Bilateral sensorineural hearing disorders in children: etiology of deafness and evaluation of hearing tests (original) (raw)
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Risk factors associated with the diagnosis of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in children
Archives of Otolaryngology and Rhinology, 2018
The hearing loss is the most frequent sensory alteration of the human being, with numerous medical, social, emotional and cultural implications. It is a multicausal pathology and is related to many risk factors. Identify the risk factors for the appearance of hearing loss in the child. Method: A sample of 81 children under 3 years of age with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss was taken, in which the variables studied were the risk factors for hearing loss defi ned by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Results: Values of the risk factors were found, with the following percentages: hypoxia (55.41%), gestational age less than 30 weeks (27%), weight less than 1500 grams (17.57%), ototoxic drugs (17.57%), jaundice with exsanguineous-transfusion (10.81%), meningitis (9.46%), jaundice treated with phototherapy (9.46%) and TORCH (6.76%). It was found that patients with hearing loss can present one to four risk factors, while in relation to sex again; the hypoxia risk factor has the highest percentage (male 31.59% and female 37.5%). Conclusions: It is clear that the patients analyzed have one or several risk factors related to hearing loss. In our case, hypoxia was the factor that most occurred. Therefore, without the realization of a hearing screening for early detection of deafness, the average age of diagnosis is around three years, when parents or educators begin to detect the fi rst manifestations.
Acta Paediatrica, 2019
About 200 children are born with hearing loss each year in Sweden, according to the Swedish Association for deaf and hearing-impaired children. 1 Within each birth year cohort, another 200 children are subsequently diagnosed with hearing loss during childhood. In Sweden, approximately 10 000 children and young people (0-25 years) are living with hearing loss of different types and severity. A Swedish prevalence study, covering birth years 1964-83, of children with hearing impairment, 96% sensorineural, ≥30 decibel hearing loss mean for the frequencies 0.5, 1.0 and
Systematic review of the etiology of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children
2004
Identification of the etiology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children facilitates management and provides important prognostic information. In recent years, the etiology of bilateral SNHL in children has changed due to advances in genetic testing and treatment of perinatal infections. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of etiologies of moderate-profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. Methods: The English literature was searched in Medline for articles published between 1966 and 2002. The inclusion criteria were studies involving bilateral SNHL ≥40 dB in children less than 18 years of age. The studies were required to account for all patients, and provide a breakdown of etiologic factors. Etiologies investigated included genetic and non-genetic (prenatal, perinatal, postnatal). To compare differences between the frequencies of etiologies a two-sample t-test was performed assuming unequal variance. Studies were stratified according to perceived confounders: start date of study, study design, and degree of hearing loss. Results: Seven hundred and eighty abstracts were screened for relevancy. Forty-three studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The common etiologies of bilateral SNHL were unknown (41.5%), genetic non-syndromic (27.2%), prenatal (11.5%), perinatal (9.7%), postnatal (6.6%), and genetic syndromic (3.5%). Unknown and Rubella were significantly less frequent etiologies in the more recent studies, while genetic non-syndromic, asphyxia and prematurity were more common. Genetic non-syndromic hearing loss was more frequent in the prospective studies compared to the population and retrospective studies, but this difference was not significant. Genetic non-syndromic hearing loss was more common among patients with profound hearing loss. Conclusion: Accounting for the recent decline in infectious etiologies, the most common causes of bilateral SNHL are unknown (37.7%), genetic non-syndromic (29.2%), prenatal (12%), perinatal (9.6%), postnatal (8.2%), and genetic syndromic (3.2%).
Pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss
2016
Proses mendengar merupakan suatu peristiwa psikoakustik yaitu persepsi terhadap rangsang bunyi. Tahun pertama hingga ketiga kehidupan merupakan masa yang sangat penting bagi anak untuk belajar mendengar dan mengembangkan kemampuan berbicara serta berbahasa. Gangguan pendengaran pada anak merupakan salah satu kelainan yang sering timbul sejak lahir, umumnya sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), bersifat bilateral, sebagian derajat berat dan sangat berat. Bila gangguan pendengaran bilateral terjadi sejak lahir atau sebelum periode perkembangan bicara tidak terdeteksi, akan mengganggu perkembangan bicara, berbahasa dan kognitif. Gangguan pada pendengaran akan mempengaruhi pencapaian pekerjaan, pendapatan, penggunaan sistem perawatan kesehatan, serta harapan hidup. Angka kejadian SNHL bilateral kongenital adalah satu sampai tiga perseribu kelahiran pada populasi perawatan bayi normal dan dua sampai empat perseratus bayi pada perawatan intensif. Di Amerika Serikat diperkirakan 4000 bayi dil...
2013
BACKGROUND: profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss has being a major hearing disability in children worldwide, most especially in tropical sub-Saharan Africa. Various aetiological factors ranging from congenital causes, maternal and childhood infections to the use of ototoxic drugs have been implicated. This study aims at highlighting the various aetiological factors and the pattern of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children. METHODOLOGY: Case files of two thousand, seven hundred and sixty-one children aged 1-15yrs who presented to our facilities during the study period, with all types and grades of hearing loss were reviewed. Out of this four hundred and thirty-six (436) were children that presented with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss; the obtained data was documented on a structured pro forma questionnaire for statistical analysis. The variables include the socio-demographic data of the children, the various aetiological factors of hearing loss at presentation, laboratory investigations; and detailed clinical and audiological assessment. RESULTS: Among the 2761 case files of children with both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss that was retrieved, 436(15.8%) with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was analyzed. There were 264 males and 172 females, with M: F =3:2, age-group of 1-4yrs was found to be the most affected with 184.0(42.2%).Generally more males affected than females. There was a decrease in the frequency of profound sensorineural hearing loss with increasing age. Unknown (idiopathic) causes were found to be the commonest 2 aetiological factor with 144.0 (33.0%), this was followed by measles and meningitis infections with 21.6%, and 14.4% respectively. CONCLUSION: Profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss still remains a major childhood disability in our environment. More efforts should be made towards providing facilities for effective virology and genetic studies in our health care institutions. Intensive immunization campaign, especially against measles and meningitis should be emphasized nationally.
Risk Factors for Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children
Acta Otorrinolaringologica (english Edition), 2012
In the last decade, tremendous progress has been made very rapidly in the development of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) systems as a major public health initiative. The percentage of infants screened annually in Spain has increased significantly since the EHDI systems have expanded to all autonomic regions. Historically, high risk indicators have been used for the identification of infants who should receive audiological evaluation but who live in geographic locations where universal hearing screening is not yet available, to help identify infants who pass neonatal screening but are at risk of developing delayed-onset hearing loss and to identify infants who may have passed neonatal screening but have mild forms of permanent hearing loss. In this review, the standard risk factors for hearing loss are analysed and the risk factors known to be associated with late onset or progressive hearing loss are identified. The recommendation for infants with a risk factor that may be considered as low risk is to perform at least one audiology assessment in 24-30 months. In contrast, for an infant with risk factors known to be associated with late onset or progressive hearing loss (such as cytomegalovirus infection or family history), early and more frequent assessment is appropriate. All infants should have an objective standardised screening of global development with a validated assessment tool at 9, 18 and 24-30 months of age or at any time if the health care professional or the family is concerned.
Sensorineural hearing loss in children
The Lancet, 2005
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a multifaceted condition with profound medical, social, and cultural ramifications. Although various terms are used to refer to people with SNHL, that most commonly used by the lay public is deaf (with a lower case "d"). Deafness (with an uppercase "D") defines a cultural group of people united by distinct traditions and strengths arising from the use of sign language as a communication form. Most people who communicate primarily by sign language have congenital SNHL, and many are the offspring of Deaf parents. People who acquire SNHL in later childhood or adulthood generally continue to use oral communication, and few see themselves as members of the Deaf community. Doctors, teachers, audiologists, and other professionals often use the term "hearing impaired" to describe people with any degree of SNHL. Although intended to be neutral, this term arouses powerful emotions for many people, especially those in the Deaf community who reject the notion of SNHL as an impairment. Since no term is completely encapsulating, in this Seminar we use SNHL to refer to people who by audiometric testing have any degree of permanent SNHL. We focus on SNHL in children and explore advances in diagnosis, classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, management, treatment, and prevention.
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana, 2018
Background: Hearing loss is one of the congenital abnormalities frequently found in children, which is followed by delayed speech and language development. The majority of cases have unknown causes of hearing loss resulting in late diagnosis. Newborn Hearing Screening Program (NHSP) recommended Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) and Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) as detection of hearing loss in infants and children. Objective: To obtain the prevalence and description of sensorineural hearing loss in infants and children. Method: A retrospective descriptive study of infants underwent OAE and BERA between 2011-2013 at Dr Soetomo Hospital. The degree of hearing loss was according to the International Standard Organization (ISO). Result: A total number of 552 infant and children were examined, and 377 (68%) were detected with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This group of SNHL consisted of 199 males (52.79%) and 178 females (47.21%). The largest age group was 12 to 36 months, revealed 237 patients (62.86%) with SNHL. The majority degree of hearing loss was profound hearing loss in 329 patients (87.27%). The risk factors of SNHL mostly were not found, in 310 patients (82.23%). The majority number of SNHL was bilateral, in 357 patients (94.69%). Conclusion: SNHL was found in majority of infant and children in the Audiology Clinic of Dr.Soetomo Hospital. The hearing loss found were mostly profound and bilateral, with unknown risk factors, which might contribute to speech and language developmental delay. This is relevance with the Universal NHSP recommendation that early detection should be implemented to all newborn.
ORISSA JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY, 2016
Introduction: Interpersonal communication, day to day activities, learning language and acquiring grades in the school are important parts in the life of school going children. Unilateral or bilateral Loss of hearing affects education and the child feels handicapped socially, emotionally, and in school performances. Such children lose grades and retained in the same class affecting them emotionally. The present study was conducted in order to find out the various causes of unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (USNHL) in children and to study the role of various audiological findings in diagnosing the cause of impaired hearing in children. Aims and Objectives: To find out the possible etiological causes and study the role of various audiological tests in finding the causes of unilateral impaired hearing in children. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT of a tertiary Hospital i.e. Kalinga Institute Of Medical Science, Bhubaneswar.. A total of 390 children aged between 4 and 15 years attended presenting with complaints of impaired hearing. Among them 80 children had unilateral sensorineural deafness and they were included in the study. After a thorough ENT examination subjective tests like pure tone audiometry and behavioral observation audiometry and objective tests like impedance audiometry, Oto-acoustic emissions (OAE), and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) were performed. Results: While identifying the possible etiological cause of USNHL,OAE revealed 56.16% REFER and 43.83% PASS results. Impedance audiometric results showed 71.22% as Type A Tympanogram. Pure tone audiometric results mostly showed severe and profound hearing losses together accounting to 87.66%. BERA findings mostly on severe to profound hearing loss (90.40%). No children with syndromic or cranio-facial abnormalities were found. Conclusions: A prospective hospital based study of school children with USNHL showed acquired moderate to severe hearing loss. No accompanying syndromic or cephalo-facial anomalies were noted as the cause of USNHL.