Recruitment of host’s progenitor cells to sites of human amniotic fluid stem cells implantation (original) (raw)
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Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells and Their Application in Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration
International Journal of Fertility Sterility, 2012
Advances in stem cell biotechnology hold great promise in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Of interest are marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In addition, amniotic fluid stem cells (AF-SCs) have attracted attention as a viable choice following the search for an alternative stem cell source. Investigators are interested in these cells because they come from the amniotic fluid that is routinely discarded after birth. There have been multiple investigations conducted worldwide in an attempt to better understand AF-SCs in terms of their potential use in regenerative medicine. In this review we give a brief introduction of amniotic fluid followed by a description of the cells present within this fluid. Their history related to stem cell discovery in the amniotic fluid as well as the main characteristics of AF-SCs are discussed. Finally, we elaborate on the potential for these cells to promote regeneration of various tissue defects, including fetal tissue, the nervous system, heart, lungs, kidneys, bones, and cartilage.
Razavi International Journal of Medicine, 2015
Context: Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells (AFSC) has mesenchymal origin and is multipotent. Having played their role in the detection of genetic abnormalities in the unborn children, they are gaining attention in the regenerative medicine because of their pluripotency. Evidence Acquisition: AFSCs possess great proliferating ability and have no ethical and religious issues in their use. AFSCs may also be studied for the stem cells differentiation such as production of multiple lineages of different cells like heart, liver, pancreas, etc. The potential of their use in regenerative medicine as well as their differentiation into multiple cells is possible. Results: AFSCs have the potential to be used in tissue repair and regeneration of bladder and kidney injuries, for the treatment of congenital anomalies like tracheal anomalies and spina bifida therapy etc. However, like every therapeutic potential, AFSCs also have some limitations such as low rate of differentiation of transplanted AFSCs and immune rejection. Conclusions: AFSCs have great therapeutic potential, but extensive research is warranted to overcome the limitations to use AFSC as therapy.
Stem cells (SCs) regenerative therapy represents an emerging strategy for the treatment of human diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer significant promise as a multipotent source for cell-based therapies and could form the basis for the differentiation and cultivation of tissue grafts to replace damaged tissue. The main goal of this study was to focus on MSCs and to analyze their differentiation capacity into osteogenic cells. To achieve this aim, MSCs were isolated from amniotic fluid-derived cells (AFSCs). The expression of CD29, CD90, CD105, CD13, CD34, CD14, and Oct-4 of MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. The proliferation and differentiation of MSCs into osteogenic were examined in vitro. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by staining with Alizarin Red S and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of genes markers expression after 4, 7, 14, and 21 days. Our results revealed that the patterns of CD expression markers were highly positive for CD29 (50%), CD 90 (79.1%), CD 105 (79.5%), CD13 (36.5%) and Oct-4 (31.4%) and negative for CD14 (11.3%) and CD34 (15%). MSCs showed proliferative potential and were capable of osteogenic differentiation characterized by Alizarin Red S staining and expression of molecular detection of genes. MSCs from amniotic fluid had the ability to differentiate in vitro into osteogenic under specific culture conditions. AFSCs may represent sources of characterized pluripotent SCs that can be easily collected and amplified in vitro. These MSCs may be used in preclinical studies on large animals to develop future human therapies.
Madridge Journal of Clinical Research, 2017
Amniotic stem cells are continuously placed at the forefront of research in the scientific community because of their potential health benefits and advantageous therapeutic uses. Various studies and experiments have been conducted in order to support the hypothesis that amniotic stem cells have pluripotency ability upon induction and have the capability to differentiate into various cell lineages, and importantly, have yet to commit to a specific cell lineage [1]. Because amniotic stem cells have the potential to develop into skin, cardiac, muscle, cartilage, nerve and bone cells/tissue, the possible medical applications are truly plentiful [2]. One major medical application that could alter the entire course of medical treatment is organ regeneration and regenerative medicine as a whole [2]. Amniotic stem cells are safely extracted from the amniotic sac through a medical procedure called amniocentesis. Amniocentesis is a safe and ethical medical procedure that carries little to no harm to the expectant mother or the developing fetus.
Current stem cell research & therapy, 2018
Regenerative medicine aims to provide therapeutic treatment for disease or injury, and cell-based therapy is a newer therapeutic approach different from conventional medicine. Ethical issues that rose by the utilisation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and the limited capacity of adult stem cells, however, hinder the application of these stem cells in regenerative medicine. Recently, isolation and characterisation of c-kit positive cells from human amniotic fluid, which possess intermediate characteristics between hESCs and adult stem cells, provided a new approach towards realising their promise for fetal and adult regenerative medicine. Despite the number of studies that have been initiated to characterize their molecular signature, research on developing approaches to maintain and enhance their regenerative potential is urgently needed and must be developed. Thus, this review is focused on understanding their potential uses and factors influencing their pluripotent status in ...
A Mini Overview of Isolation, Characterization and Application of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells
Amniotic fluid represents rich sources of stem cells that can be used in treatments for a wide range of diseases. Amniotic fluid-stem cells have properties intermediate between embryonic and adult mesenchymal stem cells which make them particularly attractive for cellular regeneration and tissue engineering. Furthermore, scientists are interested in these cells because they come from the amniotic fluid that is routinely discarded after birth. In this review we give a brief introduction of amniotic fluid followed by a description of the cells present within this fluid and aim to summarize the all existing isolation methods, culturing, characterization and application of these cells. Finally, we elaborate on the differentiation and potential for these cells to promote regeneration of various tissue defects, including fetal tissue, the nervous system, heart, lungs, kidneys, bones, and cartilage in the form of table.
A novel method to derive amniotic fluid stem cells for therapeutic purposes
BMC Cell Biology, 2010
Background: Human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cells have become an attractive stem cell source for medical therapy due to both their ability to propagate as stem cells and the lack of ethical debate that comes with the use of embryonic stem cells. Although techniques to derive stem cells from amniotic fluid are available, the techniques have limitations for clinical uses, including a requirement of long periods of time for stem cell production, population heterogeneity and xeno-contamination from using animal antibody-coated magnetic beads. Herein we describe a novel isolation method that fits for hAFS derivation for cell-based therapy.
International Journal of Stem Cells, 2011
Background and Objectives: The common applied culture medium in which human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) maintain their stem cell characteristics contains fetal calf serum (FCS) and thus is not compatible with possible future clinical applications due to the danger of animal derived pathogens. To overcome this problem, we replaced FCS with serum substitute supplement, a serum substitute used in the in vitro fertilization for embryo development, in the common applied culture medium and cultured hAECs in this substitute serum medium (SSM). Methods and Results: Purity validation and characterization of freshly isolated and cultured hAECs was assessed through the expression of stem cell specific markers by RT-PCR (gene expression), by immunofluorescence staining and FACS (protein expression). Furthermore, karyotype was performed at passage four in order to exclude possible chromosome anomalies in hAECs cultured in SSM. The differentiation potential of hAECs into the cardiomyogenic lineage was tested through cardiac Troponin T expression by immunohistochemistry. hAECs cultured in SSM maintained expression of all the major pluripotent genes Sox-2, Oct-4 and Nanog as well as the expression of the embryonic stem cell specific surface antigens SSEA-4, SSEA-3 and TRA-1-60 over four passages. Using cardiac differentiation medium containing 10% serum substitute supplement, hAECs differentiated into cardiac troponin T expressing cells. Conclusions: We can conclude that, hAECs maintain their stem cell characteristics when cultured in SSM for up to 4 passages. This makes possible future clinical applications of these cells more feasible.
Isolation of Amniotic Stem Cell Lines With Potential for Therapy
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2007
Stem cells capable of differentiating to multiple lineages may be valuable for therapy. We report the isolation of human and rodent amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells that express embryonic and adult stem cell markers. Undifferentiated AFS cells expand extensively without feeders, double in 36 h and are not tumorigenic. Lines maintained for over 250 population doublings retained long telomeres and a normal karyotype. AFS cells are broadly multipotent. Clonal human lines verified by retroviral marking were induced to differentiate into cell types representing each embryonic germ layer, including cells of adipogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, endothelial, neuronal and hepatic lineages. Examples of differentiated cells derived from human AFS cells and displaying specialized functions include neuronal lineage cells secreting the neurotransmitter L-glutamate or expressing G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels, hepatic lineage cells producing urea, and osteogenic lineage cells forming tissue-engineered bone.
[Human Amniotic Epithelium (HAE) as a Possible Source of Stem Cells (SC)]
Gaceta médica de México
There have been major recent advances in the field of developmental biology due to the investigation on stem cells (SC). Stem cells are characterized by their capacity of auto-renewal and differentiation to different cellular phenotypes. Based on the developmental stage, they can be classified into two different types: embryonic SCs and adult SCs. It has been widely reported that several problems need to be resolved before their possible clinical applications. As a result, fetal membranes have been suggested as an alternative source of SCs. In the human amniotic epithelium, the presence of markers of pluripotent SC´s has been reported, and its capacity as a feeder layer for expansion of different SC types. Also, fetal membranes are a discarded product after delivery, and thus there are not any ethical issues related to its use. In conclusion, the human amniotic epithelium can be a strong candidate for regenerative medicine.