to avoid irreversible brain damage. Make sense to decompress those lateral ventricles as soon as possible during the intrauterine life when hydrocephalus is antenatally detected. We present a historical review of research in animal models as well as clinical experience in the last decades, traveling until the last years when some research fetal therapy groups have made significant progress in recapitulating the prenatal intervention for fetuses with congenital obstructive hydrocephalus.
Pteridines, 2014
The aim of this study was to draw the attention of specialists faced with fetal hydrocephalus in the postnatal period to the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis and further monitoring by studying isolated and syndrome cases in fetuses. One hundred and nine fetuses from a total of 2238 autopsies were the subject of observation in this study. In 64 (58.7%) of the studied fetuses, isolated hydrocephalus was found, while the other 45 cases were associated with the following malformations: Arnold-Chiari type II, Dandy-Walker, stenosis of the aqueductus sylvii, agenesis of corpus callosum (partial and total) and numerical chromosomal aberrations such as trisomy 13, 15 and 18. In cases of isolated hydrocephalus and a stable condition of the fetus, it is possible to wait until the term, or to induce labor without danger to the child, followed by a shunting intervention.
European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 2010
Prevalence Birth outcome Survival Disability a b s t r a c t Objective: To describe prevalence, prenatal diagnosis and outcome for fetuses and infants with congenital hydrocephalus. Methods: Data were taken from four European registries of congenital malformations (EUROCAT). The registries included are based on multiple sources of information and include information about livebirths, fetal deaths with GA 20 weeks and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA). All cases from the four registries diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus and born in the period 1996-2003 were included in the study.
Developmental brain anomaly due to fetal hydrocephalus
Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, 2015
In this article, the authors intend to illustrate a striking brain malformation due to early onset severe fetal hydrocephalus that superficially suggests the presence of semilobar holoprosencephaly.