Music in depression: Neural correlates of emotional experience in remitted depression (original) (raw)

Neural Processing of Emotional Musical and Nonmusical Stimuli in Depression

PloS one, 2016

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum are part of the emotional neural circuitry implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Music is often used for emotion regulation, and pleasurable music listening activates the dopaminergic system in the brain, including the ACC. The present study uses functional MRI (fMRI) and an emotional nonmusical and musical stimuli paradigm to examine how neural processing of emotionally provocative auditory stimuli is altered within the ACC and striatum in depression. Nineteen MDD and 20 never-depressed (ND) control participants listened to standardized positive and negative emotional musical and nonmusical stimuli during fMRI scanning and gave subjective ratings of valence and arousal following scanning. ND participants exhibited greater activation to positive versus negative stimuli in ventral ACC. When compared with ND participants, MDD participants showed a different pattern of activation in ACC. In the rostral part of the ACC, ND participan...

Biased emotional recognition in depression: Perception of emotions in music by depressed patients

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2011

Background Depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder, that impairs a person's social skills and also their quality of life. Populations affected with depression also suffer from a higher mortality rate. Depression affects person's ability to recognize emotions. We designed a novel experiment to test the hypothesis that depressed patients show a judgment bias towards negative emotions. Methods To investigate how depressed patients differ in their perception of emotions conveyed by musical examples, both healthy (n=30) and depressed (n=79) participants were presented with a set of 30 musical excerpts, representing one of five basic target emotions, and asked to rate each excerpt using five Likert scales that represented the amount of each one of those same emotions perceived in the example. Results Depressed patients showed moderate but consistent negative self-report biases both in the overall use of the scales and their particular application to certain target emotions, when compared to healthy controls. Also, the severity of the clinical state (depression, anxiety and alexithymia) had an effect on the self-report biases for both positive and negative emotion ratings, particularly depression and alexithymia. Limitations Only musical stimuli were used, and they were all clear examples of one of the basic emotions of happiness, sadness, fear, anger and tenderness. No neutral or ambiguous excerpts were included. Conclusions Depressed patients' negative emotional bias was demonstrated using musical stimuli. This suggests that the evaluation of emotional qualities in music could become a means to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects. The practical implications of the present study relate both to diagnostic uses of such perceptual evaluations, as well as a better understanding of the emotional regulation strategies of the patients.

Music Therapy and Biomarkers of Depression Treatment

Annals of SBV, 2016

How can we document change as a function of doing music in a therapeutic setting and how does it work? Biomarkers representing the effectiveness and those representing the music therapy process are related to an accumulation of and a focus on important moments in therapy time. Analysing resting state EEG may inform about group effects, while moments of interest in the improvisational process may reveal synchronization of brain processes. In music therapy it may be an important key to understand where and why change in therapy occurs. We will discuss the promises of biomarkers and neurometrics for music therapy, will draw on results of depression research, on recent work with wireless EEGs and improvisation, music performance, neurofeedback and game applications in psychiatric and neurorehabilitation.

Review on Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation and Music: Implications for Emotion Dysregulation

Frontiers in psychology, 2017

Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of emotion regulation and the neural changes that are evoked by music exposure. However, the link between music and emotion regulation is poorly understood. The objectives of this review are to (1) synthesize what is known about the neural correlates of emotion regulation and music-evoked emotions, and (2) consider the possibility of therapeutic effects of music on emotion dysregulation. Music-evoked emotions can modulate activities in both cortical and subcortical systems, and across cortical-subcortical networks. Functions within these networks are integral to generation and regulation of emotions. Since dysfunction in these networks are observed in numerous psychiatric disorders, a better understanding of neural correlates of music exposure may lead to more systematic and effective use of music therapy in emotion dysregulation.

Processing music in the first episode of major depressive disorder without treatment

2013

SUMMARY The purpose of this study is the assessment of the differences in brain activity when patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) listen to two different types of music, with healthy subjects as control, by using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Brain activity with musical stimuli in healthy subjects has been investigated extensively, but there are few neurobiological music studies in mental illness, particularly in MDD. Studies in this area provide a new perspective on interdisciplinary research to explore the neurobiological substrates of MDD. This study involved 20 male subjects: 10 patients (34 ± 7 years), and 10 control subjects (33 ± 7 years). The MDD patients were selected in the pre-consultation service of the National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muniz (INPRFM) of Mexico City, and control subjects were selected from workers of the Institute who responded to the invitation. All participants completed the Hamilton scales for anxiety and de...

A functional MRI study of happy and sad affective states induced by classical music

Human Brain Mapping, 2007

The present study investigated the functional neuroanatomy of transient mood changes in response to Western classical music. In a pilot experiment, 53 healthy volunteers (mean age: 32.0; SD ¼ 9.6) evaluated their emotional responses to 60 classical musical pieces using a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (sad) through 50 (neutral) to 100 (happy). Twenty pieces were found to accurately induce the intended emotional states with good reliability, consisting of 5 happy, 5 sad, and 10 emotionally unevocative, neutral musical pieces. In a subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal contrast was measured in response to the mood state induced by each musical stimulus in a separate group of 16 healthy participants (mean age: 29.5; SD ¼ 5.5). Mood state ratings during scanning were made by a VAS, which confirmed the emotional valence of the selected stimuli. Increased BOLD signal contrast during presentation of happy music was found in the ventral and dorsal striatum, anterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, and auditory association areas. With sad music, increased BOLD signal responses were noted in the hippocampus/amygdala and auditory association areas. Presentation of neutral music was associated with increased BOLD signal responses in the insula and auditory association areas. Our findings suggest that an emotion processing network in response to music integrates the ventral and dorsal striatum, areas involved in reward experience and movement; the anterior cingulate, which is important for targeting attention; and medial temporal areas, traditionally found in the appraisal and processing of emotions. Hum Brain Mapp 28: [1150][1151][1152][1153][1154][1155][1156][1157][1158][1159][1160][1161][1162] 2007. V V C 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). V V C 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. r Human Brain Mapping 28:1150-1162 (2007) r r fMRI Study of Affective States Induced with Music r r 1151 r