Comparison of periodontal destruction patterns among patients with and without the habit of smokeless tobacco use - a retrospective study (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of clinical periodontal conditions in smokers and non-smokers
Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2007
iven that tobacco smoking habit is a risk factor for periodontal diseases, the aim of this study was to compare clinical periodontal aspects between smokers and non-smokers. The clinical status were assessed in 55 patients, 29 smokers and 26 non-smokers, aged 30 to 50 years, with mean age of 40. The clinical parameters used were: probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) for arches (upper and lower) and teeth (anterior and posterior). Tooth loss was also evaluated in both groups. Multiple regression analysis showed: tendency of greater probing depth and clinical attachment level means for smokers; greater amount of plaque in smokers in all regions; greater gingival index means for non-smokers with clinical significance (p<0.05) in all regions. Although, without statistical significance, the analysis showed greater gingival bleeding index means almost always for nonsmokers; similar gingival recession means in both groups and tendency of upper tooth loss in smokers and lower tooth loss in non-smokers. The findings of this study showed that clinical periodontal parameters may be different in smokers when compared to non-smokers and that masking of some periodontal signs can be a result of nicotine's vasoconstrictor effect.
Study of the patterns of periodontal destruction in smokers with chronic periodontitis
Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2008
Anil, S. (2008). "Study of the patterns of periodontal destruction in smokers with chronic periodontitis." Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research 19(2): 124-128. Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for periodontitis and carries an increased risk for loss of periodontal attachment as well as for bone loss. AIMS: The purpose of the study was to investigate the pattern of the intraoral distribution of periodontal destruction among cigarette smokers with periodontitis by assessing the periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty smokers with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. PPD, CAL, plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. The data was pooled for the anterior sextant and the posterior sextant as well as for the facial and lingual surfaces. The degree of periodontal destruction was compared in these sextants. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comparisons were made between maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, and mandibular posterior using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. When the overall ANOVA showed statistical significance, post hoc testing (Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test) was performed to explore the differences between any two groups. P -values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The maxillary anterior sextant showed significantly higher PPD and CAL loss than the other sextants. Similarly, the maxillary palatal area showed higher probing depth and clinical attachment loss than the facial sites and the mandibular regions. CONCLUSIONS: From the results it can be concluded that there is variation in the periodontal tissue destruction in different areas of the oral cavity, with the maximum periodontal destruction in the maxillary palatal region. These observations emphasize the deleterious effects of smoking on the periodontal tissues.
Impact of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Periodontal Health: A Review
Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, 2017
Tobacco use persists as a chronic global public health concern. The deadly habit affects almost all organs of the body including the oral and periodontal structures. Smoking is established as one of the major preventable etiological risk factors for the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The habit dependence typically requires a continuous assessment and repeated intervention. Emerging evidence has suggested the benefit of smoking cessation on periodontal health that trends for greater probing depth reductions and a favorable response to treatment outcomes. The dental settings are now increasingly being recognized as a place to target patients to quit or even prevent the initiation of smoking habit. The dental practitioner and the periodontal specialist may, therefore play a pivotal role by the inclusion of smoking cessation programs in their daily practice and reduce the major risk involving oral tissues and the systemic health. This review addresses the impact of smoking...
Effects of Tobacco Chewing and Smoking and Its Relationship with Periodontal Health
Research Article, 2017
Tobacco smoking and chewing is a significant contributing factor of periodontal health. Tobacco consumption increases the probability of periodontal disease by affecting the periodontal attachment, pocket formation as well as bone loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tobacco consumption and its relationship with periodontal health. This is a cross-sectional study of 169 participants chosen from an urban population with an age distribution from 15 to 65 years. Among the study population, 130 were males and 39 were females with the data collected and analyzed by SPSS version 16. The study revealed a significant relationship between the use of tobacco and gingival index, the plaque index, and the community periodontal index of treatment needs. According to the results, there was a high correlation between intake of tobacco and the gingival score.
The Detrimental Impact of Smoking on Periodontal Health: A Comparative Study
Journal of Rehman College of Dentistry, 2021
Objectives: To evaluate the detrimental impact of smoking on oral health.Methodology: A Cross sectional comparative study was carried out on 100 patients, 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers, visitingSharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from June 2019 to July 2020. Intra-oral examination was done using the CommunityPeriodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Recorded data was coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS statistical Packageversion 23.ResultsThe periodontal health was significantly associated with status of smoking (p=0.001). The most prevalent periodontal problemsof smokers were periodontal pockets of 4 to 5 mm (19%) while the least (4%) had bleeding on probing. Majority of the nonsmokers(32%) had bleeding on probing. The number of cigarettes smoked in a day and periodontal health status weresignificantly associated (p=0.004). Light smokers (1 to 10 cigarettes/day) had periodontal pockets of 4 to 5mm as their biggestperiodontal problems (38%) while the least (8%) had blee...
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, 2019
Background: The possible connection between apical periodontitis (AP), periodontal disease (PD) and the bad habit of smoking is among the most interesting aspects faced by the dental scientific community. The aim of this study was to pinpoint the effect of smoking on the status of the apical region, in properly root-filled teeth with and without periodontal involvement of Iraqi males. Materials and methods: Total number of 75 patients were chosen, divided into 3 groups of 25’s, teeth were subdivided into 6 subgroups (G-a: Light smokers without Periodontal involvement, G-b: Heavy smokers without Periodontal involvement, G-c: Non-smokers without Periodontal involvement, G-d: Light smokers with Periodontal involvement, G-e: Heavy smokers with Periodontal involvement, G-f: Non-smokers with Periodontal involvement), examination involved: clinical periodontal parameters, coronal restoration fitness. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were used to judge the quality of periodontal tissue in the apical region (AP) of root canal treated teeth. Results: Among all the examined teeth (1859), only (89) were found with fitted both coronal and endodontic restorations. Rates of AP were: (G-a: 11.1%, G-b: 25%, G-c: 0%, G-d: 18.8%, G-e: 35.7%, G-f: 4.8%). Statistically, in related to the AP, there was a highly significant difference between heavy smokers’ groups (G-b, G-e). Moreover, heavy smokers with PD (G-e) showed a significant difference with light smokers without PD (G-a) and non-smokers without PD (G-c), also, there was a significant difference between heavy smokers without PD (G-b) and non-smokers with PD (G-f). While, there was a non-significant difference relationship between non–smokers’ groups (G-c, G-f), and light smokers’ groups (G-a, G-d). Conclusion: There is a noticeable negative effect of smoking on the severity and prognosis of AP and this negative effect worsens when it is accompanied by lateral periodontitis.
Patterns of Periodontal Destruction among Smokeless Tobacco Users in a Central Indian Population
Healthcare
Background: Findings of studies testing the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and periodontal health have shown varying results in different populations. Considering the high prevalence of SLT use in India, the present study was conducted to understand the pattern of periodontal destruction within different areas of the dentition among SLT users. Methods: Age, gender, oral hygiene habits, the frequency and duration of SLT consumption, the type of SLT product used, and the site of retention of the SLT product in the oral cavity were recorded among 90 SLT users. Probing depth (PD), recession (REC), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at SLT-associated and non SLT-associated teeth of the mandibular arch were compared based on the site of retention of the SLT product, the type of product used, and the duration of the habit. Results: REC and CAL were significantly higher at the SLT-associated zones compared to non SLT-associated zones and at both interproximal and mid-buccal...