Extended 3D annotations as a new mechanism to explicitly communicate geometric design intent and increase CAD model reusability (original) (raw)
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2014
A successful implementation of the Model-Based Enterprise concept (MBE) requires maximizing the potential benefits of annotated 3D models. The foundations of the MBE model are established by digital product definition data practices, which are currently regulated by standards such as ASME Y14.41-2003 and ISO 16792:2006. At the center of the MBE concept is the notion of CAD model reusability, which relies on the idea that 3D CAD models can be reused both throughout the entire product lifecycle and as a starting point for future development of new products. In this context, a critical aspect of CAD model reuse is the proper identification and understanding of the geometric design intent that is usually expressed implicitly within the CAD model. In this work, we present a method to communicate geometric design intent explicitly by overloading and extending the scope of the current annotation instruments available in the MBE approach. We propose a new broader type of model annotation th...
Volume 7: 2nd Biennial International Conference on Dynamics for Design; 26th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology, 2014
CAD model reusability is largely determined by a proper communication of design intent, which is usually expressed implicitly within the model. Recent studies have suggested the use of 3D annotations as a method to embed design information in the model's geometry and make part of the design knowledge explicitly available. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of this method and analyze its impact in model alteration tasks. Our goal is to determine whether annotated models provide significant benefits when performing activities that require a direct manipulation of the geometry. We present the results of a study that measured user performance in two scenarios. First, we tested whether annotations are helpful when inadequate modeling assumptions can be made by designers. Second, we evaluated annotations as tools to communicate design decisions to select the most appropriate solution to a challenge when multiple options are available. In both cases, results show statistically significant benefits of annotated models, suggesting the use of this technique as a valuable approach to improve design intent communication.
An annotation based approach to support design communication
Computing Research Repository, 2007
The aim of this paper is to propose an approach based on the concept of annotation for supporting design communication. In this paper, we describe a co-operative design case study where we analyse some annotation practices, mainly focused on design minutes recorded during project reviews. We point out specific requirements concerning annotation needs. Based on these requirements, we propose an annotation model, inspired from the Speech Act Theory (SAT) to support communication in a 3D digital environment. We define two types of annotations in the engineering design context, locutionary and illocutionary annotations. The annotations we describe in this paper are materialised by a set of digital artefacts, which have a semantic dimension allowing express/record elements of technical justifications, traces of contradictory debates, etc. In this paper, we first clarify the semantic annotation concept, and we define general properties of annotations in the engineering design context, and the role of annotations in different design project situations. After the description of the case study, where we observe and analyse annotations usage during the design reviews and minute making, the last section is dedicated to present our approach. We then describe the SAT concept, and define the concept of annotation acts. We conclude with a description of basic annotation functionalities that are actually implemented in a software, based on our approach.
The Use of Annotation in Design Representation
2006
This paper describes the use of annotation in computer-aided design (CAD) as a mechanism for recording the viewpoints of engineering specialists concerning the semantic interpretation of elements of CAD models, and then briefly presents suggestions on how annotation of text documents may be analogous to that of CAD models. Annotation, applied through markup of the elements of boundary representation solids, allows semantic information from multiple viewpoints to be recorded in CAD part models and then used for subsequent design evaluation. Markup may be introduced into a model in different ways. Three modes are described, based on approaches to feature-based design such as design-by-features and feature recognition. These modes consider markup incorporated in the course of model creation, post-hoc markup from different perspectives, and automated markup based on the model contents, including existing markup as appropriate. Similar modes may be identified in the annotation of text do...
An annotation model to reduce ambiguity in design communication
Research in Engineering Design, 2009
This paper describes an annotation model of digital design representations which aims to provide the design actors with a way to communicate more clearly in asynchronous situations. Our objective is to develop a model that improves design communication through the elicitation of knowledge related to the context of design. We present a case study based on our observations in an industrial vehicle company where we observed and analysed annotation practices during design reviews. The speech act theory is used in order to propose a model based on the concept of locutionary and illocutionary annotation acts, and annotation categories are drawn from cognitive approaches of design. An annotation scenario is then developed on the basis of the case study as an illustration of our model.
Productivity improvement by using social-annotations about design intent in CAD modelling process
Online Communities and Social Computing, 2011
This paper focuses on the New Product Development Process (NPDP) area to contribute to increasing the productivity of CAD users by means of an improved design intent communication using a social-annotation technique. Design teams operate in a similar way to an online social network, and CAD models are not just only a 3D geometry representation, as they reflect the result of an specific modeling strategy, that usually constrains the future capability for modification and reuse of the existing 3D model. ...
An Attempt to Fathom the Role of Annotations in User-Centered Design Process
2019
This paper investigate the role played by annotation along the development process of interactive systems. Empirical observations have demonstrated that development teams often make an extensive use of annotations, mainly as a communication support. Whilst the use of annotation is a fact (also supported by many prototyping environment, IDE and model editors), very few studies have investigated the use of the annotations for building interactive systems. In this paper, we propose a process to explain this co-evolution of annotations and artefacts along the development process of interactive systems. The ultimate goal is provide mechanisms that could help the development team to follow design decisions using annotations as a support.
Building a model for augmented design documentation
Artificial Intelligence in Design '91, 1991
Project-specific knowledge is the rationale behind the project data and specifications, including the design decisions that link elements of basic data, design data, project-specifications, domain knowledge, and general knowledge to explain the design. This information should be available in design documentation, but usually it is missing. The paper describes an approach for improving design documentation in which the computer acts as an apprentice to the designer to capture the rationale during the design process. The initial focus of the work is on HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) design. We are using videotape analysis of design sessions along with structured interviews to develop a model of design rationale in this domain.
The integration of lightweight representation and annotation for collaborative design representation
Research in Engineering Design, 2009
Today companies face the unprecedented challenges of a global market, collaborative environments and the concept of management of the entire product life cycle. In supporting this, the challenge is not only how to utilize information management policies, but also how to develop product representation methods to meet the new demands including platform/application independence, support for the product lifecycle, assisting generation of viewpoint-specific representations, rapid sharing of information between geographically distributed applications and users, and protection of commercial security (intellectual property). This paper proposes a product representation approach using the strengths of lightweight representation and annotation and markup practices to allow the association of product data from throughout the lifecycle with the geometric form of the product. The approach, called Lightweight Model with Multi-layer Annotation (LIMMA), integrates the concept of lightweight representation with annotation of boundaryrepresentations (b-rep) of a product and the use of a formalised markup language (XML). Examples of annotation layers and development of models through-life are given, based on the LIMMA approach.