Clustering of smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use in adolescents in a rapidly developing country (original) (raw)
Related papers
Prevention Research Update. No. 1
1987
This research update begins with a review of researct on adolescent drug use and its prevention. The research reviewed illustrates the complexity of the problem and of the many variables that may affect outcome. The review suggests that a social influences approach to drug prevention that focuses on preventing the initiation of use by reducing the influence of peer pressure will have limited effectiveness by itself, especially with alcohol. It suggests that more attention must be given to problem users and to reducing underlying behavioral problems, and that prevent.on efforts must begin earlier than junior high school. It notes that prevention efforts effective for one drug may not be effective for another and that prevention of alcohol drinking among adolescents poses a whole set of different problems from tobacco or illicit drug use. Finally, the research reviewed suggests that school-based programs rooted in psychosocial principles can be successful, and that credible information dissemination can have a positive impact. Broader action on the community level is urged. Following the review are abstracts of 12 studies, all published in 1988, which deal with the evaluation of curricula and school-based drug prevention programs, correlates and consequences of adolescent drug use, or surveys of attitudes and perceptions concerning drug use. Abstracts are arranged alphabetically by the first author's last name. Studies abstracted appear in boldface type in the review section of the report. References to other documents cited in the review follow the abstracts. (NB)
Adolescent alcohol, drug, and tobacco use is an emerging public health concern in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Yet, there is a lack of reliable, national-level data to inform policies and prevention interventions. This study aimed to provide the best available associations of global and regional risk and protective factors of the early initiation of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco use (before 14 years or 14–17 years old) amongst school–going adolescents. A total of 303,519 adolescents participated in this study. They were drawn from 92 countries in the latest Global School–based Student Health Survey of school children aged 14–17 years. Our analysis covered the period between 2003 and 2015 for which data are available, grouped according to the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The pooled weighted prevalence of early initiation of alcohol, drug and tobacco use amongst adolescents (aged <14 years) was 15·37% (28·19% for aged 14–17...
Worldwide application of prevention science in adolescent health
The Lancet, 2012
The burden of morbidity and mortality from non-communicable disease has risen worldwide and is accelerating in low-income and middle-income countries, whereas the burden from infectious diseases has declined. Since this transition, the prevention of non-communicable disease as well as communicable disease causes of adolescent mortality has risen in importance. Problem behaviours that increase the short-term or long-term likelihood of morbidity and mortality, including alcohol, tobacco, and other drug misuse, mental health problems, unsafe sex, risky and unsafe driving, and violence are largely preventable. In the past 30 years new discoveries have led to prevention science being established as a discipline designed to mitigate these problem behaviours. Longitudinal studies have provided an understanding of risk and protective factors across the life course for many of these problem behaviours. Risks cluster across development to produce early accumulation of risk in childhood and more pervasive risk in adolescence. This understanding has led to the construction of developmentally appropriate prevention policies and programmes that have shown short-term and long-term reductions in these adolescent problem behaviours. We describe the principles of prevention science, provide examples of effi cacious preventive interventions, describe challenges and potential solutions to take effi cacious prevention policies and programmes to scale, and conclude with recommendations to reduce the burden of adolescent mortality and morbidity worldwide through preventive intervention.
Prevention Research Update Number 2
1988
This quarterly publication is prepared by the Western Center for Drug-Free Schools and Communities, and summarizes recent research on adolescent drug abuse and its prevention. This issue abstracts and reviews the implications of new research dealing with substance abuse among minority youth, specifically Native Americans. The goal is to help bridge the communications gap between researchers, practitioners, and the general population by disseminating research in an accessible manner and providing an introductory overview. The overview of the abstracted documents discusses minority youth as an at-risk population. The research uniformly demonstrates that substance abuse is widely prevalent among NatLve American adolescents and even younger children. Alcohol is by far the most widely abused drug among all age groups, with marijuana the next most popular substance for abuse. It is evident that drug prevention programs developed for mainstream youth have had little impact on minorities and that any prevention efforts must overcome several cultural and socioeconomic barriers. Various cultural factors have been studied as being important in increasing the possibility of substance abuse among American Indians. The overview calls for education and intervention programs, suggesting that work be directed toward reducing the number of factors that put Indian youth at risk. The overview is followed by 20 abstracts of published research from 1985 to 1988 arranged alphabetically by author. The document also contains 112 references. (TES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Prevention Goals, Methods, and Outcomes. Prevention Research Update, Number One/Fall 1988
Prevention Research Update, 1988
This publication summarizes recent research on adolescent drug abuse and its prevention. The research reviewed here illustrates the complexity of adolescent drug abuse and its prevention, particularly the many variables that may affect outcomes. In subject matter, the 12 studies reviewed in this initial update, all published in 1988, can be grouped into three broad areas: (1) six studies deal with the evaluation of curriculum and school-based programs; (2) four studies discuss correlates and consequences of adolescent drug use; and (3) two are surveys of attitudes and . perceptions. More than 60 references are included. (JD)
Prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug abuse among school-going male adolescents in Jammu
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2015
as the age group of 10-19 years. In India, adolescents constitute 21.4% (one-fifth) of the total population. Owing to huge numbers, one of the most important commitments India can make for its future economic, social, and political progresses and stability is to address the health and developmental needs of its adolescents. Adolescents, from both rural and urban areas, may start experimenting with risky behaviors, then intensify unhealthy activities, and ultimately demonstrate extreme vulnerability to such behaviors.
Advancing Prevention Science and Practice: Challenges, Critical Issues, and Future Directions
Prevention Science, 2000
Progress in identifying effective programs and policies for preventing tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use has stimulated a growing sense of optimism about the potential of prevention science and practice. This paper summarizes some of the key challenges and critical issues that still need to be addressed for the advances of the past two decades of prevention research to have an impact on the nature of prevention practice and eventually translate into reductions in mortality and morbidity. In addition to identifying effective strategies for disseminating the use of evidence-based prevention programs and policies, issues related to implementation fidelity and adaptation need to be better understood as well as factors associated with institutionalization of effective prevention programs. Further advances in prevention science and practice will require a new emphasis on blended research models that involve conducting prevention research in practice settings with the active collaboration of researchers and practitioners.
School-based programmes to prevent alcohol, tobacco and other drug use
International Review of Psychiatry, 2007
Substance use and abuse are important public health problems in the USA and throughout the world. In many developed countries, the initial stages of substance use typically include experimentation with alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana with one's peer group during adolescence. While there have been gradual decreases in the use of these substances in recent years among youth in the USA and other countries, increases have been observed in the use and misuse of other substances, such as the misuse of prescription drugs and over-the-counter cough medications in the USA. From a developmental perspective, data shows that rates of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit drug use typically escalate during adolescence and peak during young adulthood, corresponding with the increased freedom and independence of this time of life. Substance use decreases for most young people as they take on adult responsibilities, although a proportion will continue or increase their use and develop substance use problems. Given what we know about the onset and progression of substance use, implementing preventive interventions during early adolescence is critical. Most drug prevention or education programmes take place in school settings. A variety of theory-based school-based drug prevention programmes have been developed and tested. The most effective programmes are delivered interactively and teach skills to help young people refuse drug offers, resist pro-drug influences, correct misperceptions that drug use is normative, and enhance social and personal competence skills. A key challenge is to identify mechanisms for the wide dissemination of evidence-based drug preventive interventions and ways to train providers to implement programmes effectively and thoroughly.
Does elementary school alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use increase middle school risk?
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2002
Methods: Longitudinal analyses were conducted on questionnaire data from 331 middle school students who had previously provided ATOD-use data during elementary school. Non-school personnel administered questionnaires in three participating school districts in three different states. The sample of students was ethnically and geographically diverse, including students from a range of low socioeconomic status backgrounds living in rural, urban or inner-city environments.
Are Adolescents likely to Start Smoking APJCP Volume 19 Issue S1 Pages 25 31
The prevalence of cigarette smoking is high among adolescents in the Caribbean, including Jamaica. Age of initiation of cigarette smoking varies among adolescents. A number of factors has been reported to influence early age of initiation of cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to determine if parental smoking status was associated with early age of onset of cigarette smoking among Jamaican adolescents. Methods: Data from the Jamaican National School Survey (NSS) conducted in 2013 were analysed. The nationally representative sample comprised of 3,365 students enrolled in 8th grade to 12th grade in 38 public and private secondary schools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using SPSS. Results: The mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking among the subjects was 12.4years [SD: 2.69]. There was no significant association between parental cigarette smoking status and the age of initiation of cigarette smoking among the adolescents (female X 2 = 0.753, P = 0.861; male X 2 = 6.953, P = 0.073). Logistic regression analysis showed that parental smoking status was not a predictor of early age of initiation of cigarette smoking among the adolescents (father/ guardian AOR= 0.81, 95% CI= 0.56-1.11; mother/guardian AOR= 0.96, 95% CI= 0.44 -2.10; both parent AOR= 0.49, 95%CI= 0.22-1.07). However, having a parent with secondary education was a risk factor for early initiation of smoking (AOR= 1.71, 95%CI= 1.13-2.57), while being in 8th grade was a protective factor against early age of initiation of cigarette smoking (AOR= 0.43, 95% CI= 0.23 -0.80). Conclusion: Parental smoking cigarette smoking status was not a predictor of early age of cigarette smoking initiation among Jamaican adolescents.
Addictive Behaviors Reports, 2020
Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. In Chile, the prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents is the highest in the Americas. Our aim was to identify prevalence trends of cannabis use and associated factors in adolescents. Methods: We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses of 416,417 cross-sectional school-based surveys of adolescents from 8th to 12th grade conducted between 2003 and 2017 in Chile. Cannabis use was the dependent variable. Age, gender, socioeconomic variables, and factors on the individual, school and family level were assessed as independent variables. Results: The prevalence of cannabis use in the past year increased from 13.6% in 2003 to 31.3% in 2017 in a linear trend (F(df:1,6) = 27.6; R 2 = 0.79; p < 0.01). The strongest association with cannabis use was seen for having friends who regularly use cannabis, and low perceived risk of cannabis use. Between 2003 and 2017, the strength of association between the variable having friends who regularly use cannabis and cannabis use decreased from OR = 6.2 to OR = 2.9, in a significant linear trend (F(df:1,6) = 60.5; R 2 = 0.89; p < 0.01); whereas the OR for low parental rejection of cannabis use with cannabis use increased in a linear trend (F(df:1,6) = 22.8; R 2 = 0.75, p < 0.01) from OR = 1.2 to OR = 2.1. Conclusions: Increasing cannabis use of adolescents in Chile requires adjustments of prevention strategies. Prevalence factors identified here constitute potential targets for interventions.
Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2022
INTRODUCTION Globally, an estimated 1.3 billion people in the world smoke tobacco products, of which more than 8 million die annually. A disproportionate number of these deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries like Thailand. Over 19% (10.7 million) of the Thai population aged ≥15 years were estimated to be smokers; of these, 7.8% were aged 15-18 years. Nearly 1 in 10 Thai students is a current tobacco user; about 20% of these smokers had initiated smoking before their 10th birthday. This shows that early smoking initiation among Thai youths is indeed a public health problem. This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with smoking initiation among adolescents from low-income backgrounds. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among youth aged 15-18 years living in low-cost housing estates in Nakhon Pathom province between 1 December 2019 and 30 July 2020. A total of 290 participants were recruited by stratified random sampling. A proprietary questionnaire was used to collect the data, which were analyzed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS Risk factors for smoking initiation were having one or both parents deceased (OR=2.28; 95% CI: 1.218-3.471, p=0.001), having divorced parents (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.158-2.509, p=0.013), and poor academic performance (OR=2.50; 95% CI: 0.133-3.551, p=0.032). Protective factors were having knowledge of cigarettes (OR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.179-0.895, p=0.004) and correct perception of legal public smoking places (OR=0.45; 95% CI: 0.140-0.850, p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS To curb the risks of early smoking initiation among youths of lowincome backgrounds, both education and health authorities need to collaboratively design interventions tailored to raise awareness of the negative health impacts of tobacco, improve the performance of underperforming students, and meet the social needs of students whose parents are either deceased or separated to improve their social ties.
PLOS ONE, 2015
Smoking among Malaysian adolescents remains a public health concern despite concerted efforts in tobacco control. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and determinants of current-smoking status in young adolescents. This cross sectional study used the first round of the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Research Team's prospective cohort study. It was conducted in three States of the Central and Northern regions of Peninsular Malaysia between March and May 2012. The study used the multistage stratified sampling design. A total of 1,342 adolescents of both sexes, aged 12-13 years, were sampled from randomly selected urban and rural national schools. Information on current smoking status and associated factors were collected by a self-administered, pre-tested, validated, structured questionnaire. Seven percent of the samples were current-smokers; the majority (62%) of them started smoking at the age of 11 years or below. The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher in males (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.84), those who were influenced by smoker friends (OR = 8.35; 95% CI: 4.90, 14.25), who were unaware of the health risks of smoking (OR =1.85; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.36) and who reported a lack of satisfaction about their overall life (OR =3.26; 95% CI: 1.73, 6.12). The study findings provide valuable information to strengthen the existing school-based smoking prevention program through integration of social competence and social influence curricula. The program should empower the young adolescents to refuse tobacco offers, to overcome social influences and to resist peer pressure to avoid starting smoking. Particular focuses to include mental health service to prevent both emotional and behavioural problems are needed.
Health risk behaviors among high school and university adolescent students
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2018
Tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse constitute a public health concern. Data regarding health risk behaviors among Greek youth are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate health risk behaviors of a large adolescent sample (730 adolescents, 294 males and 436 females), residing in different areas of Greece, trace perceived side effects and associate the findings with the adopted lifestyle. High school students and University newcomers, aged 14-21 years (17.8±4.5 years), selfreported health risk behaviors via an anonymous, closed-type, validated questionnaire. Simultaneous adoption of unhealthy habits, such as smoking and drug abuse, were not independent (χ 2 =38.668, P=0.01). Age was the most significant factor in the adoption of unhealthy behaviors; smoking (χ 2 =27.220, P=0.01), misuse of cannabis and recreational drugs (χ 2 =9.874, P=0.05) and combining alcohol and smoking with entertainment (χ 2 =8.708, P=0.05; χ 2 =317.309, P=0.05, respectively) were adopted more by the elder (18-20 years) than the younger (15-18 years) teenagers. Males were more prone to abuse of cannabis (χ 2 =8.844, P=0.01), whereas females combined drinking and smoking with loud music during entertainment (χ 2 =6.618, P=0.05). The majority (64%) reported driving after drinking alcohol and intense entertainment, especially in urban areas. Almost half of smokers (53.1%) and drug users (46.3%) first encountered smoking or drugs from friends. Educational institutions and entertainment venues were the main places of initiation of smoking (26%) or drug use (35.2%), respectively. Adolescents from touristic regions were more prone to smoking (33.9%, P=0.01) and drug abuse (53.7%, P=0.01). The lower the frequency of exercise, the higher the consumption of psychoactive substances (P=0.022). Youth engaging in unhealthy habits were also willing to use prohibited doping substances (56%, P=0.043). Health problems were the main reason to consider changing habits (72%). In conclusion, health risk behaviors were multifactorial and tended to cluster. Thus, preventive youth strategies should target negative peer influences, especially during late adolescence.
Journal of School Health, 2006
The aim of this population-based survey was to compare the prevalence of selected risk behaviors between students present or absent on the day of a school-based survey. The study population was a representative sample of all students of secondary schools in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). Students absent on the day of the survey were traced and requested to complete the same self-administered questionnaire as did present students. Self-reported consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana were measured. Of the sample of 1453 eligible students aged 11 to 17 years, 1321 ''present students'' completed the survey (90.9% participation), 11 refused to answer all questions, and 121 were not present at school. We could trace 105 of the 121 students not present at school on the survey day (''absent students''), and all of them completed the questionnaire over the next 4 weeks. The prevalence of risk behaviors was significantly higher in absent than present students for current smoking and drinking. Inclusion of data from the absent students resulted in a relative increase in the prevalence of the considered behaviors by 3% to 8% as compared to data based on present students only. In conclusion, the prevalence of risk behaviors was higher in absent than present students. Adjusting for data of absent students increased the prevalence estimates in the base population. (J Sch Health. 2006;76(4):133-137) Pascal Bovet, MD, MPH, Head, (pbovet@seychelles.net), Unit of Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Health,
Discussed Issues in Preventive Intervention Programs
The growing number of studies in the field of prevention science and related advancements in evidence based programs leads to some discussions about the fundamental issues such as efficacy, effectiveness, dissemination, adaptation, fidelity and continuity in recent years. In this article it is intended to report the common views of early childhood preventive intervention program and also to discuss how implementation, adaptation, and dissemination process must be conducted to reach high effectiveness of the program. Moreover the recent progress on common prevention interventions is presented by emphasizing the similarities and differences between Turkey and other countries. Finally, it will provide an insight and intuitive perspective for further studies in prevention science field in early childhood education.
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Determinants and patterns of physical activity practice among Spanish university students
Journal of sports sciences, 2011
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants of physical activity practice, as well as the motivations for being or not being physically active in Spanish university students. A representative sample of students from a Spanish university (n = 2,051; 42.1% males; mean age 21.9, s = 4.8 years) participated in the present cross-sectional study. A questionnaire including questions regarding lifestyle, dietary habits, parents' characteristics, and physical activity habits was administered to the students. The socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants of physical activity practice were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. 68.4% of men and 48.4% of women reported to practise physical activity in the present sample. Those who practised physical activity consumed more fruits and were less likely to be smokers compared to non-physically active students. Also, physically inactive men spent more time in front of the computer and physically inactive women spent more time in front of the TV and were more likely to be frequent alcohol consumers. Maternal educational level and maternal physical activity habits were also important determinants of physical activity practice among men and women respectively. In conclusion, physically active students tended to engage in other healthy habits in the present population, suggesting the clustering of healthy or unhealthy lifestyle factors among specific subgroups.
Public health nutrition, 2012
To ascertain the prevalence of and association between main lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) in students from the Balearic Islands University.A cross-sectional, descriptive study. A questionnaire including questions on lifestyle, dietary habits and physical activity habits was administered to the students. Four different diet quality scores were calculated (Diet Diversity Score, Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Guidelines Score and Global Dietary Guidelines Score).A sample of students from the Balearic Islands University.Nine hundred and eighty-seven students (45·5 % males; mean age 21·5 (sd 3·3) years).The dietary pattern of the student population was characterized by a low consumption of cereals and tubers, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes and nuts, and a high consumption of processed meat, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and pastries. Linear, positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the number of meals consumed daily and all of the diet quality scores determined. Determinants of diet quality, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses, were physical activity practice, sex, age and number of meals consumed daily.Risk factors such as smoking, diet and physical inactivity had a tendency of clustering among Spanish university students. Overall diet quality was low, due to important departures from dietary recommendations and loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern. Nutritional education campaigns that include promotion of physical activity practice are needed to improve the overall health status of this population.(Received May 31 2011)(Accepted December 21 2011)(Online publication February 07 2012)
Cannabis use and its socio-demographic correlates among in-school adolescents in Zambia
Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2013
Background: Cannabis dependence in adolescents predicts increased risks of using other illicit drugs, poor academic performance and reporting psychotic symptoms. The prevalence of cannabis use was estimated two decades ago in Zambia among secondary school students. There are no recent estimates of the extent of the problem; further, correlates for its use have not been documented in Zambia. The objective of study was to estimate the current prevalence of cannabis use and its socio-demographic correlates among in-school adolescents. Methods: We conducted secondary analysis of data that was obtained from the 2004 Zambia Global School-Based Health Survey. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with cannabis use. Results: A total of 2,257 adolescents participated in the survey of which 53.9% were females. The overall prevalence of self reported ever-used cannabis was 37.2% (34.5% among males and 39.5% among females). In multivariate analysis, males were 8% (AOR = 0.92; 95% CI [0.89, 0.95]) less likely to have ever smoked cannabis. Compared to adolescents aged 16 years or older, adolescents aged 14 years were 45% (AOR = 1.45; 95% CI [1.37, 1.55]) more likely, and those aged 15 years were 44% (AOR = 0.56; 95% CI [0.53, 0.60]) less likely to report to have ever smoked cannabis. Other factors that were significantly associated with cannabis use were history of having engaged in sexual intercourse (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI [2.46, 2.64]), alcohol use (AOR = 4.38; 95% CI [4.24,.53]), and having been bullied (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI [1.71, 1.83]). Adolescents who reported being supervised by parents during free time were less likely to have smoked cannabis (AOR = 0.92; 95% CI [0.88, 0.95]). Conclusions: The use of cannabis is prevalent among Zambian in-school adolescents. Efforts to prevent adolescents' psychoactive drug use in Zambia should be designed considering the significant factors associated with drug use in the current study.
BMC Pediatrics, 2011
Background: We examined the associations between substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and cannabis use) and psychosocial characteristics at the individual and family levels among adolescents of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing small island state in the African region. Methods: A school survey was conducted in a representative sample of 1432 students aged 11-17 years from all secondary schools. Data came from a self-administered anonymous questionnaire conducted along a standard methodology (Global School-based Health Survey, GSHS). Risk behaviors and psychosocial characteristics were dichotomized. Association analyses were adjusted for a possible classroom effect. Results: The prevalence of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use was higher in boys than in girls and increased with age. Age-adjusted and multivariate analyses showed that several individual level characteristics (e.g. suicidal ideation and truancy) and family level characteristics (e.g. poor parental monitoring) were associated with substance use among students. Conclusions: Our results suggest that health promotion programs should simultaneously address multiple risk behaviors and take into account a wide range of psychosocial characteristics of the students at the individual and family levels.
Addressing non-communicable diseases in the Seychelles: towards a comprehensive plan of action
Global Health Promotion, 2010
This article reviews the different steps taken during the past 20 years for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Seychelles. National surveys revealed high levels of several cardiovascular risk factors and prompted an organized response, starting with the creation of an NCD unit in the Ministry of Health. Information campaigns and nationwide activities raised awareness and rallied increasingly broad and high-level support. Significant policy was developed including comprehensive tobacco legislation and a School Nutrition Policy that bans soft drinks in schools. NCD guidelines were developed and specialized 'NCD nurses' were trained to complement doctors in district health centers. Decreasing smoking prevalence is evidence of success, but the raising so-called diabesity epidemic calls for an integrated multi-sector policy to mould an environment conducive to healthy behaviors. Essential components of these efforts include: effective surveillance mechanisms supplemented by focused research; generating broad interest and consensus; mobilizing leadership and commitment at all levels; involving local and international expertise; building on existing efforts; and seeking integrated, multi-disciplinary and multi-sector approaches.
Clustering of health and risk behaviour in immigrant and indigenous Dutch residents aged 19–40 years
International Journal of Public Health, 2012
Objectives Studies on the co-occurrence, 'clustering' of health and other risk behaviours among immigrants from non-industrialised countries lack until now. The aim of this study was to compare this clustering in immigrant and indigenous adults. Methods A representative sample (N = 2,982; response 71%) of the Dutch population aged 19-40, with 247 respondents from non-industrialized countries (Turkey, Morocco, Surinam, Netherlands Antilles), was asked about health behaviours (alcohol, smoking, drugs, unsafe sex, exercise, nutrition, sleep behaviour, traffic behaviour), and about rule-breaking behaviour and aggression. Data were collected using internet questionnaires, which excluded respondents unable to read Dutch. Results Among indigenous adults, health and risk behaviours co-occur in three clusters (alcohol, health-enhancing behaviour, and rule-breaking behaviour), whereas among immigrant groups two clusters were found (alcohol and rule-breaking behaviour/smoking). Differences mostly concerned health-enhancing behaviours such as nutrition, which was not part of any cluster, and physical activity. Conclusions This supports an integrated promotion of healthier lifestyles to immigrants who are able to read Dutch. Regarding potentially risky behaviours like alcohol use and rule-breaking behaviours, this could be similar to that for indigenous people.
The European Journal of Public Health, 2009
Background: Many prevention and intervention measures are still targeting isolated behaviours such as tobacco use or physical inactivity. Cluster analysis enables the aggregation of single health behaviours in order to identify distinctive behaviour patterns. The purpose of this study was to group a sample of the over-50 population into clusters that exhibit specific health behaviour patterns regarding regular tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Methods: From the total population of the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, 982 men and 1020 women aged 50-70 were randomly selected. Subjects were asked by trained interviewers in computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) about health behaviour and sociodemographic characteristics. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify distinct health behaviour patterns. Multinomial logistic regression was used to characterize clusters by specific social attributes. Results: Five homogeneous health behaviour clusters were identified: 'No Risk Behaviours' (25.3%), 'Physically Inactives' (21.1%), 'Fruit and Vegetable Avoiders' (18.2%), 'Smokers with Risk Behaviours' (12.7%) and 'Drinkers with Risk Behaviours' (22.7%). Whereas the first cluster is the ideal in terms of risk and prevention, the latter two groups include regular users of tobacco and excessive consumers of alcohol, who also engage in other risk behaviours like inactivity and maintaining an unhealthy diet. These two risk groups also exhibit specific sociodemographic attributes (male, living alone, social class affiliation). Conclusion: Unhealthy behaviours evidently occur in typical combinations. An awareness of this clustering enables prevention and intervention measures to be planned so that multiple behaviours can be modified simultaneously.
Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 2013
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and variables associated with the pa ern of risky health behavior (PRHB) among adolescent students in Cartagena, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was designed to inves gate PRHB in a random cluster sample of students from middle and high schools. The associa ons were adjusted by logistic regression. A total of 2,625 students participated in this research, with ages from 10 to 20 years, mean=13.8 years (SD=2.0), and 54.3% were women. A total of 332 students reported PRHB (12.7%, 95%CI 11.4-14.0). Age over 15 years (OR=2.19, 95%CI 1.72-2.79), not being heterosexual (OR=1.98, 95%CI 1.36-2.87), poor/mediocre academic performance (OR=1.87, 95%CI 1.47-2.38), family dysfunction (OR=1.78, 95%CI 1.40-2.28) and male gender (OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.24-2.01) were associated with PRHB. One in every eight students presented a PRHB. It is important to pay greater a en on to students who are over 15 years of age, male, not heterosexual, with a poor/mediocre academic performance and a dysfunc onal family.
Predictors of smoking among primary and secondary school students in Botswana
PLOS ONE, 2017
This study seeks to determine the prevalence and risk factors for smoking among students aged 12-18 years in two cities in Botswana. Using a sample of 2554 students we adapted the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) methodology to assess students' smoking practices, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with smoking. The results revealed that 10% of students were current tobacco smokers with 29% reporting having tried smoking. Self-image and acceptance by peers were the strongest predictors of smoking overall (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 3.13, 95%, Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.67-3.66). Intention to smoke or to continue to smoke and perceived norms in conformity with smoking were also independently associated with smoking (aOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 167-2.11 and aOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10-1.57, respectively). Perceived prevalence and exposure to smoking by peers and family and access to tobacco products was stronger among females (aOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.52-1.91) compared to males (aOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.70-1.24). Our results indicate that anti-tobacco interventions in Botswana should prioritize intra-personal factors associated with smoking. Our findings also suggest that different interventions targeting male and female students should be explored.
Substance use among Palestinian youth in the West Bank, Palestine: a qualitative investigation
BMC public health, 2016
Youth health risk behaviors, including substance use (psychoactive substances including alcohol and illicit drugs), have been the subject of relatively limited study to date in Middle Eastern countries. This study provides insights into the perceived prevalence and patterns of alcohol and drug use among Palestinian youth. The study was based on ten focus groups and 17 individual interviews with youth aged 16-24 years (n = 83), collected as part of the formative phase of a cross-sectional, population representative study of risk taking behaviors among Palestinian youth in the West Bank in 2012. Qualitative analysis was used to code detailed notes of focus groups and interviews. Most participants reported that substance use exists, even in socially conservative communities. Almost all participants agreed that alcohol consumption is common and that alcohol is easily available. The top alcoholic drinks referred to by the study participants were vodka, whisky, beer, and wine. Most partic...
BMC Public Health, 2015
Background: Understanding the patterns of comorbid substance use, particularly among adolescents, is necessary to address resulting harm. This study investigated the prevalence of comorbid use of marijuana, tobacco and binge drinking among 14 to 15-year-olds. The study also examined the relationship between comorbid substance use and behaviour frequency and explored common underlying risk factors for comorbid substance use. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 3,017 New Zealand Year 10 students completed self-report measures of marijuana use, tobacco use, binge drinking and socio-demographic characteristics in the 2012 Youth Insights Survey (YIS). Weighted population estimates were calculated. Ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to a) investigate the relationship between comorbidity and substance use behaviour frequency, and b) profile those with the greatest degree of comorbid substance use. Results: In the past month, one-in-twenty (4.7%) students had engaged in all three substance use behaviours, 5.8% in two, and 11.9% in one. Around half of adolescents who had engaged in one had also engaged in another, with three-quarters of tobacco-users also using marijuana and/or binge drinking. Respondents who reported a greater degree of comorbidity were likely to engage in substance use behaviour more frequently. Comorbid substance use was significantly predicted by gender, ethnicity, school decile status, past week income, social connectedness, and parental monitoring and rule enforcement. Conclusions: The results identify a core group of adolescents sharing common characteristics who frequently engage in comorbid substance use behaviours. More sophisticated and wider interventions addressing multiple substances are required, especially for marijuana and tobacco use.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2021
Global surveys have highlighted rise in consumption of cannabinoids among residents of both developed and developing countries. Cannabinoids cause severe damage to the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, and renal systems, and have been linked with several deaths. Despite these adverse health effects, the use of cannabinoids has rapidly increased. This work seeks to estimate the prevalence of cannabinoid abuse among Egyptian university students and explore the associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out over 3 months (1st of July–1st of October 2020) and included 2380 students. Participants were subjected to a pre-designed self-administered questionnaire that included demographic data, Addiction Severity Index, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Among the participating students, 4.9% of them reported cannabinoid abuse and 41% reported smoking cigarettes. The most used substances were hashish (96.5%), Strox (41.3%), Bhang (34.4%), voodoo (34.4%), and Tramadol...
Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
This study aimed to analyze the association between smoking during adolescence and the characteristics of smoking and alcohol consumption among their parents. Cross-sectional study in Londrina (PR), Brazil. The subjects comprised 1,231 adolescents aged 14-17 years. The adolescents and their parents answered a self-report questionnaire that asked for sociodemographic information and data on smoking and alcohol consumption. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between smoking among adolescents and their characteristics (age, sex, period of the day for attending school, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic level) and their parents' characteristics (smoking, alcohol consumption, age and education level), adjusted according to the adolescents' characteristics (sex, age and socioeconomic level). The prevalence of smoking among adolescents was 3.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.4-4.4). Adolescents whose mothers or fathers were smokers were 2.0 an...
BMC Public Health, 2015
Background: Substance use of adolescents was investigated in a region around Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in the period 2005-2009. The study was intended to find out to what extent behaviour related to different substances are interrelated and how trends develop in different subgroups. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted among Dutch students in the second and fourth year of secondary school, aged 13-16 [n = 1,854 in 2005; n = 2,088 in 2009] by making use of an online questionnaire including questions about alcohol consumption, tobacco use (smoking behaviour) and cannabis use. Two educational levels were included. Results: Decreases in alcohol consumption, tobacco and cannabis use were found between 2005 and 2009. The strongest decline was seen in alcohol consumption. Last month drinking decreased from 61.8 % in 2005 to 36.5 % in 2009. Last month binge drinking decreased from 38.7 % in 2005 to 24.0 % in 2009. Reduced alcohol consumption was found among boys and girls, for all ages and in both educational levels. Changes were strongest among 13-year-olds. Weekly or daily smoking declined between 2005 and 2009 among 13-year-olds, girls and students in the lower schooling level. Last month cannabis use decreased among girls and students in the higher schooling level. In both 2005 and 2009 clustering with alcohol consumption was found for the use of other substances. Conclusions: Between 2005 and 2009 alcohol consumption strongly decreased among high school students. This may be due to the national prevention campaign which in the same period highlighted the importance of not drinking before the age of 16. The decrease in smoking and cannabis use between 2005 and 2009 may be due to clustering with alcohol consumption. A reduction in the use of alcohol in adolescence did not lead to replacement by tobacco or cannabis use.
Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2018
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High alcohol use and misuse in a representative sample of in-school adolescents in the Seychelles
Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2019
The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use among adolescents in the 2015 Seychelles Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). In all, 2 540 students (median age = 14 years, interquartile range = 12-16) filled in a questionnaire in the cross-sectional GSHS. Results indicate that 47 .6% were drinking alcohol in the past month, 42.6% reported lifetime drunkenness, 23.1% reported heavy drinking (≥2 alcoholic drinks/day in the past month), and 15 .7% reported problem-drinking. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age, tobacco use, amphetamine use, sexual risk behaviour, school truancy, physical fighting, injury, and low parental support were associated with current drinking and/or drunkenness, heavy drinking, and problem-drinking. A high prevalence of alcohol consumption was found; calling for intervention programmes in preventing alcohol misuse .
High alcohol use and misuse among a national sample of school adolescents in Benin in 2016
Drugs-education Prevention and Policy, 2019
The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use and misuse among adolescents in the 2016 Benin 'Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)'. In all, 2536 adolescents with a median age of 17 years (interquartile range ¼ 3) from Benin responded to the 2015 cross-sectional GSHS. A nationally representative sample of students between the ages of 13 and 17 years was selected based on a two-stage (schools and classes) cluster sample design. Students responded to questions on sociodemographic factors, substance use, psychological distress, other health risk behaviour and protective factors. Almost half (44.1%) of the adolescents reported past-month alcohol use, 25.3% ever been drunk, and 15.0% past-month heavy alcohol use (!two more drinks/day). In adjusted Poisson regression analysis, among both boys and/or girls, current tobacco use, multiple sexual partners, 'ever cannabis use', 'ever amphetamine use', school truancy, bullying victimization, soft drink consumption and lack of parental support were associated with alcohol use and/or misuse. A high prevalence of alcohol use and misuse was found and strategies to prevent alcohol misuse, including a number of risk behaviours, are needed.
Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2018
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cannabis and amphetamine use and associated factors among adolescents in nine African countries. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 25,372 adolescents (mean age 14.3 years, SD D 1.6) from nine African countries that participated in the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2009-2013. Information was collected with a self-administered structured questionnaire. Overall, past-month cannabis use was 4.1% and lifetime amphetamine use was 5.1% among students. In multivariable unconditional regression analysis older age, personal attributes (suicidal ideation, current smoking, school truancy, and having had two or more sexual partners), smoking status of the father and/or mother, and environmental stressors (having experienced hunger, been bullied, having been in a physical fight and having been attacked) were associated with both past-month cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. Measures to prevent and control cannabis and amphetamine use should include personal attributes (suicidal ideation, school truancy, and HIV sexual risk behavior) and environmental stressors (food insecurity and violence).
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of alcohol use and misuse, and to identify its associated factors among in-school adolescents in the 2015 Thailand Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The sample included 5994 school-going adolescents (mean age 14.5 years, SD = 1.7) from Thailand that responded to the 2015 GSHS. Overall, 22.2% were current alcohol users, 24.3% had ever been drunk, 12.1% had drunk two or more alcoholic drinks in a day in the past 30 days and 10.8% had gotten into trouble because of drinking alcohol. In adjusted Poisson regression analysis, older age, psychological distress, current tobacco use, the consumption of one or more soft drinks a day, school truancy, having been in a physical fight in the past 12 months, and having been seriously injured in the past 12 months were associated with current alcohol use. Older age, psychological distress, current tobacco use and injury also increased the odds for lifetime drunkenness, having two or more drinks in a day and trouble resulting from drinking. Soft drink consumption and having been in a physical fight also increased the odds for lifetime drunkenness and having two or more drinks in a day and school truancy also increased the odds for lifetime drunkenness and trouble resulting from drinking. In addition. Parental tobacco use was associated with lifetime drunkenness and trouble resulting from drinking, cannabis use with trouble resulting from drinking, and parental support was protective from trouble resulting from drinking. There were no significant sex differences regarding any of the four alcohol use indicators. More than one in five school-going adolescents in Thailand use and misuse alcohol, and strategies to prevent alcohol misuse, including a cluster of risk behaviours, are needed.
Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2018
Introduction Concurrent tobacco use and binge drinking is a growing public health problem in many parts of the world (Falk, Yi, & Hiller-Sturmhöfel, 2006). Concurrent substance use refers to the use of two different substances during a specified time-period, not temporarily, at the same time. The prevalence statistics for South Africa for tobacco use (current smoking 17 .6%, current use of other tobacco products 5 .2%; Reddy, Zuma, Shisana, Kim, & Sewpaul, 2015) and risky alcohol consumption (e .g ., binge drinking 14 .1%; Vellios & Van Walbeek, 2017) are cause for public health concern. Most alarming is the fact that about 10 .1% of South Africans under treatment for tuberculosis were conjointly "hazardous, harmful or dependent alcohol users and daily or almost-daily tobacco users" (Peltzer, 2014, p. 21). Both tobacco and alcohol use significantly contribute to the global burden of disease (GBD 2015). Yet, little is known about the pattern and correlates of their concurrent use; hindering possible targeted intervention efforts (Jackson, Sher, & Schulenberg, 2005). Concurrent tobacco and alcohol use carries a higher risk for morbidity and mortality than use of either substance alone (Marrero et al ., 2005; Pelucchi Gallus, Garavello, Bosetti, & La Vecchia, 2006). The co-occurrence risks between tobacco use and alcohol use seem to increase with higher rates of consumption of each substance (e .g ., Kalman, Kim, DiGirolamo, Smelson & Ziedonis, 2010). For instance, almost 35% of individuals with an alcohol use disorder also have a tobacco use disorder (Grant, Hasin, Chou, Stinson, & Dawson, 2004); and persons with a substance use disorder "smoke two to four times the rate of the general population" (Schroeder, 2017, p. 226). Several possible reasons for this co-occurrence risk between tobacco and alcohol include pharmacological, behavioural, and genetic factors (Littleton, Barron,
Electronic cigarette use among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong
BMC public health, 2016
Little is known about electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among Chinese adolescents. We examined the prevalence of current (past 30-day) e-cigarette use and its associated factors in a large sample of adolescents in Hong Kong. We analyzed data of the School-based Survey on Smoking among Students 2012/13 from a representative sample of 45,857 secondary school students (mean age: 14.8 ± 1.9). We conducted chi-square tests and t-test to compare current e-cigarette use by covariates. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between current e-cigarette use and demographic variables, parental smoking, peer smoking, knowledge about the harm of cigarette smoking, attitudes toward cigarette smoking, cigarette smoking status, use of other tobacco products, and alcohol consumption. Overall, 1.1 % of students reported current e-cigarette use. Of e-cigarette users, 11.7 % were never-cigarette smokers, 15.8 % were experimental cigarette smokers, 39.3 % were former c...