52. Mishra,M. (2011).Immature collection of Baibirang (Embelia tsejaram-cottam) fruits and its impact on raw material quality: a case of Katni district, Madhya Pradesh. Life Sciences Leaflets. 12 : 384-395 (original) (raw)
In the present study, fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. collected from Thanjavur and Trichy were analyzed from chemical standardization point of view. From the studies it is conclude that trichy sample is better as the contents of flavones, alkaloids and tannins were more in these samples. But gallic acid percentage is more in Thanjavur sample from the purity point of view. It was concluded that environmental contamination and storage play considerable role in deciding the chemical potentials.
2016
Effect of pre-germination treatments on freshly harvested seeds and on stored seeds of Embelia ribes Burm. f., were investigated in this study integrating with Vrikshayurveda methods. Germination tests were done immediately after the pre-treatments for the freshly harvested seeds after decoating and for the seeds stored in low temperature (40C) kept in earthen pot along with the seeds stored in ambient condition after three months of storage. All Seeds including control were subjected to four pre-germination treatments to enhance the germination percentage and maintain its viability. Pre-germination treatments showed significant differences in germination percentage. The highest germination percentage was observed in the seeds soaked in cow dung slurry for the fries (83.33%) and stored (43.33%) compared to control (38.33% and 16.5% respectively). Seeds of E. ribes being recalcitrant in nature poses storage problems. From this study it can be concluded that viability of E. ribes can ...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Fruit is one of the major dietary sources of various antioxidant phytocompounds for humans. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of macro and trace metals in Embelia schimperi Vatke, a wild edible plant fruit and its underlying soil samples collected from three different areas (Chencha, Dega Damot and Fiche) of Ethiopia. Levels of selected metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Known weight of oven-dried Embelia schimperi Vatke fruit samples were wet-digested using 3 mL of (6972%) HNO3 and 1 mL of (70%) HClO4 for (2:30 h) at temperature of (270 o C) and its soil with 3 mL of (69-72%) HNO3, 1 mL of (70%) HClO4 and 1 mL of (35%) HCl for 2 h at temperature of 240 o C. The validity of the optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples whose recovery was in the range of 90.5108%. The mean concentration range (mg/kg) of metals in Embelia schimperi Vatke fruit samples were K (1329017972), Mg (681855), Fe (337774), Ca (47895380), Zn (22.835.8), Cu (10.214.9), Mn (36.448.2), Pb (4.425.21) and Cd (0.250.33), respectively. In the soil samples, highest concentration was observed for Fe, followed by Ca, K, Mn and Mg, while lowest concentration was shown by Cd which was below detection limit in all the soil samples. One way analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between levels of metals (K and Mg). Bioaccumulation factors exhibited significantly higher accumulation of K and Ca from the soil to the fruits, but for other elements, it was less than 1. The results revealed that the soil properties significantly affected the metal levels in the fruits.
Characterization of Nutrients in the Leaves and Fruits of Embaúba (Cecropia Pachystachya) Trécul
2016
The fruits and leaves of the embaúba tree (Cecropia Pachystachya Trécul) harvested in the region of the state of Rio de Janeiro were analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, carbohydrates, pH, acidity and minerals. The fresh fruit and leaves had 71.8 and 62.4% moisture, 0.54 and 1.13% protein, 0.68 and 0.46% total fat, 0.50 and 0.96% ash, 0.11 and 0.19% soluble fiber, 2.60 and 2.19% insoluble fiber, 23.8 and 32.7% total carbohydrates, 0.04 and 0.06% acidity and pH values of 5.98 and 5.1, respectively. The fruit and leaves are also good sources of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). They provide >100% of the dietary reference intake (DRI) for adults. Lyophilized fruits and leaves were also extracted by hot, pressurized, dry methanol (100°C, 10 MPa). This solubilized 27% of the fruit and 15% of the leaves. The extract was partitioned between water and methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2). The amphiphilic compounds went into the CH 2 Cl 2 phase. They accounted for 2.13% and 5.15% of the lyophilized fruit and leaves, respectively. The amino acid concentrations were also measured. NMR analysis showed that the methanolic extract contained primarily fatty acid glycosides, with smaller amounts of aromatic compounds. The NMR spectra of the amphiphilic compounds showed the presence of triglycerides in the fruit, but not the leaves. This will give regulators several ways of determining whether or not food products labeled as containing embauba are genuine. In addition, it will help regulators decide if embaúba should be classified as generally regarded as safe (GRAS). It will also help regulators decide what should be on the label for food products made from embauba.
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
A study was undertaken to examine the influence of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3), calcium and boron on fruit drop, yield and quality attributes of aonla (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) cv. NA 7 during two successive years, i.e. 2014-15 and 2015-16 on 15 year old plant of aonla cv. NA 7 at CSAUA&T, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and 10 treatments, viz. GA3 (25, 50 and 100 ppm), calcium chloride (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %) and borax (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 %) including a control. Significantly reduced fruit drop (66.2 %) with increased fruit retention (29.85%) and specific gravity (1.06 g/cm3) was observed in plants treated with borax at 0.6%. Maximum fruit length (3.78 cm), width (3.89 cm), weight (30.90 g), volume (29.46 cc), pulp weight (29.16 g), total sugars (12.92 %), TSS (14.90 0Brix), fruit yield (80.50 kg/plant) with more moisture contents (94.04 %) was recorded in fruits produced from GA3 50 ppm t...
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2020
Medicinal importance of Embelia ribes Burm f. is known since ancient time. Its berries are the main ingredient in Vidanga' or 'Baibidanga'-a component of ayurvedic formulations and possess medicinal properties such as antihelmintic, anticancer, neuroprotective and antidiabetic. Studies were conducted on phytochemicals, antioxidant activities, extraction efficiency of embelin from ten genotypes. Methanolic extract of berries from Nagavelli accession exhibited the highest total phenolic content (18.18 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DW); whereas, ethanolic extract showed highest total flavonoid content (8.35 ± 0.20 mg RE/g DW). The antioxidant activities (AOA) were assessed and noted that ethanolic and methanolic extracts of berries from Nagavelli (NAG) accession revealed highest activities in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity (67.48 ± 0.17%) and FRAP (66.73 ± 0.60 mg Fe(II)/g DW), respectively. In AOA analysis, berries extracted with different solvents were positively correlated with TPC. Principal component analysis revealed TPC and TFC were the most influencing components for strong antioxidant activities in E. ribes. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to quantify embelin content and its optimize extraction using various methods. In the preliminary studies, berries from NAG accession revealed highest (1.770%) embelin content. Further, berries from NAG accession were subjected to various extraction methods and found three fold increase (5.08%) in embelin content in microwave assisted extraction (90 s). Present study suggested that NAG accession found to be a promising source of natural antioxidants and embelin that can be used in pharmaceutical industries.
Effect of Nutrients on Fruit Quality of Aonla (Emblica officinallis Gaertn.) cv. Chakaiya
The present investigation entitled “Effect of nutrients on fruit quality of Aonla (Emblica officinallis Gaertn.) cv. Chakaiya” was carried out at the Main Experiment Station, Horticulture, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad (U.P.) during the year 2012-2013. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and replicated in four times, considering one plant as a unit. The observations were recorded for quality of aonla fruits. The maximum Total soluble solids (TSS), Acidity, Ascorbic acid, Reducing sugars, Non-reducing sugars and Total sugars were recorded with foliar application of ZnSO4+ MgSO4 + CuSO4 (0.5 per cent each). More ever it can be concluded that combined application of ZnSO4+ MgSO4 + CuSO4 (0.5 per cent each) judged the best for produced better fruit quality and yield of aonla.
Tropical Agricultural Research
Bael fruit pulp possesses delicious taste with pleasing aroma and exhibit important pharmacological attributes such as hepato-protective and anti-cancerous properties. Although, bael is popular among the general public, it is considered as an underutilized fruit species in Sri Lanka. The Fruit Research and Development Institute of Sri Lanka has identified five superior bael Accessions (Beheth Beli, Paragammana, Mawanella, Rambukkana and Polonnaruwa Supun) from diverse agro-ecological zones. In the present study, morphological diversity of the ripened fruits harvested from the five selected bael Accessions was investigated in three fruiting seasons in 2015-2017. The fruit weight, length, width, inner diameter, number of seeds, shell thickness, fruit color according to Munsell Color Chart, L*, a*, b*, Chroma and Hue angle were measured and the data were statistically analyzed. The mean fruit weight was significantly high in Polonnaruwa Supun (951.86 g) followed by Rambukkana (669.14 g) and Mawanella (310.70 g) (p<0.05). The accessions Beheth Beli and Paragammana had the lowest fruit sizes 138.29 g and 158.09 g, respectively (p<0.05). Mean number of seeds were lowest in Polonnaruwa Supun (20 per fruit) and highest in the accessions Mawanella (60.33) and Rambukkana (60 per fruit) (p<0.05). The growing season has no effect either on size of fruits or number of seeds present. Three clear clusters could be identified based on fruit size, in which Polonnaruwa Supun and Rambukkana with 83.2% similarity clustered together and Beheth Beli and Paragammana with 94.4% similarity clustered together. The accession Mawanella was separated from the rest. The shell colour was not variable among the five accessions however; flesh colour of Rambukkana was the darkest with the highest significant Chroma. The accession Polonnaruwa Supun could be considered as the best fruit type with the largest fruit size, least number of miniature seeds and appealing flesh colour for consumption as a fresh fruit, while Rambukkana fruits can be considered as the best for processing due to its flesh colour.
Journal of Applied Horticulture
Investigations on the pre-harvest sprays of 1.0% calcium nitrate, 0.1% Topsin-M, 0.1% Bayleton and their combinations were conducted on aonla cv NA-6. The spray treatments were given only at 20 d and 10 d before harvest. Treatment of 1.0% calcium nitrate + 0.1% Topsin-M was the best followed by 1.0% calcium nitrate + 0.1% Bayleton and 1.0% calcium nitrate. This treatment had maximum effect on all the attributes of fruit quality namely increased levels of TSS (8.4%), total sugars (6.93%) and total phenol (13.3%) with low levels of losses in acidity (8.8%), ascorbic acid (22.32%) and reducing sugars (12.8%) along with prolonged shelf-life of fruits upto 20 days as compared to 10 days in control. Thus, this treatment doubled the shelf-life of aonla fruit in storage at ambient temperatures. + 0.1% Topsin-M and (6) 1.0% calcium nitrate + 0.1% Bayleton. These treatments were given to the fruited trees on 10 th and 20 th November 1998. The fruits were harvested at full maturity on 30 th November at the best physiological stage and size. Three kg randomly selected fruits for each treatment were packed in CFB boxes with paper cutting as packing material and stored at ambient temperature (18 ± 5 o C) from 30 th November till spoiled and all the treatments were replicated three times, keeping one box as one replicate. Three fruits per replicate were taken at random at 5 days intervals from each treatments for determination of total soluble solids (TSS), sugars, acidity, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and total phenols. Total soluble solids were determined by using hand refractometer of 0-32 per cent range and expressed as per cent TSS of the fruit juice. Acidity was determined by titration with 0.1N NaOH and results were expressed as g citric acid per 100 g of fruit pulp. Ascorbic acid content was determined by titration against 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol dye and the results were expressed as mg ascorbic acid per 100 g of fruit pulp. Sugars were estimated by Fehling's Solution as described by Lane and Eynon (1943) and the total phenol in fruit pulp was estimated by the method of Swain and Hills (1959). The results were expressed as per cent sugars and per cent phenols in fruit pulp.