U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotope geochemistry of detrital zircons from the Zhongtiao Complex: Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen (original) (raw)

Abstract

sparkles

AI

This study focuses on U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotope geochemistry of detrital zircons from the Zhongtiao Complex in the Trans-North China Orogen. Through detailed age population analysis, findings indicate a complex assembly involving two continental blocks of the North China Craton, dating between 3600 Ma and 1780 Ma. The research provides insights into the tectonic evolution and constraints on sedimentary processes associated with this orogenic belt.

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (97)

  1. Bai, J., Wang, R.Z., Guo, J.J., 1992. The Major Geologic Events of Early Precambrian and Their Dating in Wutaishan Region. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 1-55.
  2. Bai, J., Yu, Z.X., Yan, Y.Y., Dai, F.Y., 1997. Precambrian Geology of Zhongtiaoshan. Tianjin Science and Technology Press, Tianjin, p. 143 (in Chinese with English abstract).
  3. Barbeau, D.L., Olivero, E.B., Swanson-Hysell, N.L., Zahid, K.M., Murray, K.E., Gehrels, G.E., 2009. Detrital-zircon geochronology of the eastern Magallanes foreland basin: implications for Eocene kinematics of the northern Scotia Arc and Drake Passage. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 284, 489-503.
  4. Blichert-Toft, J., Albarede, F., 1997. The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148, 243-258.
  5. Castle, J.W., 2001. Appalachian basin stratigraphic response to convergent-margin structural evolution. Basin Research 13, 397-418.
  6. Condie, K.C., Noll, P.D., Conway, C.M., 1992. Geochemical and detrital mode evi- dence for 2 sources of early Proterozoic sedimentary-rocks from the Tonto Basin Supergroup, Central Arizona. Sedimentary Geology 77, 51-76.
  7. Cui, M.L., Zhang, B.L., Zhang, L.C., 2011. U-Pb dating of baddeleyite and zircon from the Shizhaigou diorite in the southern margin of North China Craton: constrains on the timing and tectonic setting of the Paleoproterozoic Xiong'er group. Gond- wana Research 20, 184-193.
  8. DeCelles, P.G., Carrapa, B., Gehrels, G.E., 2007. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages provide new provenance and chronostratigraphic information from Eocene synorogenic deposits in northwestern Argentina. Geology 35, 323-326.
  9. Dirks, P., Zhang, J.S., Passchier, C.W., 1997. Exhumation of high-pressure granulites and the role of lower crustal advection in the North China Craton near Datong. Journal of Structural Geology 19, 1343-1358.
  10. Diwu, C.R., Sun, Y., Lin, C.L., Wang, H.L., 2010. LA-(MC)-ICPMS U-Pb zircon geochronology and Lu-Hf isotope compositions of the Taihua complex on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Chinese Science Bulletin 55, 2557-2571.
  11. Faure, M., Trap, P., Lin, W., Monie, P., Bruguier, O., 2007. Polyorogenic evolu- tion of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-North China Belt -New insights from the Luliangshan-Hengshan -Wutaishan and Fuping massifs. Episodes 30, 96-107.
  12. Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., Belousova, E.A., Jackson, S.E., van Achterbergh, E., O'Reilly, S.Y., Shee, S.R., 2000. The Hf isotope composition of cratonic man- tle: LAM-MC-ICPMS analysis of zircon megacrysts in kimberlites. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 64, 133-147.
  13. Griffin, W.L., Belousova, E.A., Shee, S.R., Pearson, N.J., O'Reilly, S.Y., 2004. Archean crustal evolution in the northern Yilgam Craton: U-Pb and Hf-isotope evidence from detrital zircons. Precambrian Research 131, 231-282.
  14. Guan, H., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., Zhou, X.H., Zhai, M.G., 2002. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Fuping Complex: implications for formation and assembly of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 113, 1-18.
  15. Guo, J.H., O'Brien, P.J., Zhai, M.G., 2002. High-pressure granulites in the Sanggan area, North China Craton: metamorphic evolution, P-T paths and geotectonic significance. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 741-756.
  16. Guo, J.H., Sun, M., Chen, F.K., Zhai, M.G., 2005. Sm-Nd and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of high-pressure granulites in the Sanggan area, North China Craton: timing of Paleoproterozoic continental collision. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 629-642.
  17. Guo, L.S., Liu, S.W., Liu, Y.L., Tian, W., Yu, S.Q., Li, Q.G., Lü, Y.J., 2008. Zircon Hf isotopic features of TTG gneissed and formation environment of Precambrian Sushui Complex in Zhongtiao mountains. Acta Petrologica Sinica 24, 139-148.
  18. He, Y.H., Zhao, G.C., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., 2008. Geochemistry, isotope systematics and petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks in the Zhongtiao Mountains: an alterna- tive interpretation for the evolution of the southern margin of the North China Craton. Lithos 102, 158-178.
  19. He, Y.H., Zhao, G.C., Sun, M., Xia, X.P., 2009. SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS zircon geochronology of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks: implications for the Paleo- Mesoproterozoic evolution of the southern margin of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 168, 213-222.
  20. He, Y.H., Zhao, G.C., Sun, M., Han, Y.G., 2010. Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in the Xiaoshan and Waifangshan areas along the southern margin of the North China Craton: constraints from bulk-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopic composition. LITHOS 114, 186-199.
  21. Hoskin, P.W.O., Schaltegger, U., 2003. The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 27-62.
  22. Hou, G.T., Li, J.H., Yang, M., Yao, W.H., Wang, C.C., Wang, Y.X., 2008a. Geochemical constraints on the tectonic environment of the Late Paleoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms in the North China Craton. Gondwana Research 13, 103-116.
  23. Hou, G.T., Santosh, M., Qian, X.L., Lister, G.S., Li, J.H., 2008b. Configuration of the Late Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia: insights from radiating mafic dyke swarms. Gondwana Research 14, 395-409.
  24. Kröner, A., Wilde, S.A., Li, J.H., Wang, K.Y., 2005a. Age and evolution of a late Archean to Paleoproterozoic upper to lower crustal section in the Wutais- han/Hengshan/Fuping terrain of northern China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 577-595.
  25. Kröner, A., Wilde, S.A., O'Brien, P.J., Li, J.H., Passchier, C.W., Walte, N.P., Liu, D.Y., 2005b. Field relationships, geochemistry, zircon ages and evolution of a late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic lower crustal section in the Hengshan Terrain of northern China. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition 79, 605-632.
  26. Kröner, A., Wilde, S.A., Zhao, G.C., O'Brien, P.J., Sun, M., Liu, D.Y., Wan, Y.S., Liu, S.W., Guo, J.H., 2006. Zircon geochronology and metamorphic evolution of mafic dykes in the Hengshan Complex of northern China: evidence for late Palaeoprotero- zoic extension and subsequent high-pressure metamorphism in the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 146, 45-67.
  27. Kusky, T.M., Li, J.H., 2003. Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 22, 383-397.
  28. Kusky, T.M., 2011. Geophysical and geological tests of tectonic models of the North China Craton. Gondwana Research, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2011.01.004.
  29. Li, Q.G., Liu, S.W., Wang, Z.Q., Zhang, F., Chen, Y.Z., Wang, T., 2008. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology of the detrital zircons from the Jiangxian Group in the Zhongtiao Mountain and its tectonic significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica 24, 1359-1368 (in Chinese with English abstract).
  30. Li, Q.G., Chen, X., Liu, S.W., Wang, Z.Q., Zhou, Y.K., Zhang, J., Wang, T., 2009. Eval- uating the Provenance of Metasedimentary rocks of the Jiangxian Group from the Zhongtiao Mountain using whole rock geochemistry and detrital zircon Hf isotope. Acta Geologica Sinica 83, 550-561.
  31. Li, J.H., Kusky, T.M., 2007. A late Archean foreland fold and thrust belt in the North China Craton: implications for early collisional tectonics. Gondwana Research 12, 47-66.
  32. Liu, C.H., Zhao, G.C., Sun, M., Zhang, J., He, Y.H., Yin, C.Q., Wu, F.Y., Yang, J.H., 2011a. U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from the Hutuo group in the Trans-North China Orogen and tectonic implications. Gondwana Research 20, 106-121.
  33. Liu, C.H., Zhao, G.C., Sun, M., Wu, F.Y., Yang, J.H., Yin, C.Q., Leung, W.H., 2011b. U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from the Yejishan Group of the Lüliang Complex: constraints on the timing of collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks, North China Craton. Sedimentary Geology 236, 129-140.
  34. Liu, D.Y., Nutman, A.P., Compston, W., Wu, J.S., Shen, Q.H., 1992. Remnants of >3800 Ma crust in the Chinese Part of the Sino-Korean craton. Geology 20, 339-342.
  35. Liu, D.Y., Wilde, S.A., Wan, Y.S., Wu, J.S., Zhou, H.Y., Dong, C.Y., Yin, X.Y., 2008. New U-Pb and Hf isotopic data confirm Anshan as the oldest preserved segment of the North China Craton. American Journal of Science 308, 200-231.
  36. Liu, D.Y., Wilde, S.A., Wan, Y.S., Wang, S.Y., Valley, J.W., Kita, N., Dong, C.Y., Xie, H.Q., Yang, C.X., Zhang, Y.X., Gao, L.Z., 2009. Combined U-Pb, hafnium and oxy- gen isotope analysis of zircons from meta-igneous rocks in the southern North China Craton reveal multiple events in the Late Mesoarchean-Early Neoarchean. Chemical Geology 261, 139-153.
  37. Liu, S.W., Pan, Y.M., Li, J.H., Li, Q.G., Zhang, J., 2002. Geological and isotopic geochem- ical constraints on the evolution of the Fuping Complex, North China Craton. Precambrian Research 117, 41-56.
  38. Liu, S.W., Pan, Y.M., Xie, Q.L., Zhang, J., Li, Q.G., 2004. Archean geodynamics in the Central Zone, North China Craton: constraints from geochemistry of two con- trasting series of granitoids in the Fuping and Wutai complexes. Precambrian Research 130, 229-249.
  39. Liu, S.W., Pan, Y.M., Xie, Q.L., Zhang, J., Li, Q.G., Ynag, B., 2005. Geochemistry of the Paleoproterozonic Nanying granitic gneisses in the Fuping Complex: implica- tions for the tectonic evolution of the Central Zone, North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 643-658.
  40. Liu, S.W., Zhao, G.C., Wilde, S.A., Shu, G.M., Sun, M., Li, Q.G., Tian, W., Zhang, J., 2006. Th-U-Pb monazite geochronology of the Luliang and Wutai Complexes: constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. Precambrian Research 148, 205-224.
  41. Liu, Y.S., Gao, S., Hu, Z.C., Gao, C.G., Zong, K.Q., Wang, D.B., 2010. Continental and oceanic crust recycling-induced melt-peridotite interactions in the Trans-North China Orogen: U-Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements in zircons from mantle xenoliths. Journal of Petrology 51, 537-571.
  42. Lu, S.N., Zhao, G.C., Wang, H.C., Hao, G.J., 2008. Precambrian metamorphic base- ment and sedimentary cover of the North China Craton: a review. Precambrian Research 160, 77-93.
  43. Ludwig, K.R., 2003. User's Manual for Isoplot 3.00: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel, Special Publication 4a. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berke- ley, California.
  44. Najman, Y., Carter, A., Oliver, G., Garzanti, E., 2005. Provenance of Eocene fore- land basin sediments, Nepel: constraints to the timing and diachroneity of early Himalayan orogenesis. Geology 33, 309-312.
  45. O'Brien, P.J., Walte, N., Li, J.H., 2005. The petrology of two distinct granulite types in the Hengshan Mts, China, and tectonic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 615-627.
  46. Peng, P., Zhai, M.G., Ernst, R.E., Guo, J.H., Liu, F., Hu, B., 2008. A 1.78 Ga large igneous province in the North China craton: the Xiong'er Volcanic Province and the North China dyke swarm. Lithos 101, 260-280.
  47. Peng, P., Guo, J.H., Windley, B.F., Li, X.H., 2011. Halaqin volcano-sedimentary succes- sion in the central-northern margin of the North China Craton: products of Late Paleoproterozoic ridge subduction. Precambrian Research 187, 165-180.
  48. Polat, A., Kusky, T., Li, J.H., Fryer, B., Kerrich, R., Patrick, K., 2005. Geochemistry of Neoarchean (ca. 2.55-2.50 Ga) volcanic and ophiolitic rocks in the Wutais- han greenstone belt, central orogenic belt, North China Craton: implications for geodynamic setting and continental growth. Geological Society of America Bul- letin 117, 1387-1399.
  49. Polat, A., Herzberg, C., Münker, C., Rodgers, R., Kusky, T., Li, J.H., Fryer, B., Dalaney, J., 2006. Geochemical and petrological evidence for a suprasubduction zone origin of Neoarchean (ca. 2.5 Ga) peridotites, central orogenic belt, North China Craton. Geological Society of America Bulletin 118, 771-784.
  50. SBGMR, 1989. Regional Geology of Shanxi Province. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
  51. Scherer, E., Münker, C., Mezger, K., 2001. Calibration of the lutetium-hafnium clock. Science 293, 683-687.
  52. Sun, D.Z., Hu, W.X., Tang, M., Zhao, F.Q., Condie, K.C., 1990. Origin of Late Archean and Early Proterozoic rocks and associated mineral deposits from the Zhongtiao Mountains, east-central China. Precambrian Research 47, 287-306.
  53. Sun, D.Z., Hu, W.X., 1993. The Geochronological Framework and Crustal Structures of Precambrian Basement in the Zhongtiaoshan Area. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, PP, pp. 108-117 (in Chinese).
  54. Sun, M., Armstrong, R.L., Lambert, R.St.J., 1992. Petrochemistry and Sr, Pb and Nd isotopic geochemistry of Early Precambrian rocks, Wutaishan and Taihangshan areas, China. Precambrian Research 56, 1-31.
  55. Tian, W., Liu, S.W., Liu, C.H., Yu, S.Q., Li, Q.G., Wang, Y.R., 2006a. Zircon SHRIMP geochronology and geochemistry of TTG rocks in Sushui Complex from Zhong- tiao Mountains with its geological implications. Progress in Natural Science 16, 492-500.
  56. Tian, W., Liu, S.W., Zhang, H.F., 2006b. Paleoproterozoic Potassic Granitoids in the Sushui Complex from the Zhongtiao Mountains, Northern China: Geochronology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis. Acta Geologica Sinica 80, 875-885.
  57. Trap, P., Faure, M., Lin, W., Monie, P., 2007. Late Paleoproterozoic (1900-1800 Ma) nappe stacking and polyphase deformation in the Hengshan-Wutaishan area: Implications for the understanding of the Trans-North-China belt, North China Craton. Precambrian Research 156, 85-106.
  58. Trap, P., Faure, M., Lin, W., Bruguier, O., Monie, P., 2008. Contrasted tectonic styles for the Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton. Evidence for a similar to 2.1 Ga thermal and tectonic event in the Fuping Massif. Journal of Structural Geology 30, 1109-1125.
  59. Trap, P., Faure, M., Lin, W., Monie, P., Meffre, S., Melleton, J., 2009a. The Zanhuang Massif, the second and eastern suture zone of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-North China Orogen. Precambrian Research 172, 80-98.
  60. Trap, P., Faure, M., Lin, W., Meffre, S., 2009b. The Lüliang Massif: a key area for the understanding of the Palaeoproterozoic Trans-North China Belt, North China Craton. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 323, 99-125.
  61. Trap, P., Faure, M., Lin, W., Augier, R., Fouassier, A., 2011. Syn-collisional channel flow and exhumation of paleoproterozoic High Pressure rocks in the Trans- North China Orogen: the critical role of partial-melting and orogenic bending. Gondwana Research, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2011.02.013.
  62. Wan, Y.S., Song, B., Liu, D.Y., Wilde, S.A., Wu, S.J., Shi, Y.R., Yin, X.Y., Zhou, H.Y., 2006. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of Palaeoproterozoic metasedimen- tary rocks in the North China Craton: evidence for a major Late Palaeoproterozoic tectonothermal event. Precambrian Research 149, 249-271.
  63. Wan, Y.S., Liu, D.Y., Dong, C.Y., Xu, Z.Y., Wang, Z.J., Wilde, S., Yang, Y.H., Liu, Z.H., Zhou, H.Y., 2009. The Precambrian Khondalite Belt in the Daqingshan area, North China Craton: evidence for multiple metamorphic events in the Paleoproterozoic era. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 323, 73-97.
  64. Wang, J., Wu, Y.B., Gao, S., Peng, M., Liu, X.C., Zhao, L.S., Zhou, L., Hu, Z.C., Gong, H.Z., Liu, Y.S., 2010a. Zircon U-Pb and trace element data from rocks of the Huai'an Complex: new insights into the late Paleoproterozoic collision between the East- ern and Western Blocks of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 178, 59-71.
  65. Wang, K.Y., Li, J.L., Hao, J., Li, J.H., Zhou, S.P., 1996. The Wutaishan mountain belt within the Shanxi Province, Northern China: a record of late Archean collision tectonics. Precambrian Research 78, 95-103.
  66. Wang, X.L., Jiang, S.Y., Dai, B.Z., 2010b. Melting of enriched Archean subconti- nental lithospheric mantle: Evidence from the ca. 1760 Ma volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group, southern margin of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 182, 204-216.
  67. Wang, Y.J., Fan, W.M., Zhang, Y.H., Guo, F., 2003. Structural evolution and Ar 40 /Ar 39 dating of the Zanhuang metamorphic domain in the North China Craton: constraints on Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal overprinting. Precambrian Research 122, 159-182.
  68. Wang, Y.J., Fan, W.M., Zhang, Y.H., Guo, F., Zhang, H.F., Peng, T.P., 2004a. Geochemi- cal Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronological and Sr-Nd isotopic constraints on the origin of Paleoproterozoic mafic dikes from the southern Taihang Mountains and implica- tions for the ca. 1800 Ma event of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 135, 55-77.
  69. Wang, Z.H., Wilde, S.A., Wang, K., Yu, L., 2004b. A MORB-arc basalt-adakite associa- tion in the 2.5 Ga Wutai greenstone belt: late Archean magmatism and crustal growth in the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 131, 323-343.
  70. Wilde, S.A., Zhao, G.C., Sun, M., 2002. Development of the North China Craton during the late Archaean and its final amalgamation at 1.8 Ga: some speculations on its position within a global Palaeoproterozoic supercontinent. Gondwana Research 5, 85-94.
  71. Wilde, S.A., Zhao, G.C., 2005. Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 519-522.
  72. Woodhead, J., Hergt, J., Shelley, M., Eggins, S., Kemp, R., 2004. Zircon Hf-isotope analysis with an excimer laser, depth profiling, ablation of complex geometries, and concomitant age estimation. Chemical Geology 209, 121-135.
  73. Wu, F.Y., Zhao, G.C., Wilde, S.A., Sun, D.Y., 2005a. Nd isotopic constraints on crustal formation in the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 523-545.
  74. Wu, F.Y., Yang, J.H., Liu, X.M., Li, T.S., Xie, L.W., Yang, Y.H., 2005b. Hf isotopes of the 3.8 Ga zircons in eastern Hebei Province, China: implications for early crustal evolution of the North China Craton. Chinese Science Bulletin 50, 2473-2480.
  75. Wu, F.Y., Zhang, Y.B., Yang, J.H., Xie, L.W., Yang, Y.H., 2008. Zircon U-Pb and Hf iso- topic constraints on the Early Archean crustal evolution in Anshan of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 167, 339-362.
  76. Xia, X.P., Sun, M., Geng, H.Y., Sun, Y.L., Wang, Y.J., Zhao, G.C., 2011. Quasi- simultaneous determination of U-Pb and Hf isotope compositions of zircon by excimer laser-ablation multiple-collector ICPMS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, doi:10.1039/c1ja10116a.
  77. Xia, X.P., Sun, M., Zhao, G.C., Luo, Y., 2006a. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology of detrital zircons from the Jining Complex, North China Craton and its tectonic significance. Precambrian Research 144, 199-212.
  78. Xia, X.P., Sun, M., Zhao, G.C., Wu, F.Y., Xu, P., Zhang, J.H., Luo, Y., 2006b. U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from the Wulashan khondalites: constraints on the evolution of the Ordos Terrane, western block of the North China Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241, 581-593.
  79. Xia, X.P., Sun, M., Zhao, G.C., Wu, F.Y., Xie, L.W., 2009. U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from the Luliang khondalite, North China Craton, and their tectonic implications. Geological Magazine 146, 701-716.
  80. Xu, C.L., Xu, Y.H., Zhang, X., 1994. The sequence and age of the Zhongtiaoshan meta- morphic rock series. Regional Geology of China 3, 268-273 (in Chinese with English abstract).
  81. Yin, C.Q., Zhao, G.C., Guo, J.H., Sun, M., Xia, X.P., Zhou, X.W., Liu, C.H., 2011. U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of zircons of the Helanshan Complex: constraints on the evolution of the Khondalite Belt in the Western Block of the North China Craton. Lithos 122, 25-38.
  82. Yu, S.Q., Liu, S.W., Tian, W., Li, Q.G., Feng, Y.G., 2006. SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Geochemistry of the Hneglingguan and Beiyu Granitoids in the Zhongtiao Mountains, Shanxi Province. Acta Geologica Sinica 80, 912-924.
  83. Zhai, M.G., Guo, J.H., Yang, Y.H., 1992. Discovery and preliminary study of the Archean high-pressure granulites in the North China. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences 12B, 1325-1330.
  84. Zhai, M.G., Guo, J.H., Li, H.H., Yang, Y.H., Li, Y.G., 1995. Discovery of retrograded eclogites in the Archaean North China Craton. Chinese Science Bulletin 40, 1590-1594.
  85. Zhai, M.G., Bian, A.G., Zhao, T.P., 2000. The amalgamation of the supercontinent of North China Craton at the end of Neo-Archaean and its breakup during late Palaeoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic. Science in China (Series D) 43, 219-232.
  86. Zhang, J., Zhao, G.C., Li, S.Z., Sun, M., Liu, S.W., Xia, X.P., He, Y.H., 2006. U-Pb zircon dating of the granitic conglomerates of the Hutuo Group: Affinities to the Wutai granitoids and significance to the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition 80, 886-898.
  87. Zhang, J., Zhao, G.C., Li, S.Z., Sun, M., Liu, S.W., Wilde, S.A., Kröner, A., Yin, C.Q., 2007. Deformation history of the Hengshan Complex: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. Journal of Structural Geology 29, 933-949.
  88. Zhang, J., Zhao, G.C., Li, S.Z., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., Liu, S.W., Yin, C.Q., 2009. Polyphase deformation of the Fuping Complex, Trans-North China Orogen: structures, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages and tectonic implications. Journal of Structural Geol- ogy 31, 177-193.
  89. Zhao, G.C., Wilde, S.A., Cawood, P.A., Sun, M., 2001. Archean blocks and their bound- aries in the North China Craton: lithological, geochemical, structural and P-T path constraints and tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research 107, 45-73.
  90. Zhao, G.C., Wilde, S.A., Cawood, P.A., Sun, M., 2002a. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages of the Fuping Complex: implications for late Archean to Paleoproterozoic accre- tion and assembly of the North China Craton. American Journal of Science 302, 191-226.
  91. Zhao, G.C., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., Li, S.Z., 2005. Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolu- tion of the North China Craton: key issues revisited. Precambrian Research 136, 177-202.
  92. Zhao, G.C., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., Li, S.Z., Zhang, J., 2006. Some key issues in recon- structions of Proterozoic supercontinents. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28, 3-19.
  93. Zhao, G.C., Wilde, S.A., Sun, M., Guo, J.H., Kröner, A., Li, S.Z., Li, X.P., Zhang, J., 2008a. Shrimp U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Huai'an Complex: Constraints on late Archean to paleoproterozoic magmatic and metamorphic events in the Trans- North China Orogen. American Journal of Science 308, 270-303.
  94. Zhao, G.C., Wilde, S.A., Sun, M., Li, S.Z., Li, X.P., Zhang, J., 2008b. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages of granitoid rocks in the Luliang Complex: Implications for the accretion and evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. Precambrian Research 160, 213-226.
  95. Zhao, G.C., He, Y.H., Sun, M., 2009. The Xiong'er volcanic belt at the southern mar- gin of the North China Craton: petrographic and geochemical evidence for its outboard position in the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia Supercontinent. Gondwana Research 16, 170-181.
  96. Zheng, J.P., Griffin, W.L., O'Reilly, S.Y., Lu, F.X., Wang, C.Y., Zhang, M., 2004. 3.6 Ga lower crust in central China: new evidence on the assembly of the North China Craton. Geology 32, 229-232.
  97. Zhao, T.P., Zhou, M.F., Zhai, M.G., Xia, B., 2002b. Paleoproterozoic rift-related volcan- ism of the Xiong'er Group: North China Craton: implications for the breakup of Columbia. International Geology Review 44, 336-351.