Kravchenko E. Tauri and Chersonesos / Кравченко Е.А. Таври і Херсонес // Археологический альманах, 2010, № 20, с. 50-69 (original) (raw)

«Древний Херсонес» Страбона: картография [Strabo's Ancient Chersonesus: Cartography] // Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры, № 3 (2024), 5–29.

The article discusses the main findings in the studies of the chora of Chersonesus Taurica with regard to Strabo’s “ancient Chersonesus”. It is argued that this site was a phrourion of the polis of Chersonesus. The article describes maps of the Heracleian Peninsula made in 1786; the map according to Clarke and Dubois de Montperreux published by Neumann; materials of Kościuszko-Waluszyński and Berthier-Delagarde; map and plan made by N.M. Pechenkin; studies by A.N. Shcheglov. The main conclusion is that the land division of the Mayachny and Heracleian Peninsulas does not spread onto the isthmus of the Mayachny Peninsula, where the phrourion, i.e. the “ancient Chersonesus” was located. The isthmus was not used as an agricultural area, its main purpose was fortification-related. The elevated (southern) part of the phrourion is explained as an acropolis (in this regard we follow Pechenkin and Shcheglov); there a temple was situated. This temple was built next to the western fortifi cation wall and was excavated by Kościuszko-Waluszyński. The lower (central and northern) part was probably an industrial and residential area. The phrourion was therefore divided into two zones; reliable evidence of division into more parts is not available. The status of “ancient Chersonesus” was probably unclear in Strabo’s time. He does not characterize it as a city or a stronghold. This may be due to the fact that when the adjacent territories of the Heracleian and Mayachny Peninsulas were divided and built over, the fortification structures on the isthmus became unnecessary, because of which they were decrepit or dismantled a long time before Strabo. This may explain why he describes them as παλαιά and κατεσκαμμένη.

Materials from the Cistern in Block XIX of Tauric Chersonesos and Chronology of the Late Hellenistic City / Материалы из цистерны в XIX квартале Херсонеса Таврического (раскопки 1949–1950 гг.) и вопросы хронологии города позднеэллинистического периода// Записки ИИМК РАН, 2016, № 14, С. 124-142.

Записки ИИМК РАН, , 2016

The paper deals with finds from a cistern found by G. D. Belov and S. F. Strzheletsky in the block XIX of Chersonesos in 1949–1950. Over 100 objects from the cistern, stored in the State Museum-Reserve of Tauric Chersonesos, remain unpublished. The only find from the cistern infill which was published by the discoverers is a mould for casting an earring and a pendant, made of a sawed handle of a Rhodes amphora. The assemblage under study includes amphoras produced at Chersonesos, Sinope, Rhodes, Kos, Knidos and other enters, table, cooking, black-glazed pottery, fragments of relief bowls, a lamp, ceramic plummets. Of particular importance is a collection of amphora stamps represented by stamps from Sinope (2 items), Chersonesos (8 items) and Rhodes (6 items), which has already more than once become a subject of research. The revision of the stamps allows specifying the date of the assemblage formation. The latest finds (first of all, the Rhodes stamps belonging to chronological group IVа) do not go beyond the limits of the middle of the II c. BC. Therefore, the formation of the cistern infill should be dated to the middle/third quarter of the II c. BC. Статья посвящена находкам из цистерны, исследованной Г. Д. Беловым и С. Ф. Стржелецким в XIX квартале Херсонесского городища в 1949–1950 гг. В научных фондах Государственного историко-археологического музея-заповедника «Херсонес Таврический» хранятся более сотни происходящих из цистерны предметов, до настоящего времени не введенных в научный оборот. Единственная находка из засыпи цистерны, опубликованная авторами раскопок, — литейная форма для изготовления серьги и под- вески, выполненная из распиленной ручки родосской амфоры. В состав исследуемого комплекса входят амфоры производства Херсонеса, Синопы, Родоса, Коса, Книда и других центров, столовая, кухонная, чернолаковая керамика, фрагменты рельефных чаш, светильник, керамические грузила. Особое значение имеет коллекция амфорных клейм, представленная штампами Синопы (2 экз.), Херсонеса (8 экз.) и Родоса (6 экз.), к которой уже неоднократно обращались исследователи. Ревизия клейм из цистерны позволила уточнить датировку образования комплекса. Наиболее поздние находки из заполнения (в первую очередь, родосские амфорные штампы хронологической группы IVа) не выходят за пределы середины II в. до н. э. Серединой/третьей четвертью столетия и следует датировать образование слоя засыпи цистерны.

Абрамзон М.Г., Костромичев Д.А., Терещенко А.Е., Трейстер М.Ю. Два комплекса III в. н.э. с золотыми погребальными лицевыми пластинами из некрополя Херсонеса // РА. 2024. № 4. С. 80-95

2024

During excavations of Chersonesus in 2021, golden burial face plates with impressions of Roman coins of the 3rd century AD were found in two burials, those of a Roman soldier and a teenager. A silver fibula from the first burial allows the authors to assume confidently that the warrior was an officer (possibly a foederatus). His purse with antoniniani and Chersonesus bronze coins represents part of the military salary. This burial complex is a new evidence of a Roman garrison after the mid-3rd century AD. The uniqueness of the gold items (a mouth plate and a pair of eye plates) made in the same style from both graves, together with the details of Roman military equipment, suggests that this section of the Chersonesus southern necropolis was used to bury both Roman garrison soldiers and their family members

НАХОДКА ОТ ДЕНАРИ ОТ С. КОПРИВЕЦ, РУСЕНСКО, Сборник в памет на проф. Йорданка Юрукова, Известия на Националния Археологически Институт XLVI, 2020, стp. 75-84.

A second century hoard of Roman Imperial denarii from Koprivets village, Ruse region In 1960 – 1961 two coin hoards were found at Livadite site (the Meadows site) near Koprivets village, Ruse region. They have been concealed in the outlines of an antique unfortified settlement. One of them contains 42 coins – 4 denarii and 38 antoniniani – running chronologically from Emperor Caracalla to Gordian III. The hoard is known as Koprivets II. The other hoard consists of 38 denarii distributed as follows: Republican – 1 piece; Nero – 1; Galba – 1; Vespasian – 5; Titus – 1; Domitian – 2; Nerva – 1; Trajan – 4; Hadrian – 9; Antoninus Pius – 7; Faustina the Elder – 3; Faustina the Younger – 1; and Lucius Verus – 2. The hoard is marked as Koprivets I. Its chronological limits are from 56 BC to AD 163/ 164. The work here presented analysis the coin hoards closed with issues of Marcus Aurelius and found on the territory of present-day Bulgaria and Romania. The most probable reason for not recollecting the Koprivets I hoard was the invasion of the Costoboci in AD 170/ 171. The data available coming from the epigraphic texts, historical sources and archaeological research support this assumption.

Burial XIV c. from excavations of the temple on the Agora of Tauric Chersonese (Crimean Peninsula) // Лесная Е.С., Гинькут Н.В., Костромичёва А.В. Погребение 14 в. из раскопок храма на Агоре Херсонеса Таврического (Крымский полуостров)

Исторические, культурные, межнациональные, религиозные и политические связи Крыма со Средиземноморским регионом и странами Востока: Материалы VIII Международной научной конференции (Севастополь, 3–8 июня 2024 г.)., 2024

Данное издание представляет собой публикацию материалов VIII Международной научной конференции «Исторические, культурные, межнациональные, религиозные и политические связи Крыма со Средиземноморским регионом и странами Востока», которая проходила в г. Севастополе с 3 по 8 июня 2024 г. Тематика докладов, представленных на конференции, была посвящена проблемам политических, торговых и культурных связей Крыма с государствами Средиземноморского региона и странами Востока в древности, средневековье, новое время; проблемам межнациональных и политических отношений народов Крыма в прошлом и настоящем, а также археологии, нумизматики и эпиграфики Крыма, и многим другим вопросам. УДК 908 ББК 63.3(6Кры) ISBN 978-5-907846-14-2 (общ.) 978-5-907846-17-3 (т. 2) И90 ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЙ КОМИТЕТ VIII Международной научной конференции «Исторические, культурные, межнациональные, религиозные и политические связи Крыма со Средиземноморским регионом и странами Востока» (3-8 июня 2024 г., Севастополь) ÑÎÄÅÐAEÀÍÈÅ Кущ Т. В.

Скорий С.А., Саєнко В.М. Професор Олексій Іванович Тереножкін (до 110-річчя від дня народження) // Археологія. - 2017. - № 4. - С. 49-60.

2017

PROFESSOR OLEkSII IVANOVYCH TERENOZHkIN (to the 110 Years since the Day of Birth) Aleksey Ivanovich Terenozhkin (born on November 26th (13th) in 1907 – died on May 19th in 1981) – the prominent archeologist and historian who worked in Ukraine, Russia and Central Asia. Doctor of History Science (conferred in 1958), professor (conferred in 1967). O.I.Terenozhkin was born in Nikolaevsk city in Samara province of Russia. He began to actively carry out the studies of the archeology, regional ethnography and local lore in 1922. Aleksey graduated from the Highest Courses in archeology and ethnology in Samara in 1928, from ethnological faculty of Moscow state university – in 1931; He was a disciple of famous archeologists V.V. Golmstein and V.A. Horodtsov. Terenozhkin worked in different museum institutions during 1930-1938, then as a research fellow in the Institute of History and Archeology of Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan republic of Soviet Union in 1939-1941 and 1945-1948. During 1927-1941 he participated in many archeological expeditions as a team member as well as carried out the independent excavations and surveys in Central Asia (to the west of the Ural Mountains, in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan). He was the one of the first scientists who discovered the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization (Khwarezm area is located present-days partly in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan). Based on the works of historian Vasily Bartold, the scientist created the archeological and historical periodization of Zhetysu ("Seven Rivers" in Persian) – the state established in the VI-III centuries B.C. by Iranian Sakas (Scythians) and subordinated by the Turkic nomads in VI century A.D. (present-day – located in Kazakhstan) During the World War II Aleksey was a member of the headquarters staff of 4th Guards Army thus became the co-author of the book “From Stalingrad to Vienna” (issued in 1945). Upon the demobilization, Terenozhkin returned to archeological excavations and surveys in Chach (present-day Tashkent city and the province around the city in pre-Islamic and early Islamic times), Panjakent (ancient city in the territory of present-day Tajikistan), Sogdia (ancient Indo-European civilization of Iranian people at the territories located in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan). Despite the difficult stratigraphy, he perfectly elaborated the chronology and proved much elder age of Sogdia civilization than it had been believed before; the discovery deserved the wide publicity and strong emphasizing during the celebration of 2 500 years anniversary of Samarkand’s foundation. Aleksey moved to Ukraine in 1948 where since 1949 he has been leading the group of Scythian and Classical antiquity archeology within the department of Early Iron Age of the Institute of Archeology of Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian Soviet Republic - for more than 30 years. The scientist researched the historical and cultural development in Ukrainian Forest-Steppe regions in the period before the Scythian expansion (IX – VII сentury B.C.). He revealed and explored the significant number of archeological monuments, distinguished and separated Chornolis archeological culture (Black Forest Culture), proved its connection with the earlier cultures of Bronze Age. He reasoned the connection and strong association of the monuments of Chernogorovka and Novocherkassk cultures (ca. 900 to 650 years B.C.) in the steppe part of Eastern Europe (predominantly in Ukraine and Russia) with Cimmerians culture previously known mostly from historical written sources and some artefacts. Terenozhkin conducted numerical field explorations, among which: the archeological excavations of Subotov settlement, of Belogrudovka and other sites of ancient settlement at the bank of Tiasmyn river; he governed the excavations by archeological expeditions preceding the start of new construction projects – at the bank of Molochnaya river (Gerrhus in Antiquity) in 1951-1952, in Cherkassy region in 1956-1957, in Nikopol district of Dnepropetrovsk region in 1964-1965; researched elite Scythian burial mounds (kurgans) in Hlevakha (in 1950), Melitopol (in 1954), kurgan Strashnaya Mohyla near Ordzhonikidze city (now – Pokrov) in Dnepropetrovsk region (in 1965). In 1958 Aleksey defended a thesis to obtain a degree of Doctor of History Science with the subject “Pre-Scythian historical period in near the Dnieper Forest-Steppe region of Right-bank Ukraine”. The scientist researched and elaborated the subjects of the Scythians origin, the background and the expansion of their culture, Scythians’ ethnical geography, social relations and the formation of their state. He believed the Scythia to be the state formed by different ethnoses within Steppe and Forest-Steppe areas and united under the governance of Iranian-language Scythians which migrated from Central Asia. He also investigated and traced the continuous succession of archeological cultures in the Forest-Steppe areas of Right-bank Ukraine – from the Trzciniec culture via Chornolis one to the Scythian culture and early Slavic Zarubintsy culture, that resulted in his conclusion that the population of these areas was composed by the predecessors of the Slavs in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The historian also wrote in co-authorship with his wife Varvara Illinskaya (who fully shared his scientific views) the parts devoted to Cimmerians and Scythians historical periods for the second volume of the encyclopedia “Archeology of Ukrainian Soviet Republic” (issued in 1971 and 1986). In general, Terenozhkin is the author of more than 200 scientific publications, including several books. The professor brought up the scientific school of the explorers of Scythian history in Ukraine; the one of the most famous his disciples was Boris Mozolevskiy, Terenozhkin was decorated with Red Star order and several medals, awarded by the title of Honoured Science Worker of Ukrainian Soviet Republic and became the laureate of State prize of Ukrainian Soviet Republic in 1977.

Лесная Е.С. Хиосская керамика и её имитации из раскопок Херсонеса Таврического / Lesnaya E.S. Chian Pottery and Its Imitations from Excavations at Tauric Chersonese // ПИФК. 2021. № 4. С. 163–173

Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры, 2021

This article is devoted to the Chian pottery found during excavations at Tauric Chersonese. These vessels are considered in the context of the formation of the early ceramic collection of the site and distribution of Chian imports to Greek sites in the Northern Black Sea region. There are unslipped black-fi gure kantharos of the late variant among rare types of Chian imports. We have no opportunity to determine the main painting plot because of a poor preservation of the fragment. But similar vessels from the ceramic deposits at Olbia and Nymfaion allow us to date Chersonesian sherd to the fi rst part of the 5th cent. BC. White-slip forms are presented by fragments of a miniature cup and a close-shaped vessel (olpe?) decorated with brown-painted bands. Their date is limited to the second half of the 6th cent. BC. Finding of these vessels at Chersonese confi rms the upper chronological border of the period of its production that was determined according to the Olbian and Berezan fi nds. With that these sherds are one of the earliest in the Chersonesian ceramic collection. Also several white-slip kantharoi are known. One complete vessel was found in the burial and two fragmentary forms were found in the city. This type was widespread until the beginning of the 5th cent. BC. Apart from white-slip kantharoi, there are three monochrome black-glazed kantharoi in the Chersonesian collection. Based on the features of their shape they should be dated within the frame of the end of the 5th and the fi rst half of the 4th cent. BC. At the same time, I know about a dozen sherds of greyware vessels that seem to be imitations of the black-glazed kantharoi. They completely copied Chian shape and are covered with dark slip. These vessels were found in the ceramic deposits of the end of the 5th and the fi rst half of the 4th cent. BC. That is they were in sync with their prototypes. It is still not clear where greyware kantharoi were imported from.

Чореф М.М. К этнической истории Херсонеса Таврического (по данным эпиграфики) // Российский археологический ежегодник. 2015. № 5-6. С. 102-117.

Объектом исследования стали две надписи Херсонеса Таврического, уже давно введенные в научный оборот. Самая ранняя из них – эпитафия на стеле благородной женщины Малаки, происходившей из Гераклеи Понтийской. Вернее всего, ее семья была финикийского происхождения. Считаю, что семья Малака переселилась из Гераклеи Понтийской в Херсонес Таврический из-за переворота тирана Клеарха. Сам факт обнаружения монумента Малаки на кладбище Херсонеса говорит о том, что члены ее семьи пользовалась правами граждан Херсонеса. Вторая надпись – граффити на иврите, оставленное, как мы думаем, мальчиком. Он процарапал текст на внутренней стене классной комнаты, поверх греческой надписи, в доме, который, вернее всего, был синагогой. Следует обратить внимание на грамотность надписи на иврите. Датировка памятника несколько затруднительна – в нем нет имен и дат, но она крайне важна, так как помогает датировать и объяснить причину разрушения синагоги, а также прояснить обстоятельства ослабление влияния еврейской общины Херсонеса Таврического. Полагаю, что синагога была разрушена в результате принятия жителями Херсонеса христианства, не позже 395 г. н.э., вернее всего, при Феодосии I.

Туровский Е. Я., Филиппенко А. А. Херсонесские склепы с живописной росписью / ответственный редактор Зайков А. В. – Севастополь : ГИА МЗ «Херсонес Таврический», 2024. | Chersonesos crypts with picturesque paintings by Turovsky E. Ya., Filippenko A. A.

Серия: Научные труды Херсонесского музея. ISBN 978-5-6044733-4-4, 2024

ВВЕДЕНИЕ …. 4 Общая характеристика некрополя Херсонеса Таврического …. 4 Из истории открытия расписных склепов Херсонеса .... 5 ГЛАВА 1. Основы художественной культуры античного Херсонеса . 8 Изобразительные традиции в искусстве полиса …. 8 Древнейшие расписные погребальные сооружения Херсонеса .... 10 Склеп № 511 (1894 г.) …. 11 Склеп № 2 (2008 г.) …. 15 ГЛАВА 2. Дореволюционный период исследования расписных склепов Херсонеса …. 28 Склеп № 2114 (1853 г.) …. 28 Склеп 1894 (1912) г. на земле помещика Н. И. Тура …. 34 Склеп № 1494 (1903 г.) …. 34 Склеп № 2086 (1905 г.) …. 39 Склепы № 2270 (1907 г.) …. 40 Склеп № 2445 (1907 г.) …. 43 Склеп 1909 г. …. 44 Склеп 1912 г. …. 49 Некоторые итоги изучения расписных склепов Херсонеса в дореволюционный период …. 52 ГЛАВА 3. Современный период изучения расписных склепов Херсонеса … 53 Склепы № 1 и № 2 (1998 г.) …. 53 Работы на участке некрополя Херсонеса в районе крестообразного храма монастыря Богородицы Влахернской в 2003–2007 гг. …. 57 Склеп № 1 (2006 г.) Димитрия …. 59 Склеп № 2 (2006 г.) Аристона …. 71 Краткие выводы по результатам исследований в 2003–2007 гг. … 84 Фрески из культовой постройки комплекса позднеантичной базилики 1935 г. …. 86 ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ …. 89 Архивные материалы …. 94 Литература …. 95 Список иллюстраций …. 99 Список сокращений …. 106 Словарь терминов …. 107 Указатель имен и названий …. 110 Указатель художественных сюжетов, образов и символов, встречающихся на росписях …. 113 Указатель греческих слов и букв …. 11

Эллинистический стеклянный перстень из раскопок Херсонеса Таврического (Г.Д. Белов, 1930 г.) / Hellenistic glass ring from the excavations of Tauric Chersonesos (G. D. Belov, 1930)

2024

Данное издание представляет собой публикацию материалов VIII Международной научной конференции «Исторические, культурные, межнациональные, религиозные и политические связи Крыма со Средиземноморским регионом и странами Востока», которая проходила в г. Севастополе с 3 по 8 июня 2024 г. Тематика докладов, представленных на конференции, была посвящена проблемам политических, торговых и культурных связей Крыма с государствами Средиземноморского региона и странами Востока в древности, средневековье, новое время; проблемам межнациональных и политических отношений народов Крыма в прошлом и настоящем, а также археологии, нумизматики и эпиграфики Крыма, и многим другим вопросам. УДК 908 ББК 63.3(6Кры)