The Role of Institutions and Linkages in Learning and Innovation (original) (raw)
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The role of institutions in achieving radical innovation
Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 2019
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how institutions can facilitate or inhibit radical innovation. The authors argue that organizational radical innovation is necessary to maintain a competitive advantage and to evolve in the market place, and institutions are the basis of this innovation. From an innovation and service dominant (SD) logic perspective, network ties are proposed to be a determining factor for the achievement of innovation through institutionalization in the university knowledge management context.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual approach is applied to develop and propose a framework for deepening understanding of radical organizational innovation, institutions and network ties. Data were gathered from Link by UMA-ATech, which in the context of the University of Málaga (Spain) is with great success developing a strategy based on fostering innovation. In all, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with actors in the Link context, together with addition...
A note on institutions as the root cause of development–
Preface "Is there some action a government of India could take that would lead the Indian economy to grow like Indonesia's or Egypt's? If so, what, exactly? If not, what is it about the "nature of India" that makes it so? The consequences for human welfare involved in questions like these are simply staggering: Once one starts to think about them, it is hard to think about anything else-Robert Lucas" (Lucas 1988). In May 2008 we organized a workshop on "Institutions, Innovation and Development" at Aalborg University (see: http://www.business.aau.dk/wiid/). It was a successful event which resulted in fruitful and interesting interaction among participants. Another, and more tangible, output of the workshop is this collection of the working papers published in the working paper series of the Department of Business Studies, Aalborg University. The main motivation for the workshop is encapsulated in the quote from Robert Lucas above. Moreover, it is our conviction that research, within evolutionary economics, on innovation and technological change holds great potential for explaining and guiding economic development. The opening statement in the INNOGRIPS workshop on Innovation & Development which was held in Manchester in April 2008, nicely presents the argument: "Innovation studies have mainly originated in, and focused on, industrialised economies. In some ways this is not surprising, since much of the investment and pace-setting in innovation has stemmed from these countries. Though it took a long time for many economists to realise it, technological innovation has been widely recognised as a major factor in the growth of these economies. There is now increasing awareness of, and interest in, the importance of innovation for the so-called "less developed countries" (INNO GRIPS, 2008). The workshop put attention to themes as learning, innovation and institutional economics. Our intention was to strengthen research on developmental issues within the IKE-group through the involvement of other research groups and independent researchers (from inside or outside Aalborg University) with similar interests. The idea was to stimulate a positive and open atmosphere of informal interaction and discussion rather than standard presentations. Such a format is moreover suitable for outlining and/or identifying new important research areas.
Developing National Systems of Innovation
Developing National Systems of Innovation, 2015
Economic development in countries behind the technological frontier requires innovation both by firms, and by farms, hospitals, and other organizations that provide goods and services. This is not innovation in the sense of introducing something new to the world economy, but of introducing something new to the particular context. In general, in economies that are significantly behind the frontier and that are aiming to catch up, the new practices put in place by firms tend to be modelled on practices that have been employed for some time by firms at the frontier. However, empirical research shows clearly that innovation of this kind has many of the attributes of innovation at the frontier. A large share of these efforts fails. Success generally requires a considerable amount of learning by the firms by doing and using before they acquire the needed capabilities. This view of the process through which developing economies acquire increased capabilities to produce goods and services is relatively new among economists who study the process. Traditionally, economists have focused on the investments needed. They saw the problem of mastering new ways of doing things as mostly involving "technology transfer", a term that played down the difficult learning processes involved. In the early writings of development economists on the need for firm learning, the focus was on what the firms themselves needed to do. More recently, there has been growing recognition that firms are part of a community of organizations and institutions whose interactions affect the direction and efficacy of learning. The concept of an "innovation system," which for some time has been employed by scholars of innovation in advanced industrial countries, is now more often used to denote and characterize the complex collection of actors and interactions that are involved in innovation in countries behind the frontiers and striving to catch up. The research projects in this book focus on a particular part of the workings of innovation systems: the interactions between universities and public laboratories and firms, and how these interactions affect the efficacy of the efforts of firms to acquire new capabilities. In recent years, the relationships between universities and firms, and how these relationships x Developing national systems of innovation xi Acknowledgements We would like to thank Professor Richard Nelson and his Catch Up Project for the tremendous incentive and help provided for this research. Our international research is a child of the Catch Up Project. Launched at Columbia University in May 2005, the Catch Up Project provided the first opportunity for researchers from 12 countries and three continents to make contact and exchange information about a potential research project. In September 2006 in Milan, the Catch Up Project held a meeting hosted by Franco Malerba to improve the project proposal for presentation to the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Professor Richard Nelson always helped our theoretical and empirical discussions, and generously used his knowledge to improve our proposals. We would like to thank IDRC and its Research on Knowledge Systems (RoKS) Program for funding our research in three continents and 12 countries. The guidance, help, and enthusiasm provided by Jean Woo, since the RoKS Workshop in Ho Chi Minh City in January 2007 and during all phases of our research, were very important for our work. In addition, the Globelics network provided opportunities for our groups to come together in South Africa, Mexico, and Argentina to both organize our research and present preliminary results. Funding from IDRC helped attract other funding sources in many countries. We would like to thank the Mexican agency Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), the Argentine agencies Consejo
The theory of induced institutional innovation: a critique
World Development, 1988
World Development, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 385394, 1988. Printed in Great Britain. 0305750X 88 3.00 + 0.00 1988 Pergamon Press plc The Theory of Induced Institutional Innovation A Critique RICHARD GRABOWSKI Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Summary. ...
Innovation and institutions from the bottom up: an introduction
Journal of Institutional Economics, 2018
This introduction canvasses broad themes relating to the nexus of innovation and institutions. It first examines the notion of a “new combination” – a core analytical concept in economic theories of innovation and explanations of emergent novelty through bottom-up processes. Following Schumpeter, different theorists have made different claims about the composition and structure of new combinations. Possible constituent elements include factors of production, capital goods, routines, information, ideas, technologies, and property rights. The article then looks synoptically at the institutional dimensions of innovation from alternative perspectives that focus upon different kinds of institutional rules and policy solutions to innovation problems. Neoclassical and evolutionary approaches tend to emphasize specific policy interventions in markets to channel behavior toward particular desired outcomes, whereas institutional and Austrian approaches tend to focus upon general institutional...
druid.dk
In recent years there have been suggested several approaches which conceive of systems of innovation at regional, national or sectoral levels. Regardless of the analytical levels addressed, one point of commonality between the approaches is the emphasis on the important role of institutions in the sense of rules or norms governing organizational and individual patterns of behavior within the innovation systems. The purpose of the paper is to review selected parts of the literature on innovations systems and arrive at some conclusions regarding the degrees of consensus versus variety when it comes to usage of the institution concept. Findings include the observation that there are differences when it comes to the meaning of the concept of institutions, a variation which could result in disadvantages for the further advancement of a school of innovation systems research.
Master's dissertation, 2015
Resource scarcity obliges humanity to face the problem of identifying efficient ways of distributing them. One way of reducing this problem lies on the possibility of increasing the amount of available goods. Robert Solow's growth theory describes the composition of an economy's output as the sum of units of labor, capital stock and a residual variation called technical change. This residual, the total factors productivity (TFP), is explainable by a series of variables: institutional change, available technology, government policies, etc. This research aimed at finding out the role of institutions in the process of innovation and industrialization in selected emerging countries from 1950 to 2010. Due to its similar historical backgrounds and geographic location, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico were chosen. The last six decades (encompassing the import-substitution industrialization era, the Oil Crisis and the post-Washington Consensus liberalization) were analyzed as a manner of comparing how economic agents reacted to the events of each period. The Triple Helix approach, which takes into consideration the evolutionary relations between governments, firms and universities, was used to map history facts that were compared to the calculated TFP of the given countries. It was demonstrated that the stability of economic and political institutions is a key element for motivating entrepreneurs to innovate. Furthermore, it was noticed a clear difference between the outcomes generated by the different models of economic policy adopted in each period. State intervention was helpful to promote industrial growth but in many occasions its protectionism could not offer enough incentives to motivate entrepreneurial innovation. Many industries faded into State protection and didn't gain enough competitiveness in the global economy. Opening the economy, on the other side, led to the bankruptcy or shrinkage of several firms that were not able to adapt themselves to the international competition but, at the same time, it boosted innovative efforts and, thus, the competitiveness of high technology sectors from emerging economies. Finally, it was noticed that, although many policies were enacted in this direction, the interaction between firms and universities in these countries is still very incipient.