52. Mishra,M. (2011).Immature collection of Baibirang (Embelia tsejaram-cottam) fruits and its impact on raw material quality: a case of Katni district, Madhya Pradesh. Life Sciences Leaflets. 12 : 384-395 (original) (raw)
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Forest Ecology and Management, 2012
Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Roem Schult A. DC. (Myrsinaceae), popularly known as Vaividang, is a vulnerable forest species because of the high demand of fruits for medicinal purposes. It is in great demand in ayurveda and the pharmaceutical industry (>100 t/yr), which has imposed tremendous pressure on some natural populations. The fruits contain embelin (a benzoquinone derivative), which has wide clinical applications. Considering the importance, growing use and decreasing populations in some areas of its natural habitat, a study on development of sustainable harvesting practices of E. tsjeriam-cottam fruits was conducted in Chhattisgarh, in central India. Experiments were laid out in Dhamtari, Marvahi and Bilaspur forest divisions of the state covering both protected and open forests in a randomized design with three replications. At each site, quadrats of 40 Â 20 m were laid out to study the effect of two fruit harvesting methods and four harvesting intensities on fruit yield, and regeneration of the species. Fruits were analyzed for their embelin content by HPLC method. This study is the first to experimentally assess the consequences of harvesting of E. tsjeriam-cottam fruits from India. It was found that up to 70% fruits could be hand plucked at the right time of maturity (December) to obtain quality produce without impacting the current population size. Since every year is not a good fruiting year, it is difficult to develop universal harvest regime for sustainable management of E. tsjeriam-cottam. The embelin content increased as fruits ripened, ranging from 1.01% to 5.63%. The adoption of sustainable harvesting practices will be helpful in sustainable management of E. tsjeriam-cottam and also provide income and livelihood opportunities to rural people on a sustainable basis.
Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine, 2010
Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) predominantly use plant material for the preparation of medicines. Amla (Emblica officinalis) is an important medicinal fruit bearing plant of central India and used widely by Ayurvedic industries for making Chyavanprash. Fresh (green) fruits were collected immaturely i.e. in September month, by the gatherers from the natural forest of Dhamtari district. Fruit drying process was found unhygienic and stakeholders adopted unethical practices like imbibing fruits in salt water, mixing of adulterants etc. The present study aims to find out prevailing harvesting methods impacting raw material quality. The visual inspection of forest and market samples were collected from Dhamtari district, Chhattisgarh (India) and malpractices adopted by various stakeholders were also discussed in this paper.
2017
Background: Vidang (Embelia ribes Burm.f.) is a very genuine plant for its anthelmintic activity. In Ayurveda, it is a first choice of drug for its krimighna action or to kill foreign pathogens. Embelia robusta auct. Non roxb., the other species of vidang is adulterated in Embelia ribes Burm.f. Objective: Preliminary pharmacognostical study includes macroscopic & microscopic characteristics which are also a tool for identification & authentication of a plant. Therefore shastrokta or original vidang & its adulterant species were selected for the comparative study. Materials & Methods: For macroscopic study, dried fruits were observed with all sense organs. For microscopic study, dried fruits were made softened with water & dilute Hydrochloride acid. Then transverse sections were cut & then observed in binocular microscope. Results: Embelia ribes Burm.f. is black in colour. A few yellow spots are present on its seed. Embelia robusta auct.Non roxb. is reddish brown in colour. Its seed ...
Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Botanical Pharmacognosy of the Fruit of Embelia ribes Burm. F
Context: Embelia ribes Burm. f. is a large, scandent, struggling, medicinal climbing shrub belongs to the family Myrsinaceae. The plant is highly esteemed in Unani system of medicine as a powerful anthelmintic and it has been described as " Krimighna " in Ayurveda Classical text, Charaka Samhita. The species is highly specialized for the richness of biologically active dihydroxy benzoquinone, Embelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-p-benzoquinone) and reported to have the potentials of the anthelmintic, antifertility, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant activity. Objectives: The present study was performed with the objectives of elaborating the macroscopic and histo-morpho diagnostic profile of the berries of Embelia ribes and to analyze the powder microscopic peculiarities to support its botanical characterization. Materials and methods: Macroscopic, microscopic evaluations and powder microscopy were carried out using the fresh and dried fruits of Embelia ribes. Results: The globular berries were dull red to nearly black in color, with small beak-like projection of having the remains of style at the apex, and five lobed persistent calyxes in the mature fruits. Pericarp consisted of three distinct histological regions, the thin epidermis of the epicarp appeared warty, middle broad mesocarp consisted of large tabular parenchymatous tissues, sparsely distributed groups of fibrovascular bundles and stony cells. Druses crystals of calcium oxalate and simple, elliptical shaped starch grains were also found. The endocarp consisted of layers of brachy sclereids with pyramid like contour. Stony endocarp enclosed with single seed. The seeds were speckled with yellowish brown spots ('chitra-tandula' in Sanskrit), and bases were depressed inward intrusions of the perisperm and ruminate endosperm.
In the present study, fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. collected from Thanjavur and Trichy were analyzed from chemical standardization point of view. From the studies it is conclude that trichy sample is better as the contents of flavones, alkaloids and tannins were more in these samples. But gallic acid percentage is more in Thanjavur sample from the purity point of view. It was concluded that environmental contamination and storage play considerable role in deciding the chemical potentials.
2016
Effect of pre-germination treatments on freshly harvested seeds and on stored seeds of Embelia ribes Burm. f., were investigated in this study integrating with Vrikshayurveda methods. Germination tests were done immediately after the pre-treatments for the freshly harvested seeds after decoating and for the seeds stored in low temperature (40C) kept in earthen pot along with the seeds stored in ambient condition after three months of storage. All Seeds including control were subjected to four pre-germination treatments to enhance the germination percentage and maintain its viability. Pre-germination treatments showed significant differences in germination percentage. The highest germination percentage was observed in the seeds soaked in cow dung slurry for the fries (83.33%) and stored (43.33%) compared to control (38.33% and 16.5% respectively). Seeds of E. ribes being recalcitrant in nature poses storage problems. From this study it can be concluded that viability of E. ribes can ...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Fruit is one of the major dietary sources of various antioxidant phytocompounds for humans. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of macro and trace metals in Embelia schimperi Vatke, a wild edible plant fruit and its underlying soil samples collected from three different areas (Chencha, Dega Damot and Fiche) of Ethiopia. Levels of selected metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Known weight of oven-dried Embelia schimperi Vatke fruit samples were wet-digested using 3 mL of (6972%) HNO3 and 1 mL of (70%) HClO4 for (2:30 h) at temperature of (270 o C) and its soil with 3 mL of (69-72%) HNO3, 1 mL of (70%) HClO4 and 1 mL of (35%) HCl for 2 h at temperature of 240 o C. The validity of the optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples whose recovery was in the range of 90.5108%. The mean concentration range (mg/kg) of metals in Embelia schimperi Vatke fruit samples were K (1329017972), Mg (681855), Fe (337774), Ca (47895380), Zn (22.835.8), Cu (10.214.9), Mn (36.448.2), Pb (4.425.21) and Cd (0.250.33), respectively. In the soil samples, highest concentration was observed for Fe, followed by Ca, K, Mn and Mg, while lowest concentration was shown by Cd which was below detection limit in all the soil samples. One way analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between levels of metals (K and Mg). Bioaccumulation factors exhibited significantly higher accumulation of K and Ca from the soil to the fruits, but for other elements, it was less than 1. The results revealed that the soil properties significantly affected the metal levels in the fruits.
Characterization of Nutrients in the Leaves and Fruits of Embaúba (Cecropia Pachystachya) Trécul
2016
The fruits and leaves of the embaúba tree (Cecropia Pachystachya Trécul) harvested in the region of the state of Rio de Janeiro were analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, carbohydrates, pH, acidity and minerals. The fresh fruit and leaves had 71.8 and 62.4% moisture, 0.54 and 1.13% protein, 0.68 and 0.46% total fat, 0.50 and 0.96% ash, 0.11 and 0.19% soluble fiber, 2.60 and 2.19% insoluble fiber, 23.8 and 32.7% total carbohydrates, 0.04 and 0.06% acidity and pH values of 5.98 and 5.1, respectively. The fruit and leaves are also good sources of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). They provide >100% of the dietary reference intake (DRI) for adults. Lyophilized fruits and leaves were also extracted by hot, pressurized, dry methanol (100°C, 10 MPa). This solubilized 27% of the fruit and 15% of the leaves. The extract was partitioned between water and methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2). The amphiphilic compounds went into the CH 2 Cl 2 phase. They accounted for 2.13% and 5.15% of the lyophilized fruit and leaves, respectively. The amino acid concentrations were also measured. NMR analysis showed that the methanolic extract contained primarily fatty acid glycosides, with smaller amounts of aromatic compounds. The NMR spectra of the amphiphilic compounds showed the presence of triglycerides in the fruit, but not the leaves. This will give regulators several ways of determining whether or not food products labeled as containing embauba are genuine. In addition, it will help regulators decide if embaúba should be classified as generally regarded as safe (GRAS). It will also help regulators decide what should be on the label for food products made from embauba.
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
A study was undertaken to examine the influence of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3), calcium and boron on fruit drop, yield and quality attributes of aonla (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) cv. NA 7 during two successive years, i.e. 2014-15 and 2015-16 on 15 year old plant of aonla cv. NA 7 at CSAUA&T, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and 10 treatments, viz. GA3 (25, 50 and 100 ppm), calcium chloride (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %) and borax (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 %) including a control. Significantly reduced fruit drop (66.2 %) with increased fruit retention (29.85%) and specific gravity (1.06 g/cm3) was observed in plants treated with borax at 0.6%. Maximum fruit length (3.78 cm), width (3.89 cm), weight (30.90 g), volume (29.46 cc), pulp weight (29.16 g), total sugars (12.92 %), TSS (14.90 0Brix), fruit yield (80.50 kg/plant) with more moisture contents (94.04 %) was recorded in fruits produced from GA3 50 ppm t...