VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AS A COMPLICATION OF SEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN WOMEN REFERRED TO GYNECOLOGY CLINIC IN SOUTHEAST OF IRAN (original) (raw)
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Isolation of Different Species of Candida in Patients With Vulvovaginal Candidiasis From Sari, Iran
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2015
Background: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a frequent, complex and cumbersome condition that can cause physical and psychological distress for the involved individual. Candida albicans was reported as the most common agent of VVC yet it seems that we are recently encountering changes in the pattern of Candida species in VVC. Objectives: In this study we assessed different species of Candida isolated from patients with VVC, residing in Sari, Iran. Patients and Methods: Two hundred and thirty-four patients with vulvovaginitis were enrolled in this study. Samples were collected by a wet swab. Each vaginal swab was examined microscopically and processed for fungal culture. The identification of Candida species was done by morphological and physiological methods such as culture on CHROMagar Candida media and sugar assimilation test with the HiCandida identification kit (HiMedia, Mumbai, India). Results: Out of 234 patients with vulvovaginitis, 66 (28.2%) patients showed VVC. Of these patients, 16 (24.2%) had recurrent VVC (RVVC). The age group of 20 -29 year-olds had the highest frequency of VVC (48.5%). Erythema concomitant with itching (40.9%) was the most prevalent sign in VVC patients. Fifty-seven (86.4%) of the collected samples had positive results from both microscopic examination and culture. In total, 73 colonies of Candida spp. were isolated from 66 patients with VVC. The most common identified species of Candida were C. albicans (42.5%), C. glabrata (21.9%) and C. dubliniensis (16.4%). In patients with RVVC and patients without recurrence, C. albicans and non-albicans species of Candida were frequent species, respectively. Conclusions: The results of our study showed that non-albicans species of Candida are more frequent than C. albicans in patients with VVC. This result is in line with some recent studies indicating that non-albicans species of Candida must be considered in gynecology clinics due to the reported azole resistance in these species.
DETERMINATION OF VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Journal, 2022
Objectives: Infections of vulva and vagina are commonly encountered in gynecology practice. These infections are predominant in the women of reproductive age group so, this study was done to determine the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis and identify, differentiate Candida species isolated from the patients. Three high vaginal swabs per patients were collected using sterile cotton-tipped swabs from Gynecology Department and processed in Department of Microbiology, MLBMC, India. Candida was identified using standard guidelines. The study was done on 350 women in reproductive age group (18-49 years), 63.4% were non-pregnant and 36.5% pregnant. One hundred and sixteen/350 (33.1%) samples showed pure growth of Candida species. Candida positivity among pregnant women (42.9%) was higher than in non-pregnant women (27.1%). Isolation of non-albican Candida was higher (26.7%) than Candida albicans, this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) The most common isolated species by conventional methods was C. albicans (36.3%) followed by Candida glabrata (24.1%), Candida tropicalis (22.5%), Candida krusei (10.3), and Candida parapsilosis (7.7%). In case of C. albicans, Fluconazole and Amphotericin B were found to be most sensitive drugs followed by Nystatin, voriconazole and ketoconazole and among non-albicans candida, Nystatin was the highly sensitive drug. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VCC) is the most common infection in the women reproductive age group. Several predisposing factors such as HIV, diabetes mellitus, oral contraceptive, IUCD usage, antibiotics, and immunosuppressive drug increase the VCC, C. albicans was the most prevalent species followed by C. glabrata and C. tropicalis.
2010
Objective: To evaluate etiological agents of vaginal candidiasis in Ahvaz, Iran. In addition, susceptibility isolates were also considered against topical anti fungal agents. Methodology: Cotton swabs were used for sampling from vaginal lesions and inoculated on CHROMagar Candida. Cultured media were incubated at 37°C for 2-4 days aerobically. Colonies producing a green coloration were presumptively identified as Candida. albicans. C. glabrata produced pink colonies on CHROMagar Candida. One hundred vaginal isolates of Candida were sub-cultured on SDA and incubated at 37°C. A suspension of isolates containing 1×10 6 -5×10 6 cfu/ml was used for susceptibility tests. Clotrimazole, miconazole and nystatin disks were used for determine of susceptibility. Results: Prevalence of Candida among the 300 women enrolled was found to be 49%. Recurrent and acute vaginal candidiasis were 48.3% and 51.7% respectively. C. albicans was the most common species among the isolates followed by C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis and Candida species. Antifungal susceptibility testing in our study revealed that none of the Candida isolates tested were resistant to tested antifungal. However, isolates were susceptible to clotrimazole followed by miconazole and nystatin. Conclusion: Candida vaginitis is more prevalent among women in Ahvaz and the most common agent is C. albicans. In addition our isolates were sensitive to clotrimazole followed by miconazole and nystatin.
+Vulvovaginal+candidiasis+clinical+signs,+and+distribution+of+Candida+species
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a global issue of concern due to its association with economic costs, sexually transmitted infections, and ascending genital tract infection. The aim of this study was to determine clinical signs and species distribution of Candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December to June 2021-2024 among 400 women attending Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinics in Sana'a City. The study involved collecting vaginal swabs from each participant and analyzing them in a microbiology laboratory. The swabs were used to identify yeast cells, fungal culturing, and germ tube formation tests. The study also used the VITEK II system to confirm species identification, with the VITEK® 2 YST ID identification card being used to identify Candida species. Results: A study of 400 women found that 91.8% were infected with Candida albicans, while 8.2% were infected with other non-Candida albicans. The majority were aged 26-35, with secondary education being the most common. Most were married, with 1-3 pregnancies. The most common sign distribution was vaginal discharge with a 99.5% prevalence. Dysuria was the lowest, with a 65.0% prevalence. Candida species were most frequently isolated, with Candida albicans being the most common. Candida tropicalis was found in 1 out of 6 women, while Candida dubliniensis, Candida famata, Candida glabrata, and Candida lusitaniae were found in 1 out of 6 women. Conclusions: The high prevalence rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis and observation of a low prevalence rate of nonalbicans Candida species in the present study substantiate the importance of conducting continuous epidemiological surveys to measure changes in species distribution from C. albicans to non-albicans Candida species in Yemen. CONTENTS
Clinicomycological study of vulvovaginal candidiasis
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 2021
Background: Vaginal candidiasis is one of the most common vaginal infections in women of reproductive age group caused by Candida species of fungi, a normal inhabitant of vagina. Aims: The aim is to study the culture characteristics, species prevalence, and drug sensitivity of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) among females with genital pruritus and discharge per vaginum who are proved to have Candida infection by a vaginal smear study. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done on female patients aged 18 years attending the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic of the Department of Dermato-Venereo-Leprology (DVL), Tirunelveli Medical College, with complaints of genital pruritus and vaginal discharge over a period of 1½ years from 2013 to 2015. After clinical examination, vaginal discharge was smeared for wet mount, potassium hydroxide mount, and Gram stain. Those with pseudohyphae were chosen for culture, speciation, and drug sensitivity. Results: The most common age group aff...
Prevalance of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in women of reproductive age group
Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is a common problem in women of reproductive age group with overgrowth of fungus Candida due to loss of imbalance between normal vaginal flora, Candida and immune defense mechanisms. Most common Candida species is C. albicans. However, the incidence of non-albicans species is on the rise. Direct microscopy and vaginal cultures are a valuable tool for identifying Candida species so that appropriate therapy may be given to eliminate the vaginal source of infection rather than treating vulval symptoms. Objectives: The main objectives of the present study were to estimate the incidence of Candida infections in women of reproductive age and identify the species of Candida causing such infections. 150 women were subjected to speculum examination and vaginal swabs were collected for culture, direct microscopy and candida isolation. Results: 53.3% of women in their early reproductive years were found to suffer from Candida infections of which 86% were Candida albicans species. Conclusion : Culture for Candida species routinely maybe a valuable tool not only to treat vaginal symptoms effectively but also to avoid usage of unnecessary antifungal agents.
2015
BACKGROUND: Candida species are a part of the complex endogenous vaginal microflora, which under pathological condition cause vulvovaginal candidiasis. Worldwide it is the second most common cause of vaginitis after bacterial vaginosis and in India it accounts for 18-20% of clinical visits. AIM: To determine the spectrum of Candida species among the subjects of suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis with an objective to isolate and identify all the Candida species and determine their antifungal susceptibility pattern. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was cross sectional observational, conducted on 275 symptomatic outdoor and admitted patients in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary care hospital in Tripura between August 2012 and April 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Discharge was collected from patients and identified by Grams staining and wet mount test. Culturing was done in Sabouraud dextrose agar followed by speciation through germ tube test, corn meal agar morphologies and chromogenic identification in HiCrome agar. Antifungal susceptibility was determined through E-test for Polyenes and Azoles. RESULT: Vulvovaginal candidiasis was found at a frequency of 25% with non-albicans Candida species (62%) prevailing over C. albicans (38%). Highest frequency was observed in the 40-49 age group. Highest susceptibility was seen for fluconazole and least for ketoconazole. CONCLUSION: The frequency of vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be higher than other prevalence studies from India. The study also showed increasing shift towards non-albicans Candida species from C. albicans. The reason for high frequency among the menopausal group and ectopic pregnancy cases could be topics for future studies. Amphotericin B and fluconazole were effective towards most species and hence could be used to treat the local population.
Alexandria journal of medicine, 2016
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remains one of the most common infections of the female genital tract. Correct identification of the isolated Candida species is essential to direct the empirical antifungal therapy. Objectives: This local study was conducted to identify the spectrum of Candida species associated with VVC using different phenotypic and genotypic methods and assess their antifungal susceptibility pattern. Materials and methods: High vaginal swabs were collected from 125 patients presenting with a clinical picture suggestive of VVC. Swabs were subjected to Gram-stain and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Species identification of Candida isolates was done using phenotypic methods including germ tube test, Rice Tween-80 agar, Chrom ID (CAN2) agar and API 20C AUX, while PCR-RFLP was used as the gold standard method. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion method. Results: Vaginal swab cultures yielded Candida growth in 63 cases (50.4%). Candida albicans was the predominant isolated species (60.3%) while the most common non-albicans species was Candida glabrata (12.7%). Fortyfive (71.4%) and fifty-five (87.3%) Candida isolates were correctly speciated by Rice Tween-80 Agar and API 20C AUX, respectively, while fifty-seven isolates (90.5%) were correctly assigned into the 3 groups of yeasts identified by CAN2 agar. Amphotericin B was more effective than azoles against vaginal Candida isolates. Conclusion: C. albicans is the most common species associated with VVC. API 20C AUX was the most accurate phenotypic method for the proper identification of most Candida species whereas PCR-RFLP could properly confirm Candida species identification genotypically.