Effects of sugarcane harvesting with burning on the chemical and microbiological properties of the soil (original) (raw)
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Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2023
Te efects on soil properties were studied following sugarcane burning during harvesting based on the analysis of soil properties and the number of microorganisms. Te soil bacterial community structure was observed using metagenomics. It was found that burned sugarcane harvesting reduced the soil moisture and total nitrogen contents and decreased the numbers of bacterial fungi and actinomycetes. Furthermore, there were decreased numbers of nitrogen-fxing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria benefcial to plants. Te Firmicutes phylum (46.79%) was found abundantly in the soil after burned sugarcane harvest. Paenibacillus (34.20%) and Bacillus (9.19%) were dominant at the genus level. On the other hand, in the soil after unburned sugarcane harvest, the diversity index was higher than that after burned sugarcane harvest. Actinobacteria (25.92%) dominated at the phylum level, and Candidatus koribacter, Gaiella, Pseudolabrys, and Sphingomonas dominated at the genus level in the unburned plots. Changing the bacterial community resulted in a change in correlation with soil properties. Terefore, the impacts from burned sugarcane harvesting should be realized, specifcally that soil physiochemical and biological properties are degraded (except for some groups of bacteria) along with their functions in the soil.
Growing sugarcane for bioenergy–effects on the soil
2010
An increasing area of sugarcane is being growing for the production of bioenergy. Sugarcane puts a high demands on the soil due to the use of heavy machinery and because large amounts of nutrients are removed with the harvest. Biocides and inorganic fertilizers introduces risks of groundwater contamination, eutrophication of surface waters, soil pollution and acidification. This paper reviews the effect of commercial sugarcane production on soil chemical, physical and biological properties using data from the main producing areas. Although variation is considerable, soil organic C decreased in most soils under sugarcane and, also, soil acidification is common as a result of the use of N fertilizers. Increased bulk densities, lower water infiltration rates and lower aggregate stability occur in mechanized systems. There is some evidence for high leaching losses of fertilizer nutrients as well as herbicides and pesticides. Eutrophication of surface waters occurs in high-input systems. Sugarcane cultivation can substantially contribute to the supply of renewable energy, but that improved crop husbandry and precision farming principles are needed to sustain and improve the resource base on which production depends.
Physicochemical properties of soil and biomass in sugarcane harvesting systems
Revista de Ciências Agrarias - Amazon Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2013
The different crop management systems used and the intense traffic of machines have caused physical and chemical changes in soils cultivated with sugarcane. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the yield of dry biomass and the changes in physicochemical properties of soils under green and burned sugarcane harvesting in Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following soil attributes were evaluated: dry biomass, aggregate stability, resistance to penetration measured by impact penetrometer, density, moisture, and chemical properties. The yield of dry biomass in the area of green sugarcane was seventeen times higher compared with the yield from the area of burned cane. The aggregates formed in the areas of green and burned sugarcane are quite stable in water and were mostly retained on 2.00 and 1.00 mm sieves. The highest level of aggregation occurred up to the depth of 0.05 m in all treatments. The soil presents a compacted layer, which was caused by the intense traffic of transshipment machines, between the depths of 0.20 and 0.30 m in the areas of green and burned cane. Values of penetration resistance and bulk density increased significantly and simultaneously up to the depth of 0.30 m. Significant lower values of pH and phosphorus in depth were found in the area where green sugarcane was harvested. RESUMO: O sistema de colheita e o tráfego intenso de máquinas têm causado alterações físicas e químicas nos solos cultivados com cana. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de biomassa seca e as alterações nos atributos físicos e químicos do solo sob colheita de cana crua e cana queimada em Uberaba-MG. Avaliaram-se os seguintes aspectos: biomassa seca; estabilidade dos agregados; resistência à penetração com penetrômetro de impacto; densidade do solo; umidade volumétrica, e atributos químicos do solo. A produção de biomassa seca na área de cana crua foi 17 vezes maior quando comparada à área de cana queimada. Os agregados formados nas áreas de cana crua e queimada são bastante estáveis em água e ficaram retidos, em sua maioria, nas peneiras de 2,00 e 1,00 mm. Os maiores índices de agregação ocorreram na profundidade de até 0,05 m de profundidade, nos tratamentos avaliados. O solo apresenta-se com uma camada compactada na profundidade entre 0,20 e 0,30 m nas áreas de colheita de cana crua e cana queimada, causada pelo intenso trafego de máquinas de transbordo. Os valores de resistência à penetração e de densidade do solo aumentaram simultânea e significativamente na profundidade até 0,30 m. Foram constatados valores significativamente menores de pH e fósforo em profundidade na área de cana crua. Physicochemical properties of soil and biomass in sugarcane harvesting systems Atributos físicos, químicos do solo e biomassa em sistemas de colheita de cana-de-açúcar
Chemical and microbiological properties in soil cultivated with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS), 2018
The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of chemical parameters and microbiological processes related to the nitrogen (N) cycling in an area cultivated with sugarcane (SC), as compared to the native forest area (NF), considered as the reference. The pH value, the total C (Ctot), N (Ntot) contents, the P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, B and Cu contents, the labile carbon (LC) content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), microbial biomass N (Nmic), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) and the urease activity (UA) were determined in soil samples taken at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. Most of the chemical properties were higher in the NF soil at both depths, except for Ctot, Ntot and the total K content, which did not present significant differences between the areas at the deeper level. All microbiological processes were higher in the NF soil and showed positive correlations with the total Cu and B contents, demonstrating the importance of these nutrients in the biological N cycling. The higher values obtained for almost all parameters in the NF soil attest to the need for constant monitoring of areas cultivated with sugarcane in order to avoid the adverse effects of soil degradation. The results obtained between the areas, in relation to N cycling processes also demonstrated the suitability of using them as reliable indicators of soil quality.
Use of sugarcane industrial by-products for improving sugarcane productivity and soil health
Purpose Sugarcane industries are age-old industrial practices in India which contribute a significant amount of by-products as waste. Handling and management of these by-products are huge task, because those require lot of space for storage. However, it provides opportunity to utilize these by-products in agricultural crop production as organic nutrient source. Therefore, it is attempted to review the potential of sugar industries by-products, their availability , and use in agricultural production. Methods A large number of research experiments and lit-eratures have been surveyed and critically analyzed for the effect of sugarcane by-products on crop productivity and soil properties. Results Application of sugar industries by-products, such as press mud and bagasse, to soil improves the soil chemical, physical, and biological properties and enhanced the crop quality and yield. A huge possibility of sugarcane industries by-products can be used in agriculture to cut down the chemical fertilizer requirement. If all the press mud is recycled through agriculture about 32,464, 28,077, 14,038, 3434, 393, 1030, and 240 tonnes (t) of N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, can be available and that helps in saving of costly chemical fertilizers. Conclusions Application of sugarcane industries by-products reduces the recommended dose of fertilizers and improves organic matter of soil during the crop production. It can also be used in combination with inorganic chemical fertilizers and can be packed and marketed along with commercial fertilizer for a particular cropping system. That helps in reduce the storage problem of sugarcane industries by-products across the India.
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2016
This study, carried-out in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, investigated changes in selected soil properties and their effect on aggregation induced by 72 years of residue burning or mulching, with and without fertilizer application on a sugarcane trial arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot treatments were a) green cane harvesting with all residues mulched, b) cane burnt prior to harvest with cane-tops left scattered evenly over the plots and c) cane burnt prior to harvest with all the residues removed from the plots. Split-plot treatments consisted of fertilized and unfertilized plots. Soil samples for physico-chemical and aggregate stability analysis were collected at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm from 24 plots. In comparison with burning, significant effects of mulching were only observed on total nitrogen, exchangeable potassium, sodium and acidity and extractable aluminium, mainly at 0-10 cm. Aggregate stability estimated by mean weight diameter (MWD), exchangeable cations (especially calcium and magnesium), aluminium, exchangeable acidity and pH were significantly affected by fertilizer application. An increase in acidity and a decrease in MWD and exchangeable calcium and magnesium on fertilized plots were attributed to mining of nutrients by sugarcane, nitrification and subsequent base cation leaching. The significant positive correlation between calcium and magnesium and MWD, and the lack of correlation between organic carbon (OC) and MWD, indicated that bases contributed more to soil aggregation than OC. Total carbon and OC showed no differences across all treatments. It was concluded that (i) annual fertilizer applications may lead to soil structure deterioration under sugarcane regardless of the harvesting method practiced and (ii) increasing additions of organic matter (through mulching) do not always correspond to an improvement of soil aggregate stability and related soil properties. 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
April 2020
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of applying tannery sludge as fertilizer in the sugarcane plant crop and its impact on soil chemical characteristics. The soil in the experimental area was classified as dystrophic red latosol type (Oxisol). The experiment was set up as a randomized-block design with four replicates, with treatments represented by five doses of tannery sludge (0, 4500, 9000, 13500 and 18000 kg ha-1) plus one treatment with inorganic fertilization (90 kg ha-1 N, 180 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 120 kg ha-1 K2O). Soil chemical characteristics and sugarcane nutrition and production traits were evaluated. Tannery sludge application increased the organic matter, Ca, S and Na contents in the soil layers of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Heavy metal contents in the soil were not influenced by the treatments. Tannery sludge showed the potential to supply important macronutrients, especially at the highest doses tested. Tannery sludge doses between 10000 and 16250 kg ha-1 provid...
Straw removal of sugarcane from soil and its impacts on yield and industrial quality ratoons
Scientia Agricola, 2018
Mechanical harvesting leaves in its wake a considerable amount of straw in the field, which can be effectively utilized to improve the soil condition and sugarcane yield. However, there is no specific information as to the quantity of straw mulch required to achieve such effects and as to whether it can be used in other sectors for bioelectricity and ethanol production. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of removing different amounts of straw from the field and its impact on the yield and industrial quality of sugarcane ratoons. The experiment was carried out on Rhodic soil where six treatments were evaluated including 0 %, 25 % (5 Mg ha-1), 50 % (10 Mg ha-1), 75 % (15 Mg ha-1), 100 % (20 Mg ha-1) straw on the soil surface and burned sugarcane (where 100 % of the straw was burned). The influence on yield and industrial quality was calculated using total soluble solids, Pol (Apparent sucrose content), apparent purity, total sugars, reducing sugars and fiber. Shifting the harvesting system from burned cane to growing under straw mulch improved crop yield as well as favoring sugar contents during water deficit conditions. The straw left on the soil did not affect industrial quality in any way during the trials; however, under drought conditions, treatments with 50 and 75 % of straw resulted in a 76 % higher yield compared to burned sugarcane, and 29 % more than the 0 %, 25 % to 100 % treatments of straw mulch thus favoring higher sugar production. The removal of 50 % of the straw caused no damage to the sugarcane crop.
Science journal of business management, 2015
Sugarcane is an important industrial crop cultivated in India with the production of almost 300 million tones. In the recent years, farmers and sugar industry are concerned about the frequent occurrences of flowering in fields' sugarcane. Because it is highly undesirable trait, which affects crop productivity and sugar content. Apart from many of plant physiological and climatic variability factors, the rhizosphere microbial diversity and their functional activities on plant nutrition also play a key role in inducing flowering in sugarcane. Few of the recent studies indicated that continuous monoratoon cropping and post harvest field burning of sugarcane trashes having negative impact on rhizosphere diversity and function. The present report is an attempt to explain the possibility of prevention of flowering in fields' sugarcane with emphasis on preserving/ managing the native soil microbial diversity for better nutrition and growth of crops.