The impact of an adaptive user interface on reducing driver distraction (original) (raw)
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Development of an Adaptive Human-Machine-Interface to Minimize Driver Distraction and Workload
The original use of the vehicle dashboard was to provide enough sensory information to inform the driver of the current engine and vehicle status and performance. Over time, it has evolved into an entertainment system that includes person-toperson communication, global positioning information, and the Internet, just to name a few. Each of these new features adds to the amount of information that drivers must absorb, leading to potential distraction and possible increases in the number and types of accidents. In order to provide an overview of these issues, this paper summarizes previous work on driver distraction and workload, demonstrating the importance of addressing those issues that compete for driver attention and action. In addition, a test platform vehicle is introduced which has the capability of assessing modified dashboards and consoles, as well as the ability to acquire relevant driving performance data. Future efforts with this test platform will be directed toward helping to resolve the critical tug-of-war between providing more information and entertainment while keeping drivers and their passengers safe. The long-term goal of this research is to evaluate the various technological innovations available for inclusion in the driving environment and determining how to optimize driver information delivery without excessive distraction and workload. The information presented herein is the first step in that effort of developing an adaptive distraction/workload management system that monitors performance metrics and provides selected feedback to drivers.
Design and Elimination of Driving Distraction
IJAEM , 2023
Driving is already a complex task that requires varying degrees of cognitive and physical stress. With the advancement of technology, the automobile has become the work place of media consumption, communication center and interconnection. The car's futures have also increased. As a result, the user interaction in the car becomes crowded and complicated. This increases the number of distracted driving and increases the number of traffic accidents caused by distracted driving. This paper focuses on two main aspects of the current automobile environment, multi-modal interaction (MMI) and advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) to reduce interference. It also provides indepth market research for the future trend of smart car technology. After careful analysis, it has been found that a fun filled with many underlying picture information screen, one with a large number of small button at the center of the stack, and terrible voice recognition (VR) led to a high cognitive load, and these are the cause of driver distraction. While VR has become a standard technology, the current state of technology focuses on functional design and sales driven approaches. Most automakers have focused on the virtual reality better, but perfect in the VR is not the answer, as there are inherent challenges and limitations in respect to the in-car environment and cognitive load.
MIMI: A Multimodal and Adaptive Interface for an In-Car Communication System
satnac.org.za
The number of cars provided with in-car communication systems has increased noticeably. Research has shown that using a mobile phone whilst driving has usability and safety issues. In order to minimise these issues, user interfaces that promote the usage of the hands and eyes solely for the driving task have been proposed. This paper discusses the design of MIMI (Multimodal Interface for Mobile Infocommunication), a prototype multimodal in-car communication system using a speech interface, supplemented with steering wheel button input. The design of MIMI is discussed, together with its architecture, including the dialogue manager, the adaptive module and the workload manager. The adaptive module contains a workload manager that helps MIMI to present information to the driver such that driver distraction is reduced.
A Cascaded Multimodal Natural User Interface to Reduce Driver Distraction
IEEE Access, 2020
Natural user interfaces (NUI) have been used to reduce driver distraction while using in-vehicle infotainment systems (IVIS), and multimodal interfaces have been applied to compensate for the shortcomings of a single modality in NUIs. These multimodal NUIs have variable effects on different types of driver distraction and on different stages of drivers' secondary tasks. However, current studies provide a limited understanding of NUIs. The design of multimodal NUIs is typically based on evaluation of the strengths of a single modality. Furthermore, studies of multimodal NUIs are not based on equivalent comparison conditions. To address this gap, we compared five single modalities commonly used for NUIs (touch, mid-air gesture, speech, gaze, and physical buttons located in a steering wheel) during a lane change task (LCT) to provide a more holistic view of driver distraction. Our findings suggest that the best approach is a combined cascaded multimodal interface that accounts for the characteristics of a single modality. We compared several combinations of cascaded multimodalities by considering the characteristics of each modality in the sequential phase of the command input process. Our results show that the combinations speech + button, speech + touch, and gaze + button represent the best cascaded multimodal interfaces to reduce driver distraction for IVIS. INDEX TERMS Cascaded multimodal interface, driver distraction, head-up display (HUD), humancomputer interaction (HCI), in-vehicle infotainment system (IVIS), learning effect, natural user interface (NUI).
In-Vehicle Interface Adaptation to Environment-Induced Cognitive Workload
Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Many car accidents are caused by human distractions, including cognitive distractions. In-vehicle human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have evolved throughout the years, providing more and more functions. Interaction with the HMIs can, however, also lead to further distractions and, as a consequence, accidents. To tackle this problem, we propose using adaptive HMIs that change according to the mental workload of the driver. In this work, we present the current status as well as preliminary results of a user study using naturalistic secondary tasks while driving (i.e., the primary task) that attempt to understand the effects of one such interface. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → User centered design; • Applied computing → Psychology.
2014
Driver information systems that are likely to see more widespread implementation in future vehicles include: cellular phones, adaptive cruise control, navigation, package/cargo and vehicle tracking, and night vision systems. To interact with those systems, use of menu-based architectures and speech input/output will increase. In projecting what might appear in future products, the key considerations are usefulness, usability, and cost. To achieve the desired levels of usability for these interfaces, more research is needed to provide (1) basic models of driving and related baseline data, along with a greater understanding of the workload of driving; (2) application-specific data on most of the new systems; (3) safety data on their actual use; and (4) low-cost usability assessment tools. More work also needs to be done to disseminate human factors knowledge to suppliers and to educate them in iterative design and the use of driver interface prototyping tools.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2002
answered calls while driving a simulator. Calls were answered using a center-console-mounted phone or one of several phone designs which utilized a HUD to display the caller ID and steering-wheel-mounted buttons to activate the phone. Driving workload was manipulated by varying the curve radius and by varying the timing of the call, either 1 second before or 5 seconds after the start of a curve. The HUD-based phones resulted in response times that were 39 percent faster than the conventional center-console phone, and they resulted in up to 62 percent fewer line crossings. Additionally, when using the center-console phone, road curvature had a large influence on response times and driving performance; however, the HUD-based phone were less sensitive to increased road curvature or driving workload. To examine strategies for reducing driver distraction while answering the phone,
The impact of smart driving aids on driving performance and driver distraction
Transportation Research Part F, 2011
In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) have been shown to increase driver workload and cause distraction, both of which are causal factors for accidents. This simulator study evaluates the impact that two prototype ergonomic designs for a smart driving aid have on workload, distraction and driving performance. Scenario complexity was also manipulated as an independent variable. Results showed that real-time delivery of smart driving information did not increase driver workload or adversely affect driver distraction, while also having the positive effect of decreasing mean driving speed in both the simple and complex driving scenarios. Subjective workload was shown to increase with task difficulty, as well as revealing important differences between the two interface designs. The findings are relevant to the development and implementation of smart driving interface designs in the future.
Situation awareness and workload in driving while using adaptive cruise control and a cell phone
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2005
Little work has empirically examined the cognitive construct of situation awareness (SA) in driving tasks involving the use of advanced in-vehicle automated technologies and personal communication devices. This research investigated the effects of an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system, and cell phone use in driving, on a direct and objective measure of SA, and assessed the competition of multiple driving and communication tasks for limited mental resources in terms of driving performance. Eighteen participants drove a virtual car in a driving simulation and performed a following task involving changes in speed and lateral position. Half of the participants were required to respond to cell phone calls and all completed trials with and without use of the ACC system. Task performance was measured in terms of lane deviations and speed control in tracking a lead vehicle, as well as headway distance in the following task. SA was measured using a simulation freeze technique and SA queries on the driving situation. Subjective workload was measured using a uni-dimensional mental workload rating. Results indicated use of the ACC system to improve driving task SA under typical driving conditions, and to reduce driver mental workload. However, the cell phone conversation caused deleterious effects on driving SA and increased driver mental load. The cell phone conversation (secondary task) competed for limited mental resources of drivers, leading to less attention to, and accurate knowledge of, the driving situation. Results also revealed the ACC system to improve driving performance along multiple dimensions; however, the cell phone did not have an effect. The latter result may be attributed to a short duration of the cell phone conversations during the experiment. This study has implications for the implementation of in-vehicle automation to support driver SA under normal driving conditions and regulations on the use of cell phones while driving. Relevance to Industry: The results of this study have relevance to the introduction of advanced automation in commercial vehicles for supporting driver SA and regulation of cell phone use in driving. The study brings to light the critical role of attention-demanding distracter tasks, such as cell phone conversation while driving and using in-vehicle automation. r
Comparison of manual vs. speech-based interaction with in-vehicle information systems
Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2009
This study examined whether speech-based interfaces for different in-vehicle-information-systems (IVIS) reduce the distraction caused by these systems. For three frequently used systems (audio, telephone with name selection, navigation system with address entry and point of interest selection) speech, manual control and driving without IVIS (baseline) were compared. The Lane Change Task was used to assess driving performance. Additionally, gaze behavior and a subjective measure of distraction were analyzed. Speech interfaces improved driving performance, gaze behavior and subjective distraction for all systems with the exception of point-of-interest entry. However, these improvements were overall not strong enough to reach the baseline performance level. Only in easy segments of the driving task the performance level was comparable to baseline. Thus, speech-based IVIS have to be further developed to keep the cognitive complexity at an adequate level which does not disturb driving. However, looking at the benefits, speech control is a must for the car of the future.