HPLC SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN SOLANUM NIGRUM L. AND TARGET PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION (original) (raw)
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Applied Sciences
This study evaluated in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf and root extracts from Solanum nigrum L. and determined its chemical composition. The chemical profile of S. nigrum L. extract was tested using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for the antibacterial activities. Antifungal activity was measured using the poisoned food technique. In vitro activity on the cell culture model was assessed by MTT assay, viability measurement and by determination of cellular ROS by DCFDA assay. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for extracts from aerial parts ranged from 125 to 500 μg/mL for gram-positive cocci and Pectobacterium strains. The growth inhibition coefficient ranged from 17–56%, depending on the dosage. The antifungal effect of S. nigrum extracts on the tested filamentous fungi depended on the dose. An inhibitory effect of 50–56% on fungi wa...
Qeios, 2024
Solanum nigrum is a traditional Chinese bush renowned for its dynamic therapeutic activities in the Indian and Chinese systems of medicine. It is a typical, palatable herbal remedy that belongs to the family Solanaceae. This overview assembles the prospective pharmacological and medicinal significance of the last three decades' accomplishments of scholarly reports from internet sources and publications. According to several literature reviews, Solanum nigrum encompasses a variety of phytochemical compounds that could be isolated and identified using various extraction techniques. The major chemical components of this herb are alkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds with a broad spectrum of pharmacological outcomes such as anticancer, immunostimulant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antidiarrheal, cardioprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-seizure, anti-larvicidal, anti-allergic, anti-asthmatic, and neuropharmacological efficacy. Recently, scientists and researchers have been searching for potentially biologically active plants due to the increasing toxicity and adverse effects of modern synthetic drugs. As every part of Solanum nigrum contains a variety of therapeutically active phytochemicals, it could be a significant source for scientists to conduct further research and discover the proper mechanism for preventing diseases. In conclusion, Solanum nigrum emerges as a valuable Qeios, CC-BY 4.
This article reveals the qualitative analysis of different metabolites, seven heavy metals concentration and antioxidant activity of the fruit of Solanum nigrum (L). Qualitative analysis is very essential for identifying the various classes of compounds present in the medicinal plants. Solanum nigrum (L) is an important herbaceous medicinal plant belongs to Solanacae family. Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts revealed the presence of secondary compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and tainns. Also the concentration of seven heavy metals Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb), Nickle (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) were determined. On comparison the concentration of all metals were high in Solanum nigram. The iron was in high amount 46.46 mg/L, while cobalt was in less amount 0.082 mg/L in Solanum nigram. The fruit extract show a good antioxidant activity at low concentration at 20 and 40 ppm.
2016
Medicinal plants are being used as traditional medicines to cure several infectious and non-infectious diseases because of their products are safe in contrast to the synthetic medicines that are considered as unsafe to human including other animals and environment. We selected Solanum nigrum L. (Makoi) which belongs to family Solanaceae to evaluate antimicrobial activities against six pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Enterobacter aerogens. Phytochemical analysis of the plant (crude extract of leaves, fruits and stems) showed the presence saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoides, flavonoides and steroids etc. The extract of leaves, fruits and stemsprepared using five different solvents (hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water) showed antimicrobial activates against all selected pathogenic bacteria. But water extract of leaves, acetone extract of fruits and hexane extract of stems showed maximum zone of inhibition such as21.30±1.50 , 16.67±0.58 and 14.30±1.52 respectively against Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Thus, we can say that S. nigrum possess broad spectrum antimicrobial activities against several pathogenic bacteria and can be used clinically to find novel antibacterial compounds for various diseases.
The present study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum, a traditionally used medicinal plant with multiple therapeutic properties. The susceptibility of microbial strains to the two extracts was determined using agar well diffusion method. The bacterial strains employed were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli. The fungal strains used were Penicillium Chrysogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods. A dose dependent increase in the antibacterial activity was observed with both the methanol and aqueous extracts. Highest antibacterial activity was exhibited by aqueous extract with Escherichia coli (16 ± 0.23 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15 ± 0.15 mm) at the concentration of 100 mg/ml plant extract. Methanolic extract showed highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zone of inhibition (14 ± 0.11 mm) and (14 ± 0.26 mm) at the same concentration (100 mg/ml) respectively. The highest antifungal potential was exhibited by the methanolic extract against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (26 ± 0.27 mm) and Candida albicans (22 ± 0.13 mm), while the aqueous extract exhibits the highest antifungal potential against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (23 ± 0.14 mm) followed by Candida albicans (21 ± 0.10 mm) and Aspergillus fumigatus (16 ± 0.11 mm) at the concentration of 100 mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis revealed the plant is rich in various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and volatile oils. Cardenolides and phlobtannins were found absent. The study concludes that the plant possess novel compounds with significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. Isolation and characterization of these novel compounds could provide potent antimicrobial agents to combat pathogenic infections.
In this study, the alkaloid compounds of Solanum nigrum have been evaluated. The chemical compositions of the leaf methanol extract of Solanum nigrum were investigated using Gas Chromatography- Mass Specroscopy. GC-MS analysis of Solanum nigrum alkaloid leaf methanol extract revealed the existence of the Cyclopentasiloxane. decamethyl, L-Proline, ethylester, 2-Ethyl-1-butanol, methyl ether, Cyclopentasiloxane. ocamethyl, Betanedioic acid , hydroxyl,diethyl, ester, 1.1.3.3.5.5.7.7-Octamethy-l-7-(2methyl-propoxy) tetrasiloxane-1, Dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, Cyclopentasiloxane. ocamethyl, Dodecanedoic acid. Bistert-butyldimethylsilyl ester, 2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid-5-oxo, ethyl ester, 1-Dodecanamine, N.N-dimethyl, Cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl, 5-keto-2, 2-dimethylheptanoic acid, ethyl ester, Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl, 9.12.15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Octadecenal, 9-Octadecenamide, Octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(ethylbutyl), N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan ethyl ester, Ethyl iso-allocholate, Phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl)ester and 17-(1.5-Dimethylhexyl)-10. 13-dimethyl-2.3.4.7.8.9.10.11. 12.13.14.15.16.17-tetradecahydro-1H. Alkaloids extract from leaf of Solanum nigrum were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Klebsiella pneumonia by using the diffusion method in agar. The zone of inhibition were compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged from 0.8 to 2.01 mm for all treatments.
Evaluation of activities of Solanum nigrum fruit extract
Archives of Applied Science Research, 2009
The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of fruits of Solanum nigrum plant belonging to Solanaceae family. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by using Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema while analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions by using Eddy's hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing respectively. The study was carried out using doses of 100, 250 & 500 mg/kg orally. The extract showed significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activity at the dose of 500 mg/kg (P<0.01) as compare to standard drug Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). The plant extract significantly inhibited the S. aureus and B. sublitis (Gram +ve) at all the tested concentrations (100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml) as compare to standard drug Ciprofloxacin (20 µg/ml) whereas the extract failed to show inhibitory effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Gram-ve) at a concentration of 25mg/ml. The extract also showed significant inhibitory effect against C. albicans at all concentrations except at 25mg/ml as compare to standard drug Amphotericin B (100µg/ml).
In this study 20% ethanol, acetone and water extract of different part root, stem, leaf and fruit of Solanum nigrum were used to identify Antioxidant activity the highest observed in leaves of acetone extract and the highest phenolic content were analyzed from water extract of Solanum nigrum. Some biomolecules total sugar, reducing sugar and total protein were identify from different extracts of different parts of Solanum nigrum and also used against harmful pathogenic fungal species, the high influence of antifungal activity was measured 19.67mm by the water extract of fruit of Solanum nigrum to Trichophyton tonsurans (fungal specie) inhibition zones were noted when different parts of water, acetone and ethanol extract of Solanum nigrum were used respectively.
Phytochemical, physiochemical screening and antioxidant activity of the fruit of Solanum Nigrum
This article reveals the qualitative analysis of different metabolites, seven heavy metals concentration and anti oxidant activity of the fruit of Solanum nigrum (L). Qualitative analysis is very essential for identifying the various classes of compounds present in the medicinal plants. Solanum nigrum (L) is an important herbaceous medicinal plant belongs to Solanacae family. Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts revealed the presence of secondary compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and tainns. Also the concentration of seven heavy metals Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb), Nickle (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) were determined. On comparison the concentration of all metals were high in Solanum nigram. The iron was in high amount 46.46 mg/L, while cobalt was in less amount 0.082 mg/L in Solanum nigram. The fruit extract show a good antioxidant activity at low concentration at 20 and 40 ppm.
Ethno-pharmacological activity of Solanum nigrum
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2018
Natural products from plants are rich sources used for treating a number of diseases. In this modern era, the knowledge and experience of the usage of herbs are being blend with advanced technology to develop a safe and elegant herbal product. Hence herbal medicines are the staple of medical treatment in many developing countries. Ethno-medicines deal with the use of several health promoting cultural practices and the use of natural products for the prevention and treatment of diseases, as well as for the maintenance of optimal physical and emotional health. Solanum nigrum ("black nightshade") plays an important role in traditional medicines which is a widely used in oriental medicine where it is considered to be an anti-tumorigenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, and antipyretic agent. The juice of the plant used on ulcers and other skin diseases & the fruits are used as a laxative, appetite stimulant, and for treating asthma and "excessive thirst". It is also confirmed through several experiments that the plant inhibits growth of cervical carcinoma. Upon the administration of crude ethanol extract of S. nigrum for longer duration on protein content of liver and kidney at the level of 250mg/kg b. wt. for three, five and seven days respectively revealed a significant increase in protein contents of kidney and liver. Due to having many therapeutically active properties, it creates an interest for its extraction. In this article we will highlight on the ethno pharmacological relevance, extraction procedure, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, phytochemical screening of Solanum nigrum.