Pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal carbonization - A chemical evaluation of endproducts (original) (raw)

Abstract

The demand of biochars (and hydrochars) as a soil amendment and for carbon sequestration is rising and industrial scale production develops rapidly. To ensure environmental friendly production conditions, the use of organic waste material as feedstocks and characterization of end products in terms of composition as well as pollution risk is needed. The aim of our study was to evaluate carbonized end products of five companies in Europe using three different production technologies (pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal carbonization) at industrial scale. We characterized elemental and bulk chemical composition (13C NMR), combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and contribution of specific compounds such as black carbon (BC). In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined for risk assessment of biochars and hydrochars from large...

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