Mangrove rehabilitation in the west coast of Aceh: issues and perspectives (original) (raw)
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Local people in Tongke Tongke of Sinjai District, located on southeast coast of South Sulawesi (Indonesia), began to rehabilitate the coastal condition through mangrove plantation following example of the Pangasa villagers. They extended plantation plots step by step by planting seedlings of Rhizophora mucronata and succeeded in establishing mangrove forests Nowadays, they can provide mangrove seedlings to other districts in South Sulawesi, such as Bulukumba, Maros and Bantaeng, through mangrove rehabilitation programs supported by the Department of Forestry. The study was carried out in areas where mangrove conservation and rehabilitation were initiated and promoted collaboratively by both local people and governmental institutions in order to clarify the role of community participation in utilization, conservation and management of mangroves. Since mangrove conservation requires long-term maintenance, the expectation of local people in terms of both short-term and long-term economic benefits to be obtained from mangrove rehabilitation should be taken into consideration.
International Journal of Science and Management Studies, 2019
Mangroves support several forms of life, including terrestrial animals, marine animals and humans by providing direct benefits like a source of food and indirect benefits like a buffer against disasters and coastal protection. Community-based mangrove rehabilitation strengthening the benefits that can be availed by the community from mangrove forests for their well-being. This study mainly aimed to evaluate the Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation in Quilitisan, Calatagan Mangrove Park-Marine Protected Area, Batangas. Specifically, described the progress of mangrove rehabilitation, assessed the major issues and concerns in Mangrove Rehabilitation, identified the best practices and strategies in Mangrove Rehabilitation, and identified the key considerations in mangrove rehabilitation in terms of policy and institution, scientific and ecological preferences, participatory approaches. This study utilized qualitative criteria which answered using Key Informant Interviews (KII). Results stated that through the cooperation of government agencies, non-government organizations and the local community through people's organization (PO), PALITAKAN (Pro Mangrove Alliance Implementing Team as Arm Quilitisan Advocate of Nature), the mangroves planted to rehabilitate the area and survived after seven years with 80% survival rate. The community is currently getting natural resources for both household and commercial uses and uses the area for ecotourism activities. However, the PO faces issues and concerns with regard to management. In addition, there are some best practices in planting, monitoring, management and livelihood activities and some key considerations in rehabilitation in terms of policy and institution, scientific and ecological preferences, participatory approaches.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
The existence of local communities around mangrove ecosystems plays essential role to support the effort of conservation programs in this area. This study is aimed to investigate a set of situation faced by local communities in the southeastern Gulf of Kupang (SGK), East Nusa Tenggara Province which led to the rehabilitation of once degraded mangrove forests in SGK and the strategies to conserve the recovered mangrove forests. A case study approach was developed using purposive sampling to collect information regarding the historical situation of mangrove forests in SGK. Further, remote sensing method using multi-temporal observation data was used to investigate the changes in mangrove cover from 1994 to 2019. This study revealed that a series of situations became the fundamental of the success in retaining the existence of mangrove ecosystems in SGK. First, the negative impacts of mangrove degradation affected the communities badly in relation to their livelihoods in fisheries and marine sector as well as other environmental services. Then, this situation led to the emergent of a local champion to initiate mangrove rehabilitation efforts which firstly did not get attention from most of the communities. After some initial successes, the efforts of the local champion was then followed by other members of communities, triggering a bigger scale of mangrove rehabilitation. Having the mangrove recovered, the communities set of highly strict local indigenous rules in which every indigenous people who conducting illegal logging in the mangroves would be expelled from the village, while a large fine was given for outside people who did the similar action. Currently, more than 90% of respondents have understood the benefits of mangroves and derived advantages from it, particularly in improving their prosperity and security. The results of the success of mangrove rehabilitation and conservation in SGK was confirmed by the increasing extent of mangrove vegetation using remote sensing data. The case study of rehabilitation and conservation in SGK provided valuable learning for communities in other areas.
Impact of Mangrove Rehabilition on Community Income at Lubuk Kertang Village
2018
Extensive mangrove forest scattered on several islands in Indonesia amounted to 4,251,011 hectares. However, more than half the total area of mangrove forests that have turned out in a badly damaged condition. The mangrove forests of North Sumatra province located along the east coast with extensive of 199,478.32 hectares. Langkat has the most extensive mangrove area ie 50,650.93 ha, but since 2006 the mangrove forest has been converted into oil palm plantations. Economically natural resources is the source of income is reduced because it will be decreasing livelihoods of fishermen in six villages. The aims of research was to determine of mangrove forests condition, and how mangrove rehabilitation impacts on the income of traditional fishing communities, specially on village of Lubuk Kertang Langkat District of West Brandan. This research is descriptive and the population in this study is the whole area of mangrove forest in the Lubuk Kertang’s village as many 170 KK of fishermen. T...
Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2009
The effect of intensive human intervention, poor socio-economic conditions and little knowledge on mangrove ecology pose enormous challenges for mangrove restoration in Southeast Asia. We present a framework for tropical mangrove restoration. Our proposed restoration framework addresses the ecology, economy and social issues simultaneously by considering the causes of mangrove degradation. We provide a step by step guideline for its restoration. We argue that although, ecological issues are of prime importance, economic and social issues must be considered in the restoration plan in order for it to be successful. Since mangrove ecology is not adequately studied in this region, local ecological knowledge can be used to fill the baseline information gaps. Unwanted human disturbance can be minimized by encouraging community participation. This can be ensured and sustained by facilitating the livelihood of the coastal community. We translated the restoration paradigm into a readily available practical guideline for the executors of the plans. We provide an example of mangrove restoration project that is closely related to our proposed framework. We are optimistic that this framework has the potential for universal application with necessary adjustments.
Sustainability; Theory, Practice and Policy, 2021
This study aims to determine the success of the Socio-Ecological Recovery movement on the CBMM approach as the management and utilization of mangrove forests in Penunggul Village, Nguling District, Pasuruan Regency. This research is descriptive qualitative using survey method with purposive technique. Collecting data using observation techniques through observation and measurement of objects in the field and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 respondents who had previously been determined (purposive) (age, education and livelihood). The data analysis technique in this study used a single tabulation with the stages of collecting, coding, editing, and visualization, which were then described. The results showed that: 1) Regional characteristics (ocean waves, abrasion level, salinity, tides, flora and fauna) determine mangrove forest recovery; 2) Recovery depends on the role of the community and institutions (formal and non-formal) in responding to mangrove forest management by regional conditions. The collective idea of a society in Socio-Ecological Recovery raises a new perspective on the ideal integrative relationship between humans and nature. This research is expected to be an illustration in decision making for stakeholders regarding sustainable area management.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Mangrove forests in North Sumatera, Indonesia existed in the east coast of Sumatera Island and commonly found in Serdang Bedagai, Deli Serdang, Batubara, Tanjung Balai, Asahan, Labuhanbatu until Langkat. The effect of rehabilitated mangrove on socio-cultural of Pulau Sembilan society, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia was studied. The rehabilitation was carried on May 2015 using indirect planting of 2,100 Rhizophora apiculata seedlings. Two times of observations, May and August 2015 were made to monitor and evaluate 400 rehabilitated seedlings. Sixty of 600 households were surveyed using Slovin formula to obtain community perspective on the socio-cultural impact of mangrove rehabilitation. Results showed that the growth of R. apiculata seedlings were 73.3% during four months observations. The restoration affected 65, 58.3 and 35 % of economic, social, and cultural of Pulau Sembilan society, respectively. The perspective of community on the land-use change led to 66.7% was disagreed that mangroves to be converted, 60% respondents stated that mangrove condition was degraded even worse than previously existed. Therefore, to resolve the degraded mangrove, community perspective on rehabilitation was needed (85.5%) and actively involved (88.3%). The present results suggested that the high recommendation for a rehabilitation program for the degraded area was by integrating the stake holders (government, university, and non-governmental organization) and local communities count on the mangrove ecosystems.
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Plenty of mangrove rehabilitation programs have been implemented on the northern coast of Java, including in Karawang Regency, both by the community and private companies' participation through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Over ten years, millions of mangrove plants have been planted. However, the results and impacts on the ecology and socio-economy have not been widely evaluated. An assessment and evaluation of the mangrove rehabilitation were carried out to determine the mangrove rehabilitation program's results and effectiveness. This paper aims to determine rehabilitation's condition and its impact on ecology and socioeconomic surrounding the rehabilitation area. Mangrove rehabilitation activities at the northern coast of Karawang Regency have been provided new evidence that planting mangroves for rehabilitation purposes can not be seen as tree planting activities only. However, the impact and multiplier effects of its extraordinary benefits have not been paid much attention. Rehabilitation results have provided significant results, seen from the increase in the mangrove area, ecosystem quality, and positive impacts on ecology and significant socioeconomic impacts indirect impacts, secondary impacts or cumulative impacts. It is necessary to develop and utilize rehabilitation results through a good socioeconomic and institutional development approach to impact the community positively.
Mangrove rehabilitation: a review focusing on ecological and institutional issues
Interest in mangrove rehabilitation has increased rapidly since 2003, as has awareness of the damaging effects of natural and anthropogenic pressures that contribute to mangrove loss, which is estimated at 1-2 % per annum. The major pressures are from urbanization and other development in all areas and forestry and fisheries especially where communities depend on mangroves for their livelihood. However rehabilitation success has been uncertain, reflecting gaps in integration between human and ecological components of the rehabilitation system. In particular there are government level issues of gaps and inconsistency in policy and failure in application. Some rehabilitation efforts have had limited success for several reasons including: having insufficient information, using inappropriate methods, not involving local communities, or not following all the steps in the processes that have been identified in the literature. A multi-disciplinary and integrated approach is needed to assist future planning and this needs capacity from a variety of areas in government, research and community. The review concludes with hope for a future where governments work with communities to develop policies and strategies for rehabilitating mangrove for resilience to changing environments.
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2023
Community-Based Mangrove Management (CBMM) is implemented with different approaches and outcomes. This study examined the effectiveness of various CBMM practices to achieve sustainable management of mangrove resources. We analyzed local mangrove resource management strategies in four coastal villages (e.g. Sriwulan, Bedono, Timbulsloko, and Surodadi) on Central Java, Indonesia. Local data on institutions, socioeconomic conditions and mangrove resources utilization was collected through participatory resource mapping and interviews with 16 key actors and 500 households. The main differences in CBMM-practices that affect the outcomes in each village were the type of community participation, the level of organizational and economic assistance from external institutions, the magnitude of the rehabilitation project, the time selected for rehabilitation and the maintenance strategies applied in each village. Surodadi achieved most in terms of both efficient resource utilization and local livelihood improvement. Bedono's management strategy was most effective in extending and maintaining the rehabilitated mangrove areas but less in terms of livelihood support while the strategy applied in Timbulsloko resulted in higher resource utilization compared to Surodadi. Sriwulan failed on most criteria. This study suggests that combining the management strategies practiced in Bedono and Surodadi and adding external scientific and technological assistance, income diversification, institutional reinforcement and continuous monitoring of the functioning of local institutions can improve the CBMM performance to sustainably manage mangrove resources and improve livelihoods.