Experimental study of mist generated from metalworking fluids emulsions (original) (raw)
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Volume 3B: General, 1993
Although valuable data now exists concerning lube oil mists, there seemingly lacked a global approach to (i) the basic processes that generate these mists, (ii) the real contribution of the oil vapors and (iii) the possible impacts on the lubricant in service. This paper discusses these aspects and also reports the findings of comparative elimination tests, which confirm the high performance of the glass microfiber technology.
Droplet Size Distributions of Heat Transfer Fluid Aerosols in Air
2000
PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are available in a wide range of properties. These fluids are flammable above their flash points and can cause explosions. Though the possibility of aerosol explosions has been widely documented, knowledge about the explosive potential of such aerosols is limited. The aerosol droplet size distributions of heat transfer fluids must be studied to characterize their explosion hazards. Current research by the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center involves non- intrusive measurement of such aerosol sprays using a Malvern Instrument Diffraction Particle Analyzer. The aerosol is generated by plain orifice atomization to simulate the formation and dispersion of heat transfer fluid aerosols through leaks in process equipment. A predictive model to relate the characteristic aerosol droplet size to bulk liquid pressure, temperature, fluid properties, orifice size and ambient conditions will be developed. Th...
Impact of engine oil volatility and viscosity on blow-by aerosol formation
Automotive and Engine Technology, 2022
Particulate emissions from diesel engines are a matter of public concern and continued industrial development. For an internal combustion engine, particles may originate either from the after treatment box or from the crankcase ventilation system. This paper quantifies and discusses particle sources within the crankcase ventilation system of a medium-duty 4-cylinder and a heavy-duty 6-cylinder engine and their dependence on the engine oil parameters viscosity (expressed as Noack number) and HTHS volatility. Crankcase aerosol spectra were measured by an optical particle counter in the size range of 0.3–5 µm. For a few cases data of filter samples downstream the separator unit are discussed for the total blow-by aerosol. Engines were found to behave very similarly with regard to changes in either oil parameter, with volatility generally being the far stronger factor of influence. Total particle mass concentration increased by a factor of up to 5 for a rise in Noack volatility of about...
Constituent analysis of aerosol generated from die sinking electrical discharge machining process
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2011
This paper aims to study the influence of process parameters on the breathing zone concentration of the aerosol generated from the electrical discharge machining process using Taguchi methodology. Peak current, pulse duration, dielectric level above the spark location and flushing pressure were the process parameters considered in this work. Characterization of the components present in the aerosol and its morphology are also presented. The metallic particles present in the aerosol were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze the hydrocarbon components attached to the aerosol. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques were applied to study the morphology of aerosol. Analysis of the results showed that the peak current and the pulse duration are the most significant parameters on the breathing zone concentration of aerosol. Investigation using ICP revealed that the major portion of aerosol (about 69%) constitutes metallic particulates. GC–MS analysis of the aerosol samples indicated the presence of about 20 different hydrocarbons. Morphology studies showed that the particulates are of spherical shape with average sizes ranging from 20 to 29 nm. The control measures to minimize the risk of exposure have also been discussed in this paper.▶ Emission of aerosol is an important occupational threat of die sinking EDM process. ▶ Peak current and the pulse duration are the most influential parameters in the generation of aerosol. ▶ 69% of aerosol generated from the EDM process constitutes of metallic particles. ▶ Aerosol emissions from the EDM process are attached with a complex mixture of about 20 hydrocarbons. ▶ The particle size of the aerosol was observed in the range of 25–29 nm.
Fluids
The goal of this study was to investigate oil droplet breakup in food emulsions during atomization with pressure swirl (PS), internal mixing (IM), and external mixing (EM) twin-fluid atomizers. By this, new knowledge is provided that facilitates the design of atomization processes, taking into account atomization performance as well as product characteristics (oil droplet size). Atomization experiments were performed in pilot plant scale at liquid volume flow rates of 21.8, 28.0, and 33.3 L/h. Corresponding liquid pressures in the range of 50–200 bar and air-to-liquid ratios in the range of 0.03–0.5 were applied. Two approaches were followed: oil droplet breakup was initially compared for conditions by which the same spray droplet sizes were achieved at constant liquid throughput. For all volume flow rates, the strongest oil droplet breakup was obtained with the PS nozzle, followed by the IM and the EM twin-fluid atomizer. In a second approach, the concept of energy density EV was u...