Developing Typologies of Informal Settlements (original) (raw)

Approaches utilised to identify physical characteristics of informal settlements are mainly based on standards and approaches applied by formal planning theories (for example see Dovey 2012, Arefi, 2011, Suditu and Valceanu 2013). Subsequently, planning and development that follow these approaches remain highly connected on those produced by the formal system, which are proven to be less effective in resolving urban issues and challenges. Traditionally, typologies have focused on aspects such as building forms, land tenure, and occupation status. As a guideline, criteria based on suggestions made by Dovey and King (2011) about urban morphology of informal settlement and Jones (2015) regarding typologies of informal settlements. Instead of using the common features utilised in assessing formal settlements such as land uses, infrastructures, open space, hierarchy of centres, blocks and zones, this paper applies Jones’s criteria on general as well as unique characteristics of informal settlements. These are expressed in housing, alleyways, setbacks, drainage and water connection, economy activities, provision of electricity, sanitation, public private interface and governance. This includes an analysis on types, materials, uses, design, placement, quality, and service coverage of each typology. In this case, four locations of informal settlements in Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia are examined. Combining these approaches in analysing physical characteristics of informal settlement, the analysis produces both general and detail explanation in how adaptive and responsive built forms, patterns and structures are developed and established in the informal settlements. Furthermore, this research provides relevant recommendations in terms of enhancing the quality of life for urban residents in developing countries.