Role of autologous rabbit adipose-derived stem cells in the early phases of the repairing process of critical bone defects (original) (raw)
Related papers
Cell and Tissue Research, 2009
One of the most important issues in orthopaedic surgery is the loss of bone resulting from trauma, infections, tumours or congenital deficiency. In view of the hypothetical future application of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human adipose tissue in regenerative medicine, we have analysed and characterized adiposederived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from adipose tissue of rat, rabbit and pig. We have compared their in vitro osteogenic differentiation abilities for exploitation in the repair of critical osteochondral defects in autologous preclinical models. The number of pluripotent cells per millilitre of adipose tissue is variable and the yield of rabbit ASCs is lower than that in rat and pig. However, all ASCs populations show both a stable doubling time during culture and a marked clonogenic ability. After exposure to osteogenic stimuli, ASCs from rat, rabbit and pig exhibit a significant increase in the expression of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, extracellular calcium deposition, osteocalcin and osteonectin. However, differences have been observed depending on the animal species and/ or differentiation period. Rabbit and porcine ASCs have been differentiated on granules of clinical grade hydroxyapatite (HA) towards osteoblast-like cells. These cells grow and adhere to the scaffold, with no inhibitory effect of HA during osteo-differentiation. Such in vitro studies are necessary in order to select suitable pre-clinical models to validate the use of autologous ASCs, alone or in association with proper biomaterials, for the repair of critical bone defects.
2017
Objective: In this study, the bone regeneration ability of polyacrylamide hydrogel and nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds (PAAH/NHA) and stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs) in the healing of critical sized bone defects in rabbit radius were assessed. Animals and procedures: 12 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into 3 groups. The rabbits were anesthetized and 15 mm bone defects were created on the radius. According to the group, scaffold with or without ADSCs were implanted into the defects. These groups were as follows: A (control group, bone defect without any treatment), B (embedding of PAAH/NHA scaffolds in the bone defect) and C (embedding of PAAH/NHA scaffolds with stem cells derived from adipose tissue in the bone defect). The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery and histopathologic evaluation were carried out. Result and conclusion: microscopic examination revealed significant increase in new bone formation in group C than B. The results of this study...
Generation of Bone Tissue Using Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells
Bezmialem Science, 2021
Bone grafts and even bone substitutes do not meet all of the requirements of bony reconstructions. The aim of this study was to generate bone tissue from autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATDMSCs) and decellularised bone allografts. Methods: A 1.5 cm bone defect developed in the middle third of the rabbit's ulna. Reconstructions were carried out using miniplate and screws and interpositional autogenous bone grafts according to the designs of the groups: (1) No touch, (2) cryopreserved, (3) decellularised and (4) ATDMSCs-implanted decellularised bones. Before implantation, ATDMSCs in the last group were labelled with Q-dot and identified microscopically.
Application of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Treatment of Bone Tissue Defects
Clinical Implementation of Bone Regeneration and Maintenance [Working Title]
Despite excellent self-regeneration capacity of bone tissue, there are some large bone defects that cannot be healed spontaneously. Numerous literature data in the field of cell-based bone tissue engineering showed that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) after isolation could be subsequently applied in a one-step approach for treatment of bone defect, without previous in vitro expansion and osteoinduction. However, standard approaches usually involve in vitro expansion and osteoinduction of ADSCs as an additional preparation step before its final application. Bioreactors are also used for the preparation of ADSC-based graft prior application. The commonly used approaches are reviewed, and their outcomes, advantages, disadvantages, as well as their potential for successful application in the treatment of bone defects are discussed. Difficulty in spontaneous healing of bone defects is very often due to poor vascularization. To overcome this problem, numerous methods in bone tissue engineering (BTE) were developed. We focused on freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and ADSCs in vitro induced into endothelial cells (ECs) as cells with vasculogenic capacity for the further application in bone defect treatment. We have reviewed orthotopic and ectopic models in BTE that include the application of SVFs or ADSCs in vitro induced into ECs, with special reference to co-cultivation.
International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2016
Background: Recently, tissue engineering has developed approaches for repair and restoration of damaged skeletal system based on different scaffolds and cells. This study evaluated the ability of differentiated osteoblasts from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) seeded into hydroxyapatite/ tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) to repair bone. Methods: In this study, ADSCs of 6 canines were seeded in HA-TCP and differentiated into osteoblasts in osteogenic medium in vitro and bone markers evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for detection of cells in the pores of scaffold. HA-TCP with differentiated cells as the test group and without cells as the cell-free group were implanted in separate defected sites of canine's tibia. After 8 weeks, specimens were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical methods, and densitometry test. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18 version software. Results: The expression of Type I collagen and osteocalcin genes in differentiated cells were indicated by RT-PCR. SEM results revealed the adhesion of cells in scaffold pores. Formation of trabecular bone confirmed by histological sections that revealed the thickness of bone trabecular was more in the test group. Production of osteopontin in extracellular matrix was indicated in both groups. Densitometry method indicated that strength in the test group was similar to cell-free group and natural bone (P > 0.05). Conclusions: This research suggests that ADSCs-derived osteoblasts in HA-TCP could be used for bone tissue engineering and repairing.
Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2014
Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be engineered to express bone specific markers. The aim of this study is to evaluate repairing tibia in animal model with differentiated osteoblasts from autologous ADSCs in alginate scaffold. In this study, 6 canine's ADSCs were encapsulated in alginate and differentiated into osteoblasts. Alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP) and RT-PCR method were applied to confirm the osteogenic induction. Then, encapsulated differentiated cells (group 1) and cell-free alginate (group 2) implanted in defected part of dog's tibia for 4 and 8 weeks. Regenerated tissues and compressive strength of samples were evaluated by histological and Immunohistochemical (IHC) methods and Tensometer Universal Machine. Our results showed that ADSCs were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro, and type I collagen and osteocalcin genes expression in differentiated osteoblasts was proved by RT-PCR. In group 2, ossification and thickness of trabecula were low compared to...
Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapeutics, 2018
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) represent an attracting cell population for tissue engineering purpose. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), transforming growth factor-β and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) to a calcium hydroxyapatite (HA-TCP)-rabbit embryonic stem cell (rESC) construct promoted bone healing in a segmental bone defect in rabbits. A 5mm long radial ostectomy was performed unilaterally in thirty-six rabbits divided equally into six groups. Defects were filled with a cell-free HA-TCP bioceramic scaffold only (group B); HA-TCP scaffold seeded with rESC (group C); HA-TCP scaffold seeded with rESC along with BMP-2, TGF-β and IGF-1 in groups D, E, and F respectively. An empty defect served as the control group (group A). Radiographically, bone healing was evaluated at 10, 20, 30 and 40days post implantation. Histological qualitative analysis by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination was performed 40 days after implantation. Radiographic and histological observation depicted incipient bone formation and filling the defect was more expeditious and better in ESC group than control and bioceramic groups. However, overall faster and better rate of bone healing was observed in the growth proteins added constructs groups (D, E and F) at day 40 after surgery as compared to other groups could be attributed to the application of growth factors in these groups along with the additive effect of the transplanted embryonic stem cells.
Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) combined with a modified α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) or gelatin sponge (GS) scaffolds for bone healing in a rat model. Bone defects were surgically created in the femur of adult SHR rats and filled with the scaffolds, empty or combined with ASCs. The results were analyzed by histology and histomorphometry on days seven, 14, 30, and 60. Significantly increased bone repair was observed on days seven and 60 in animals treated with α-TCP/ASCs, and on day 14 in the group treated with GS/ASCs, when compared with the groups treated with the biomaterials alone. Intense fibroplasia was observed in the group treated with GS alone, on days 14 and 30. Our results showed that the use of ASCs combined with α-TCP or GS scaffolds resulted in increased bone repair. The higher efficacy of the α-TCP scaffold suggests osteoconductive property that results in a biological support to the cells, whereas the GS scaffold func...
Tissue Constructs with Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Bone Defects in Rats
Materials
The use of porous scaffolds created by additive manufacturing is considered a viable approach for the regeneration of critical-size bone defects. This paper investigates the xenotransplantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) tissue constructs seeded with differentiated and undifferentiated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) to treat calvarial critical-sized defect in Wistar rats. PCL scaffolds without cells were also considered. In vitro and in vivo biological evaluations were performed to assess the feasibility of these different approaches. In the case of cell seeded scaffolds, it was possible to observe the presence of hADSCs in the rat tissue contributing directly (osteoblasts) and indirectly (stimulation by paracrine factors) to tissue formation, organization and mineralization. The presence of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the rat tissue treated with cell-seeded PCL scaffolds suggests that the paracrine factors of undifferentiated hADSC cells could stim...