PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CORTINARIUS SPECIES (original) (raw)
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Myco-chemical and proximate composition of selected mushrooms in Lapai, Niger state
In recent times mushrooms assumed greater importance in the diet of both rural and urban population because they are delicacies. The bulk of mushrooms consumed are hunted from the wild, the practice which often associated with some degree of negativity and fatality since poisonous ones could be inadvertently picked and eaten. This study therefore investigated myco-chemical, proximate minerals and vitamins present in three selected and identified mushroom: Macrolepiota procera , Pleurotus roseus and Cantherelle cibarius collected from wild in Lapai, Niger State. The samples were sundried and ground into powder and sieved. Myco-chemical, proximate, minerals and vitamins analyses were done. The results revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid and saponin in all the three samples. The results on the proximate composition of the three mushrooms sampled revealed that carbohydrate content was significantly (P< 0.05)the highest food content. It was 30.50% in M. procera, 28.8%in P. roseus and 29.2% in C. cibarius. Crude protein obtained were 9.8% , 11.43% and 10.2% in M. procera, P. roseus and C. cibarius, respectively. However, the mineral composition analysis showed that the three samples were very rich in potassium and sodium but poor in cobalt. The samples were also rich in vitamin A. M. procera has the highest percentage dry matter content (18.01%) which was significantly different (P<0.05) from others. Ash content and crude fibre of the three mushrooms were significantly different (p<0.05). The fat content was generally low with M. procera having (11.50%), P. roseus (13.65%) and C. cibarius (12.10%). M. procera has the highest content of potassium (6.80mg/l) while C. cibarius was lowest (5.40mg/l). These mushrooms hold tremendous potentials in contributing to the protein, vitamin and mineral element needs of the people. Therefore, their commercial production and consumption especially those on low fat dietary food should be encouraged and their use as raw materials to the pharmaceutical industries is recommended.
ABSTRACT Studies on nutritional composition and some anti-nutritional factors of three edible mushroom species in South Eastern Nigeria such as Termitomyces sp, Russula sp and Pleutotus tuber regium was carried out. Standard analytical methods were used to obtain the proximate composition, mineral composition, vitamin C content anti-nutritional factors (phytin, hydrocyanide, and tannin). The moisture content was highest in the Russula sp (90.2%) and lowest in the Pleutorus tuber regium (60.7%). On the average the crude protein was 41.7%, 30.3% and 15.4% on dry mass basis (dmb) for Termitomyces sp, Russula sp and Pleutorus tuber regium respectively, while the values for crude fibre were 5%, 17.9% and 13.5 respectively. Carbohydrate content ranged from30.2 to 55% while fat content ranged from 3.6% to 7.8% (dmb). Mineral composition indicated appreciable amounts of iron 2093.3 ppm in T. robustus and Rusular 1830.0 ppm and 2001.6 ppm respectively. Other mineral elements such as potasium and phosphorus were also appreciable. The least in all the species examined was Calcium. Vitamin C content was very low (0.01- 0.04 %) in all the species. Phytic acid content ranged from 0.94 – 0.75mg/100g, Hydrocyanic acid from 0.04 – 1.0mg/100g, and tannin was from 0.04 to 0.13 which is quite low to give adverse effect. Key Words: Nutrient composition, Antinutrients, local edible Mushrooms, South Eastern Nigeria.
“THE EDIBLE MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS AS SUPPORTIVE NATURAL NUTRIENTS”.
ABSTRACT Present study deals with nonvolatile elemental analysis; mineral content of seven edible medicinal mushrooms available in INDIA. The objective of this study was to examine, nonvolatile components including total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potash, Ca , Mn, and Mg the major elements as well as the micronutrient Zn, Cu, Fe , the minor elements by Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, using Perkin Elmer 3100 instrument. It was found that total nitrogen varies from 2.8 to 5.4% on dry weight basis. The nitrogen content of Reishi Gyanoderma mushroom studied is highest(5.40±0.2%) and lowest in-button mushroom, Total phosphorus varies from 0.06±0.05% to 1.02±0.03 % on dry weight basis. The phosphorus content of Reishi Gyanoderma mushroom studied is highest(102±0.03 %) and lowest in Shitake (0.06±0.05%) Total potash varies from-0.10±0.02% to 1.05±0.02 % on dry weight basis. The potash content of Reishi Gyanoderma l mushroom studied is highest (1.05±0.02 % ) and lowest in Phellinus .Calcium content varies from 1.02±0.02 % to 2.80±0.05 %. The calcium content of Reishi Gyanoderma. Mushroom studied is highest(2.80±0.05 % ) and lowest in Button mushroom-- (1.02±0.02 %) on dry weight basis. The order of minor or trace element is found to be present in edible mushrooms under study was Fe>Cu>Zn>Mn and The overall order of all elements present for most of the samples was established as Mg > N> Ca>K>P> Fe>Cu>Zn>Mn. In general, most of the mushrooms studied had good amounts of minerals, including trace minerals . Key words: Mushroom, Mineral, element, nonvolatile, micro nutrient
Studies were carried out on four different species of wild mushrooms: Lentinus subnudus, Chlorophyllum molybditis, Marasmus species and Pleurotus tuberregium. The fungal species were analyzed for their nutritional compositions, biological and structural characteristics. The fungal species were rich in proteins (amino acids) and carbohydrates. The fibres contained in the different species were also good sources of roughages. Moreover, their low acidity confirms their edibility. This study strongly recommends the commercialization of mushroom production as a means of additional source of protein requirements and income to the people in the developing economy of Nigeria.