LOW COST TREATMENT AND REUSE OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER: A CRITICAL REVIEW. (original) (raw)

Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetland System

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022

Natural wetland such as marshes ,swamps and bogs protect water quality. constructed or artificial wetland system mimic the treatment that occurs in natural wetlands by rellyilng on plants and a combination of naturally occurring biological , chemical and physical processes to remove pollutants from water. As of 1999,there were more than 500 constructed wetland in Europe and 600 in north America. constructed wetland are a less energy intensive and more environmentally sound way of treating waste water and conserving potable water. The first single family home constructed wetland in southern Nevada was completed Eighth years ago. A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland to treat sewage, greywater, stormwater runoff or industrial wastewater. It may also be designed for land reclamation after mining, or as a mitigation step for natural areas lost to land development constructed wetlands also act as a biofilter and/or can remove a range of pollutants (such as organic matter, nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals) from the water. Constructed wetlands are designed to remove water pollutants such as suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus).

Constructed Wetland for Low- Cost Waste Water Treatment

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2023

Engineered and managed wetland systems that are receiving increasing global attention for wastewater treatment and reclamation. Compared to conventional wastewater treatment plants, constructed wetlands are inexpensive and easy to operate and maintain, and they have strong potential for application in a small community. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment have developed significantly in recent decades. As an environmentally friendly treatment method, constructed wetlands can enable effective, economic and ecological treatment of agricultural, industrial and municipal wastewater. Built-up wetlands are very effective in removing organic matter and suspended matter, while nitrogen removal is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of different types of built-up wetlands that meet irrigation reuse standards. Phosphorus removal is usually low unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Removing pathogens from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless additional lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used. This paper examines and also describes various case studies related to wetlands in Indian cities, including systems that include both built and natural wetlands, habitat creation and restoration.

IJERT-Constructed Wetlands -Natural Treatment of Wastewater

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021

https://www.ijert.org/constructed-wetlands-natural-treatment-of-wastewater https://www.ijert.org/research/constructed-wetlands-natural-treatment-of-wastewater-IJERTV10IS060098.pdf Constructed wetlands are engineered and managed wetland systems that are increasingly receiving worldwide attention for wastewater treatment and reclamation. Compared to conventional treatment plants, constructed wetlands are cost-effective and easily operated and maintained, and they have a strong potential for application in a small community. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment have substantially developed in the last decades. As an eco-friendly treatment process, constructed wetlands may enable the effective, economical, and ecological treatment of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastewater. Constructed wetlands are very effective in removing organics and suspended solids, whereas the removal of nitrogen is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands meeting the irrigation reuse standards. The removal of phosphorus is usually low, unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Pathogen removal from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless supplementary lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used. In this paper studies various case study related to Wetlands in Indian Cities and also described include systems involving both constructed and natural wetlands, habitat creation and restoration.

Wetland an economical solution for wastewater rehabilitation

Wetland system relies on renewable energy sources such as solar and kinetic energy and wetland plants and micro-organisms, which are the active agents in the treatment process. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of constructed wetland treatment system for wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, wetland treatment is often the best choice for treatment or pre-treatment of wastewater because of its low maintenance cost and simplicity of operation, high efficiency. Moreover, wetland techniques enhance the aesthetic value of the local and conserve the fauna and flora.

Advanced Technologies for Wastewater Treatment Utilizing Constructed Wetlands

2003

conditions, the water depth is 0.5 to 1.5 feet. The depth can reach up to two feet during periods of heavy precipitation. Tw enty-eight deep zones, up to five feet in depth and variable in width, are located throughout the cells. They are oriented transversely to the direction of flow to prevent channeling. The function of the deep zones is to retain suspended solids and provide a habitat for fish and birds (Bays et al., 2000). Secondary effluent from the SRWRF is distributed to cells AG, B, C, D, E, and F by a splitter box (Figure 1). Flow enters cell H from cell AG. The outflows from cells B, C, D, E, and F are collected by a channel that flows into cell I, while outflow from cell H goes directly to cell I. Currently the wetland effluent from cell I is disposed of through a deepwell injection system located at the site. We tland marshes comprise about 70 percent of the total wetland area. Vegetative species native to South Florida were used extensively in the wetland design. The e...