Can 4D seismics be used to quantify the volume of geologically sequestered CO2? (original) (raw)
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Time-lapse (4-D) seismic analysis in Denbury Onshore LLC's Bell Creek Field, currently undergoing CO 2 injection for enhanced oil recovery and associated CO 2 storage, has illuminated a shale-filled permeability barrier and delineated local hydraulic connectivity between two development phases. From a CO 2 storage perspective, the MVA program has benefitted through improvement to interpretation of 3-D seismic data, increased visibility of injected CO 2 , and identification of preferential fluid flow. Such efforts resulted in better history matching of dynamic models and increased accuracy of resulting predictive simulations. These knowledge gains may be used to ensure safe and secure storage at future CCUS projects.
Seismic Modelling: 4D Capabilities for CO 2 Injection
Energy Procedia
This paper focuses on modelling the seismic response to a theoretical CO 2 injection into the upper reservoir at the Longyearbyen CO 2 Lab site in Svalbard, Norway. The modelling aims to assess the monitoring potential of a carbon capture and storage site. We demonstrate the effect of reservoir porosity and CO 2 concentration on seismic reflection amplitudes using a prestack depth migration simulator. In addition, we look at five different CO 2 plumes of increasing volume and model the seismic response as a proxy to monitoring the evolution of a CO 2 plume. We show that even low porosity reservoirs (2%) will generate a significant seismic response from the injection of CO 2 , and that low CO 2 concentrations will also be detected. However, further increases in the CO 2 concentration will not be as simple to monitor, with the CO 2 contact providing the best seismic imaging potential. Furthermore, we demonstrate how illumination angle and hence seismic acquisition design is critical to avoid imaging artefacts.
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is used at Sleipner Field due to the implementation of a carbon emission tax off the coast of Norway. This project causes the fluid at the Utsira Formation as a reservoir to be replaced by CO2, so the elastic property of the reservoir rock will change. Because of that, the 3D seismic survey was carried out in 1994 (baseline) and re-acquisition in 2001 (monitor) to observe CO2 distribution and changes in rock properties. This study aims to monitor the distribution of CO2 as well as changes in reservoir rock's acoustic and elastic parameters. This research performed the cross-equalization, 4D Seismic Inversion model-based, and rock physics modeling process. From data processing, obtained information that CO2 spreads laterally, then moves to the northeast and does not penetrate the overburden. Also, we get the NRMS value of 0.443068 and the cross-correlation value of 0.907426. 4D Inversion results reveal a change in the reflector at the reservoir zo...
Geological investigations for CO2 storage: From seismic and well data to 3D modeling
Energy Procedia, 2011
This work is part of the CPER Artenay project that aims at quantifying the environmental benefits and the technico-economic feasibility of storing CO 2 issued from a bio-ethanol distillery into a deep saline aquifer in the Paris Basin, France. This communication focuses on the geological investigations that ultimately lead to defining an optimal location for an injection site in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project. This paper presents a new approach for the pre-site characterization going from seismic and well data analyses to storage design. First, the general context of the area has been set follow by seismic interpretation. Those investigations leads to a geological surfaces modeling taking into account the basin border location of the project. The next step is the properties modeling made using sequence stratigraphy surfaces and Petrel software. This work will conduct to choose the optimal injection location regarding this geological investigation and the environmental constrains.
Modeling in situ 4D seismic response for Otway basin CO 2 sequestration project
SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008, 2008
Injection of CO 2 into a depleted gas field, Otway basin, Australia, is expected to create very subtle changes in elastic properties of the reservoir. This is a serious challenge for the monitoring program at this site. Here, we perform a series of numerical experiments to evaluate the likelihood of detecting a weak 4D signal caused by CO 2 injection. We simulate seismic response changes due to variable near surface conditions. We also take into account the expected ambient noise level. To come to realistic input parameters a detailed analysis of borehole seismic data (several Vertical Seismic Profile, or VSP surveys) is performed. We then analyze the possibility of extracting 4D seismic signatures of CO 2 from the simulated low repeatability seismic data.
This paper is to describe an innovative seismological technology for the 4D survey to monitor of change in storage in CCS (Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage) and oil and gas reservoirs and aquifer. We present two fundamental technologies: an integrated interpretation method for WARRP (Wide-angle Refraction Reflection Profiling) seismic data to determine precise underground structure and the seismic ACROSS (Accurately Controlled and Routinely Operated Signal System) source to perform continuous monitor f characteristic change of seismic waves. The integrated set of 4D analysis tools gives ray-paths and travel-times and generating synthetic waveforms under given velocity structure model. By this method, we can choose the most appropriate locations for sources and receivers to watch characteristic change of CO 2 storage and reservoirs. We describe a non-destructive seismic source of well controlled seismic ACROSS source, which can be used to continuously watch a target. This method, whose potential has been demonstrated in very large-scale surveys, is nevertheless flexible enough to meet the specific requirements of seismic exploration and monitoring of CO 2 storage and oil, gas and aqueous fields.
Computational Geosciences, 2016
The main objective of this paper is to use a flow simulator to represent the CO 2 storage and combine it with a wave propagation simulator in order to obtain synthetic seismograms qualitatively matching time-lapse real field data. The procedure is applied to the Utsira formation at Sleipner field. The field data at the site available to us is a collection of seismic sections (time-lapse seismics) used to monitor the CO 2 storage. An estimate of the CO 2 injection rate and the location of the injection point are known. Using these data, we build a geological model, including intramudstone layers with openings, whose coordinates are defined by performing a qualitative match of the field seismic data. The flow simulator parameters and the petrophysical properties are updated to obtain CO 2 saturation maps, including CO 2 plumes, so that the synthetic seismic images resemble the real data. The geological model is based on a porous-media constitutive equation. It considers a poroelastic description of the Utsira formation (a shaly sandstone), based on porosity and clay content, and takes into account the variation of the
Physics and Seismic Modeling for Monitoring CO2 Storage
Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2006
We present a new petro-elastical and numerical-simulation methodology to compute synthetic seismograms for reservoirs subject to CO 2 sequestration. The petro-elastical equations model the seismic properties of reservoir rocks saturated with CO 2 , methane, oil and brine. The gas properties are obtained from the van der Waals equation and we take into account the absorption of gas by oil and brine, as a function of the in situ pore pressure and temperature. The dry-rock bulk and shear moduli can be obtained either by calibration from real data or by using rock-physics models based on the Hertz-Mindlin and Hashin-Shtrikman theories. Mesoscopic attenuation due to fluids effects is quantified by using White's model of patchy saturation, and the wet-rock velocities are calculated with Gassmann equations by using an effective fluid modulus to describe the velocities predicted by White's model. The simulations are performed with a poro-viscoelastic modeling code based on Biot's theory, where viscoelasticity is described by generalizing the solid/fluid coupling modulus to a relaxation function. Using the pseudo-spectral method, which allows general material variability, a complete and accurate characterization of the reservoir can be obtained. A simulation, that considers the Utsira sand of the North Sea, illustrates the methodology.
2017
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been established as a viable technology for the mitigation of climate change caused mainly by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Ever since the publication of the special report on CCS by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2005, there has been an increased research and development in all areas of CCS. Some of these research involves use of numerical methods and models for optimizing storage and ensuring effective long term containment. In this paper, we propose a workflow for building and calibrating 3D preinjection and 4D geomechanics modelling to assess caprock and fault integrity for geologic carbon dioxide storage. The workflow presented here describes a seamless end-to-end process which combines a transparent flow of data with an easy-to-use graphical user interface. The workflow can conduct 3D static and 4D flow-, pressure-, and temperature-coupled calculations for rock deformations, failure and stress...
71st EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2009, 2009
We build a detailed rock physics model that links the rock and fluid properties with seismic properties and accounts for variations in reservoir quality, fluid saturations, and seismic resolution. This approach will increase the accuracy of the predicted changes in elastic properties of the reservoir rock by calibration of the down-hole petrophysical log with core sample data and ultrasonic measurements. The results indicate that Vp core saturated provide good agreement with Vp log measurement when the "effective" Kgrain is applied. Results also suggest that "effective" Kgrain may be used to represent the average mineralogy of the grains. A comparative analysis has also been performed incorporating the petrographic descriptions and geochemical analysis. The expected mineralogy derived from "effective" Kgrain and petrographic analyses are very close further confirming the model. This type of detailed rock physics analysis provides the capability to forecast more accurately the changes in the 4D seismic response during long-term CO2 storage at the site, and could be a useful tool for future storage sites with similarly challenging geophysical monitoring objectives.