Cones in the retina of the Mongolian gerbil,Meriones unguiculatus: an immunocytochemical and electrophysiological study (original) (raw)

Green-sensitive cone photoreceptors are selectively labeled by Procion yellow dye in goldfish retina

Visual Neuroscience, 1991

Selective labeling of intravitreal Procion yellow dye by presumed blue-sensitive cone photoreceptors has been demonstrated in primate retina. To determine whether Procion yellow is selective for this cone type in an unrelated vertebrate species, labeling by this dye was studied in goldfish retina, where cone pigment type can be directly inferred from photoreceptor morphology. At low vitreal concentrations of the dye (<0.4%), only cone outer segments were labeled. At vitreal concentrations of 0.4–0.5%, the inner segments of short-double cones and a subset of long single cones (presumed green-sensitive cones) were selectively stained. At still higher vitreal concentrations (0.6–0.7%), the inner segments of short-single cones and miniature short-single cones (presumed blue-sensitive cones) showed evidence of Procion label, but were not as heavily labeled. The inner segments of long-double cones and a subset of long-single cones (presumed red-sensitive cones) did not label at any of ...

Characterization of the color related receptor mosaic in the ground squirrel retina

Vision Research, 1985

Light microscopic and histochemical studies reveal that the retina of the European ground squirrel (Citellus citellus L.) contains a mosaic pattern of two cone types and a small population of rods. A minority (7%) of the cones can be characterized by their ellipsoids having larger diameters and increased staining density over the majority population. Exposure to green light selectively elicited intense NBT-diformazan labeling in the major population of cones while the larger diameter cone type was labeled after blue illumination. The two cone subpopulations are probably the blue and green cone types of ground squirrel protanopic color vision.

Immunocytochemical identification of photoreceptor populations in the tree shrew retina

Brain Research, 1993

The presence and retinal distributions of short-wavelength-sensitive cones, long-wavelength-sensitive cones, and rods were assessed in the retina of the tree shrew Tupaia belangeri using visual pigment antibodies OS-2, COS-1 and anti-rhodopsin, respectively. Results demonstrated a clear immunocytochemical differentiation of the three photoreceptor types with each showing regional variation in density across the retina.

Visual pigment coexpression in all cones of two rodents, the Siberian hamster, and the pouched mouse

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2002

To decide whether the identical topography of short- and middle-wavelength cone photoreceptors in two species of rodents reflects the presence of both opsins in all cone cells. Double-label immunocytochemistry using antibodies directed against short-wavelength (S)-and middle- to long-wavelength (M/L)-sensitive opsin were used to determine the presence of visual pigments in cones of two species of rodents, the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) and the pouched mouse (Saccostomus campestris) from South Africa. Topographical distribution was determined from retinal whole-mounts, and the colocalization of visual pigments was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Opsin colocalization was also confirmed in consecutive semithin tangential sections. The immunocytochemical results demonstrate that in both the Siberian hamster and the pouched mouse all retinal cones contain two visual pigments. No dorsoventral gradient in the differential expression of the two opsins is observe...

Annual Review of Vision Science The Retinal Basis of Vertebrate Color Vision

2019

The jawless fish that were ancestral to all living vertebrates had four spectral cone types that were probably served by chromatic-opponent retinal circuits. Subsequent evolution of photoreceptor spectral sensitivities is documented for many vertebrate lineages, giving insight into the ecological adaptation of color vision. Beyond the photoreceptors, retinal color processing is best understood in mammals, especially the blueON system,which opposes shortagainst long-wavelength receptor responses. For other vertebrates that often have three or four types of cone pigment, new findings from zebrafish are extending older work on teleost fish and reptiles to reveal rich color circuitry. Here, horizontal cells establish diverse and complex spectral responses even in photoreceptor outputs. Cone-selective connections to bipolar cells then set up color-opponent synaptic layers in the inner retina, which lead to a large variety of color-opponent channels for transmission to the brain via retin...

Animal colour vision – behavioural tests and physiological concepts

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 2003

Over a century ago workers such as J. Lubbock and K. von Frisch developed behavioural criteria for establishing that non-human animals see colour. Many animals in most phyla have since then been shown to have colour vision. Colour is used for specific behaviours, such as phototaxis and object recognition, while other behaviours such as motion detection are colour blind. Having established the existence of colour vision, research focussed on the question of how many spectral types of photoreceptors are involved. Recently, data on photoreceptor spectral sensitivities have been combined with behavioural experiments and physiological models to study systematically the next logical question : ' what neural interactions underlie colour vision ? ' This review gives an overview of the methods used to study animal colour vision, and discusses how quantitative modelling can suggest how photoreceptor signals are combined and compared to allow for the discrimination of biologically relevant stimuli.

Spectral sensitivity of cones in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

Vision Research, 1998

The spectral sensitivities of retinal cones isolated from goldfish (Carassius auratus) retinas were measured in the range 277-737 nm by recording membrane photocurrents with suction pipette electrodes (SPE). Cones were identified with u max ( 9 S.D.) at 6239 6.9 nm, 537 9 4.7 nm, 447 9 7.7 nm, and about 356 nm (three cells). Two cells (u max 572 and 576 nm) possibly represent genetic polymorphism. A single A 2 template fits the h-band of P447 2 , P537 2 , and P623 2 . HPLC analysis showed 4% retinal:96% 3-dehydroretinal. Sensitivity at 280 nm is nearly half that at the u max in the visible. The u max of the i-band (in nm) is a linear function of the u max of the h-band and follows the same relation as found for A 1 -based cone pigments of a cyprinid fish.

Photoreceptor distribution in the retinas of subprimate mammals

JOSA A, 2000

Relevant data on the distribution of color cones are summarized, with special emphasis on the marked dorso–ventral asymmetries observed in a number of mammalian species. In addition, an overview is given of studies that demonstrate the coexistence of two visual ...